Estrategia psicopedagógica para el cambio de falsas creencias sobre el abuso sexual infantil, en padres de familia de Samaniego (Nariño), Inírida (Guainía) y Valledupar (Cesar) Colombia

El abuso sexual es una de las peores formas de violencia con efectos psicológicos muy diversos y que muestra una frecuencia alarmante en Colombia, sobre todo en contra de niños, niñas y adolescentes; por ende, urge la demostración de los efectos de los programas preventivos donde se involucre a los padres de familia. Se tuvo como propósito evaluar el efecto de una estrategia psicopedagógica que modifique las creencias sobre el abuso sexual infantil, en padres de familia del barrio Paujil, en Puerto Inírida, del barrio El Carmen, en Valledupar y del corregimiento Cartagena en Samaniego, Colombia. Para ese objetivo, se llevó a cabo un estudio de diseño cuasiexperimental con medición pre y post-intervención, con grupo control y grupo experimental al que se le realizó una intervención con una estrategia basada en la teoría social-cognitiva y el modelo de apoyo interpersonal-social. Participaron 109 padres de familia que fueron distribuidos en los dos grupos. Se aplicó el ISCASI-P para medición de las creencias frente al ASI. Los test no paramétricos indican que el grupo experimental redujo significativamente el puntaje en la medición post-intervención en comparación con la pre-intervención (Z=-6.918, p<.001); así mismo, en la medición pos-intervención hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el grupo experimental y el grupo control (U=725.5, p<.001). Este hallazgo se réplica al analizar los datos de cada ciudad/municipio por separado, así como en el puntaje de cada una de las tres dimensiones del ISCASI-P. Se concluye que la estrategia fue efectiva en la reducción de creencias falsas y mitos sobre el abuso sexual infantil en padres de familia; se reflexiona sobre las implicaciones de los resultados, la comparación con hallazgos de estudios antecedentes y posibles derroteros en investigación en prevención del ASI.Sexual abuse is one of the worst forms of violence with very diverse psychological effects and that shows an alarming frequency in Colombia, especially against children and adolescents; Finally, there is an urgent need to demonstrate the effects of preventive programs where parents are involved. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a psychopedagogical strategy that modifies beliefs about child sexual abuse, in parents of the Paujil neighborhood, in Puerto Inírida, the El Carmen neighborhood, in Valledupar and the Cartagena district in Samaniego, Colombia. For this purpose, a quasi-experimental design study was carried out with pre- and post-intervention measurements, with a control group and an experimental group that underwent an intervention with a strategy based on social-cognitive theory and the interpersonal support model. -Social. 109 parents participated and were distributed in the two groups. The ISCASI-P was applied to measure beliefs against the ASI. The non-parametric tests indicate that the experimental group significantly reduced the score in the post-intervention measurement compared to the pre-intervention (Z=-6.918, p<.001); likewise, in the post-intervention measurement there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group (U=725.5, p<.001). This finding is replicated when analyzing the data for each city/municipality separately, as well as in the score of each of the three dimensions of the ISCASI-P. It is concluded that the strategy was effective in reducing false beliefs and myths about child sexual abuse in parents; The implications of the results, the comparison with the investigation of antecedent studies and possible directions in investigation in prevention of the ASI are reflected on.Lista de Tablas. -- Lista de Figuras. -- Lista de Anexos. -- Resumen. -- Introducción. -- Planteamiento del Problema. -- Justificación. -- Objetivos. -- Objetivo general. -- Objetivo específicos. -- Estado del arte. -- Bases Teóricas y conceptuales. -- Definición de Abuso y Violencia Sexual. -- Modelos explicativos del abuso sexual. -- Modelos de intervención para la promoción y prevención. -- Generalidades. -- Modelo de creencias en salud y modelo de apoyo social. -- Metodología. -- Enfoque, diseño y tipo de investigación. -- Población, muestra y muestreo. -- Procedimiento. -- Variables. -- Instrumento. -- Intervención. -- Hipótesis. -- Análisis estadístico. -- Consideraciones éticas. -- Cronograma. -- Resultados. -- Descripción de participantes. -- Resultados generales del cuasiexperimento. -- Resultados por dimensiones del instrumento. -- Resultados por ciudad. -- Discusión. -- Conclusiones. -- Referencias. -- Anexo

Thiophene-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Photophysics and Light-Driven Applications

Porous crystalline materials, such as covalent organic frameworks (COFs), have emerged as some of the most important materials over the last two decades due to their excellent physicochemical properties such as their large surface area and permanent, accessible porosity. On the other hand, thiophene derivatives are common versatile scaffolds in organic chemistry. Their outstanding electrical properties have boosted their use in different light-driven applications (photocatalysis, organic thin film transistors, photoelectrodes, organic photovoltaics, etc.), attracting much attention in the research community. Despite the great potential of both systems, porous COF materials based on thiophene monomers are scarce due to the inappropriate angle provided by the latter, which hinders its use as the building block of the former. To circumvent this drawback, researchers have engineered a number of thiophene derivatives that can form part of the COFs structure, while keeping their intrinsic properties. Hence, in the present minireview, we will disclose some of the most relevant thiophene-based COFs, highlighting their basic components (building units), spectroscopic properties and potential light-driven applications

D-chiro-inositol prevents memory deficits in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease in a sex-dependent manner.

Subida por la tutora, a petición de Beatriz Pacheco Sánchez.Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is recognized as an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the aggregation and deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau, a microtubule-associated protein. Sporadic AD, the most prevalent form of the disease, has been proposed to be associated with alterations on insulin signaling. Insulin regulates a series of cognitive processes, such as learning and memory formation and emerging data demonstrate pivotal roles for brain insulin resistance and insulin deficiency as mediators of neurodegeneration, particularly in AD. The present study describes the effect of oral dietary administration of D-Chiro-inositol (DCI), an inositol used against insulin resistance, on the occurrence of the cognitive impairment of 3xTg-AD mice. This so called “triple‐ transgenic mice” model mimics many critical aspects of AD neuropathology. To this end, we analysed the effects of daily oral administration DCI 200 mg/Kg/day in male and female 3xTg and WT mice of 9 and 3 months of age. In addition to the evaluation of memory on the Novel Object Recognition, both the locomotion and time in the centre zone of an open field (OF), and the locomotion and anxiety-like behaviour in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, were monitored. Our results showed that the exploration time of the new object was remarkably higher in the male 3xTg-DCI group when compared to those obtained from the 3xTg-vehicle and WT- vehicle groups at a middle and older age (3 and 9 months). When the center exploration time was analyzed in OPF test, three-way ANOVA showed an effect of the genotype in middle-aged animals. In the EPM test, only 9 months old 3xtg-DCI females were more prone to explore the open-arm, suggesting DCI decreases anxiety levels related to AD. In conclusion, our study suggest that DCI prevents and improves in a sex-dependent manner, the cognitive impairment associated to AD.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Regulation of NR4A by nutritional status, gender, postnatal development and hormonal deficiency

The NR4A is a subfamily of the orphan nuclear receptors (NR) superfamily constituted by three well characterized members: Nur77 (NR4A1), Nurr1 (NR4A2) and Nor 1 (NR4A3). They are implicated in numerous biological processes as DNA repair, arteriosclerosis, cell apoptosis, carcinogenesis and metabolism. Several studies have demonstrated the role of this subfamily on glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and energy balance. These studies have focused mainly in liver and skeletal muscle. However, its potential role in white adipose tissue (WAT), one of the most important tissues involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, is not well-studied. The aim of this work was to elucidate the regulation of NR4A in WAT under different physiological and pathophysiological settings involved in energy balance such as fasting, postnatal development, gender, hormonal deficiency and pregnancy. We compared NR4A mRNA expression of Nur77, Nurr1 and Nor 1 and found a clear regulation by nutritional status, since the expression of the 3 isoforms is increased after fasting in a leptin-independent manner and sex steroid hormones also modulate NR4A expression in males and females. Our findings indicate that NR4A are regulated by different physiological and pathophysiological settings known to be associated with marked alterations in glucose metabolism and energy status.This work has been supported by grants from Fondo Investigaciones Sanitarias (ST: PI12/02842), Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (RN: RYC-2008-02219 and BFU2012-35255; MMM: BFU2010-17116), Xunta de Galicia (ML: 10PXIB208164PR and 2012-CP070; RN: EM 2012/039 and 2012-CP069), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición. CIBERobn is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) of Spain which is supported by FEDER funds. The research leading to these results has also received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme under the following grant: ML and RN: FP7/2007-2013: n° 245009: NeuroFASTS

Carga de batería de plomo ácido por medio de convertidor SEPIC alimentado por un panel solar

El presente documento describe el funcionamiento de un convertidor SEPIC el cual carga una batería de plomo ácido. El convertidor se alimenta de un panel solar y busca el máximo punto de potencia con la ayuda del microprocesador de la serie C2000 de Texas Instruments. La carga de la batería se realiza a 1 Amperio ajustable hasta llegar a un voltaje de flotación de 14.6 Voltios.This document describes the operation of a SEPIC converter which charges a lead acid battery. The converter is powered by a solar panel and looks for the maximum power point with the help of the microprocessor of the C2000 series of Texas Instruments. The battery is charged at an adjustable 1 Amp until it reaches a float voltage of 14.6 Volts.Ingeniero (a) ElectrónicoPregrad

Effect of manipulating the vergence/accommodation and image size mismatches of the ±2D flipper test on the frequency and precision of accommodative facility

Purpose: The ±2.00 D accommodative facility test presents several limitations, in- cluding the lack of objective information and inherent characteristics such as ver- gence/accommodative conflict, change in apparent size of the image, subjective criteria for judging blur and motor reaction time. By using free-space viewing con- ditions and an open-field autorefractor to monitor the refractive state, we exam- ined the impact of manipulating these factors on the qualitative and quantitative assessment of accommodative facility. Methods: Twenty-five healthy young adults (24.5 ± 4.5 years) took part in this study. Participants performed three accommodative facility tests (adapted flipper, 4D free-space viewing and 2.5D free-space viewing) under both monocular and binocular conditions in random order. A binocular open-field autorefractor was used to assess the accommodative response continuously, and these data were used to characterise accommodative facility quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the three testing methods both quantitatively (p < 0.001) and qualitatively (p = 0.02). For the same accommodative demand, a lower number of cycles was obtained for the adapted flipper condition in comparison with the 4D free-space viewing test (corrected p-value < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.78). However, this comparison did not reach statisti- cal significance for qualitative measures of accommodative facility (corrected p- value = 0.82, Cohen's d 0.05). Conclusions: These data provide evidence that the qualitative assessment of ac- commodative facility is not influenced by the inherent limitations of the ±2.00 D flipper test. The use of qualitative outcomes by incorporating an open-field au- torefractor allows examiners to increase the validity of the accommodative facility test in both clinical and research settings

Detección de bordes en tiempo real empleando el filtro de Sobel y tecnología reconfigurable

En la visión por computadora y en el procesamiento digital de imágenes, la detección de bordes es un proceso muy importante el cual intenta capturar el significado de los objetos dentro de la imagen, entre las cuales están: discontinuidades, la geometría y características físicas de los objeto. Sin embrago, se sabe que las aplicaciones de procesamiento de imágenes y video tienen un alto costo computacional, debido a que deben procesar una gran cantidad de datos. Por ello y gracias al avance tecnológico es posible desarrollar sistemas de visión en hardware. En este trabajo se presenta la implementación de un procesador dedicado para la detección de bordes en tiempo real empleando un dispositivo lógico programable del tipo FPGA, la EP2C35F672C6 de Altera. El sistema detecta los bordes empleando el filtro de Sobel y emplea sólo el 6% de los elementos lógicos y el 43% de multiplicadores embebidos que posee el dispositivo. Los resultados son desplegados directamente en una pantalla compatiblecon VGA

“Os Inempregáveis”: Estudos de caso sobre os impactos psicossociais do não-emprego em licenciados portugueses

Mundialmente, as relações laborais transformam-se e emerge uma nova categoria de trabalhadores licenciados: Os “inempregáveis” ou sem-emprego. Estes reúnem experiência profissional, mas nunca tiveram uma relação jurídica de emprego (contrato de trabalho sem termo). Enquanto os estudos sobre desemprego são abundantes, estudos sobre o “inemprego” são escassos. Pretendemos neste estudo explorar os impactos psicossociais do não-emprego involuntário em licenciados portugueses e as estratégias de coping utilizadas para lidar com esses impactos. Optou-se pelo método de estudo de caso múltiplo e pela entrevista para traçar a história de vida de seis licenciados “inempregáveis”,involuntariamente em situação precária ou sem-actividade laboral. Recorreu-se ao NVivo para análise dos dados. Os resultados evidenciam mais impactos (negativos e positivos) nas situações laborais precárias do que na não-actividade laboral e, mais impactos positivos do que a literatura indiciava. A “focalização activa” é a estratégia de coping mais utilizada pelos sujeitos. Finalizamos propondo pistas para futuras investigações e de combate ao não-emprego

Prototipo de sistema para control y monitoreo de una red de sensores mediante comunicación GSM aplicada a domótica

En este trabajo se describe la arquitectura de una red de sensores aplicada a domótica. La red está formada por un nodo base implementado en un controlador digital de señales modelo DSPIC30F3013 de la compañía Microchip. Este nodo base fue probado utilizando dos sensores digitales de efecto hall, un sensor analógico de temperatura y un actuador para control de iluminación. Además, se utiliza un modem GSM que permite realizar la comunicación entre la red de sensores y el usuario usando un teléfono móvil. El modem GSM se configura, sin usar una computadora personal, mediante comandos AT, los cuales son enviados desde el DSPIC30F3013 para su inicialización, configuración, envío y recepción de mensajes. El modem GSM utiliza una interfaz UART de comunicación para el envío y recepción de los comandos AT desde el DSPIC30F3013. Con este módulo de comunicación el usuario puede controlar la iluminación y monitorear los sensores de efecto hall y temperatura usando el servicio de mensajes cortos. La propuesta de este sistema es una solución de bajo costo que permite el monitoreo y control de forma inalámbrica en casas habitación. El sistema es fácilmente adaptable a otro tipo de sensores y actuadores, lo que proporciona gran flexibilidad