Agromorphological Characterization of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Collection from Burkina Faso

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. or roselle is an important vegetable crop in several African countries. It is rich in vitamins and minerals and is widely used in the diet of local populations in Africa, especially in Burkina Faso. However, up to now, there is no in-depth study describing roselle genetic diversity that has been carried out to assess ecotypes cultivated in Burkina Faso. Thus, this study aims to contribute to providing more insights into Hibiscus sabdariffa genetic variability in Burkina Faso through an agromorphological characterization. For this purpose, a trial was carried out using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. 48 accessions collected from farmers were assessed. Agromorphological data collection involved 12 qualitative and 18 quantitative traits. The qualitative traits analysis showed high variability in leaf, stem, and flower color and shape. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed using quantitative data. The results indicated significant differences among all genotypes for all the traits measured. The first three axes of the PCA explain 69.62% of the genetic variability. Furthermore, the results showed a high agromophological variability which is structured in three (03) groups. This variability will contribute to the enhancement and genetic improvement of Hibiscus sabdariffa

Courbes BLS de degrés de plongement impairs et l’attaque des petits sous-groupes

La cryptographie à base de couplages dépend de l’existence de groupesoù le problème DDH est facile à résoudre mais le problème CDH est difficile.Les couplages ont permis la construction de protocoles originaux etleurs simplifications cryptographiquement. La sécurité de ces protocoles estbasée sur le fait qu’au moins deux des trois groupes du couplage aient dessous-groupes propres d’ordres composés de grand facteurs premiers.Pour minimiser les chances des attaques comme celles des sous-groupes,des études ont été menées avec certaines courbes existantes dans lalittérature et dans les librairies sur les couplages disponibles à l’endroit dupublic. Dans cet article, nous avons repris l’article de Barreto, Lynn et Scott(BLS) qui permet de construire des courbes elliptiques à partir desdegrés de plongement en puissance de 3 ou divisibles par 6 en apportantdes correctives au cas de puissance de 3 et en ajoutant le cas g´en´eral divisiblepar 3. Cette théorie a été appliquée pour voir son impact au niveau dela sécurité des sous-groupes en cryptographie à base de couplages

Paragangliome nasopharynge avec extension a la base du crane: Une localisation inhabituelle des paragangliomes

Introduction : Le paragangliome est une rare tumeur neuroendocrine. La localisation nasopharyngée avec extension à la base du crâne est très rare.Présentation du cas : Il s‘agissait d‘une dame de 39 ans, prise en charge au service de neurochirurgie du CHU « Hôpital du Mali » pour un paragangliome nasopharyngé qui s‘étendait à la base du crâne. La patiente présentait une dyspnée d‘aggravation progressive associée à une épistaxis à répétition évoluant depuis 3 ans environ et une paralysie faciale périphérique gauche. Le scanner avait mis en évidence une masse volumineuse siégeant au niveau du nasopharynx obstruant partiellement les fosses nasales. La lésion était rehaussée après injection de produit de contraste. La patiente a eu une chirurgie d‘exérèse de la tumeur en 2 temps. L‘analyse anatomopathologique avec immunohistochimie a permis de confirmer le diagnostic de paragangliome. Une radiothérapie complémentaire a été réalisée sur le résidu tumoral. Les suites du traitement ont été satisfaisantes.Discussion : Les paragangliomes de la tête et du cou ne représentent que 0,6% des tumeurs de la tête et du cou et 3% de tous les  paragangliomes. Le traitement repose sur la chirurgie. La radiothérapie est indiquée si la chirurgie n‘assure pas une résection complète.Conclusion : Les paragangliomes sont une entité à prendre en compte dans les tumeurs nasopharyngées et de la base du crâne.   Englsih title: Nasopharyngeal paraganglioma with extension at the skull base: An unusual location of the paragangliomas Introduction: Paraganglioma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor. Nasopharyngeal localization with extension at the skull base is very rare.Case: A thirty-nine-year-old woman, was managed by the Neurosurgery Department of « Hôpital du Mali » for a nasopharyngeal paraganglioma that extended to the skull base. The patient had progressive dyspnea associated with repeated epistaxis for 3 years and left peripheral facial palsy. The CT scan showed a bulky mass sitting in the nasopharynx partially obstructing the nasal cavity. The lesion was enhanced after injection of contrast. The patient had surgery to remove the tumor in 2 steps. Histological analysis with  immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis. Complementary radiotherapy was performed on the tumor residue. The results of the treatment were satisfactory.Discussion: Head and neck paragangliomas represent only 0.6% of head and neck tumors and 3% of all paragangliomas. The treatment is based on surgery. Radiotherapy is indicated if the surgery does not provide complete resection.Conclusion: Paragangliomas are an entity to be considered in nasopharyngeal and skull base tumors

Enquête Ethnobotanique Des Plantes Utilisées Pour La Protection Cutanée Des Personnes Atteintes D’albinisme Dans Le District De Bamako (Mali) Et Analyse Qualitative De Bixa Orellana L. (Bixaceae)

Objectif : Cette étude avait pour objectif de recenser les plantes médicinales utilisées pour la protection cutanée des personnes atteintes d’albinisme, dans le district de Bamako (Mali). Matériel et méthodes : A l’aide d’un questionnaire, des informations ont été collectées auprès des membres d’a associations des personnes atteintes d’albinisme. Les plantes les plus citées ont été soumis à une revue bibliographique. Les constituants chimiques et antiradicalaires des graines de Bixa orellana ont été déterminés par les caractérisations en tubes et par la chromatographie sur couche mince. Résultats : Au total, Dix-neuf (19) plantes médicinales ont été recensées auprès de 75 personnes atteintes d’albinisme et sont principalement utilisées dans la protection cutanée. Les plantes les plus fréquemment citées ont été Khaya senegalensis (12 citations), Guiera senegalensis (10 citations), Bixa orellana (8 citations) et Vitellaria paradoxa (5 citations). Les caroténoïdes, les mucilages, les stérols, les triterpènes et les substances antiradicalaires ont été caractérisés dans les extraits des graines de Bixa orellana. Conclusion : Ces extraits peuvent servir à la formulation de produits qui vont contribuer à la photoprotection, l’hydratation et la protection cutanée des personnes atteintes d’albinisme. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify medicinal plants used for the skin protection of people with albinism, in the district of Bamako (Mali). Material and methods: Information was collected from members of associations of people with albinism using a questionnaire. The most cited plants were subjected to a bibliographic review. The chemical and anti-free radical components of Bixa orellana seeds were determined by color reactions and by thin layer chromatography. Results: In total, nineteen (19) medicinal plants were identified among 75 people with albinism and are mainly used in skin protection. The most frequently mentioned plants were Khaya senegalensis (12 citations), Guiera senegalensis (10), Bixa orellana (8) and Vitellaria paradoxa (5). Carotenoids, mucilages, sterols, triterpenes and antifree radicals components have been characterized in extracts from the seeds of Bixa orellana. Conclusion: These extracts can be used to formulate products that will contribute to photoprotection, hydration and skin protection for people with albinism.&nbsp

Genetic Diversity of Jatropha curcas in Burkina Faso Revealed by Microsatellite Markers

Jatropha curcas L. is a perennial oleaginous plant commonly used in tropical areas as a medicinal plant in the construction of defensive hedges against animals, and in the fight against water erosion. It produces oil which can be used as agrofuel or soap-making. Despite its potential, the species remain under-exploited and its genetic diversity is still not very well-known in Burkina Faso. This paper focuses on determining the level and structure of the genetic diversity of 50 accessions collected in three phytogeographical sectors of the country using 12 microsatellite markers. Resultsrevealed a total of 37 alleles in the studied population with an average of 3 alleles per locus, a number of 2.717 effective alleles, and a Shannon diversity index of 1.663. Mean observed heterozygosity and mean expected heterozygosity were 0.144 and 0.356, respectively. Accessions were structured into three genetic groups. The high genetic distance of 0.177 was observed between groups A and B, and a low genetic distance of 0.075 was observed between groups B and C. These preliminary results showed that microsatellites are promising tools that can be used for the characterization of J. curcas. They indicate that the population studied has a low genetic diversity, but it is sufficient to develop programs for conservation and sustainable development of the species

Geographical and temporal distribution of human giardiasis in Ontario, Canada

BACKGROUND: Giardia is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in North America. Although information on geographical distribution of giardiasis is critical in identifying communities at high risk, little has been done in this area. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the geographical and temporal distribution of human giardiasis in Ontario in order to identify possible high risk areas and seasons. Two spatial scales of analyses and two disease measures were used with a view to identifying the best of each in assessing geographical patterns of giardiasis in Ontario. Global Moran's I and Moran Local Indicators of Spatial Associations were used to test for evidence of global and local spatial clustering, respectively. RESULTS: There were seasonal patterns with summer peaks and a significant (P < 0.001) decreasing temporal trend. Significant (P < 0.05) global spatial clustering of high rates was observed at the Census Sub-division spatial scale but not at the Census Division scale. The Census Sub-division scale was a better scale of analyses but required spatial empirical Bayesian smoothing of the rates. A number of areas with significant local clustering of giardiasis rates were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The study identified spatial and temporal patterns in giardiasis distribution. This information is important in guiding decisions on disease control strategies. The study also showed that there is benefit in performing spatial analyses at more than one spatial scale to assess geographical patterns in disease distribution and that smoothing of disease rates for mapping in small areas enhances visualization of spatial patterns

Metagenomic-based screening and molecular characterization of cowpea-infecting viruses in Burkina Faso

Cowpea, ( Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp)) is an annual tropical grain legume. Often referred to as "poor man's meat", cowpea is one of the most important subsistence legumes cultivated in West Africa due to the high protein content of its seeds. However, African cowpea production can be seriously constrained by viral diseases that reduce yields. While twelve cowpea-infecting viruses have been reported from Africa, only three of these have so-far been reported from Burkina Faso. Here we use a virion-associated nucleic acids (VANA)-based metagenomics method to screen for the presence of cowpea viruses from plants collected from the three agro-climatic zones of Burkina Faso. Besides the three cowpea-infecting virus species which have previously been reported from Burkina Faso (Cowpea aphid borne mosaic virus [Family Potyviridae ], the Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus--a strain of Bean common mosaic virus--[Family Potyviridae ] and Cowpea mottle virus [Family Tombusviridae ]) five additional viruses were identified: Southern cowpea mosaic virus (Sobemovirus genus), two previously uncharacterised polerovirus-like species (Family Luteoviridae ), a previously uncharacterised tombusvirus-like species (Family Tombusviridae ) and a previously uncharacterised mycotymovirus-like species (Family Tymoviridae ). Overall, potyviruses were the most prevalent cowpea viruses (detected in 65.5% of samples) and the Southern Sudan zone of Burkina Faso was found to harbour the greatest degrees of viral diversity and viral prevalence. Partial genome sequences of the two novel polerovirus-like and tombusvirus-like species were determined and RT-PCR primers were designed for use in Burkina Faso to routinely detect all of these cowpea-associated viruses