Sediment quality assessment of the tributaries of the Santos-São Vicente Estuarine System – Brazil

The Santos-São Vicente Estuarine System has a long history of environmental impacts, and several studies have been performed in this region. However, the quality of its tributaries was not previously studied. This study aimed to investigate the quality of sediments from five rivers (Santana, Mariana, Piaçabuçu, Quilombo, and Diana Rivers) and three sampling sites at Piaçaguera Canal (riverbed, right and left banks), by using an integrated approach involving chemical analyses and whole sediment toxicity tests. Chronic and acute toxicity tests were performed using, respectively, copepods Nitocra sp. and amphipods Tiburonella viscana. The studied sediments presented moderate to high levels of PAHs, PCBs, metals (Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn), and As. The majority of sediments produced chronic toxic effects, and samples from Piaçaguera Canal were consistently toxic in all acute and chronic tests. The integration of data through multivariate analyses indicated that the toxicity was closely related to the sediments contamination. Chemical data were compared with sediment quality guidelines, which evidenced that the site-specific values are adequate to predict impacts. The levels of organic chemicals and metals suggest constant inputs from diffuse and point sources, demanding actions to ensure effective control and management of the contamination sources to the estuary

Consumo de álcool e tabaco: fator de risco para doença cardiovascular em população idosa do sul do Brasil

Objective: This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of tobacco and/or alcohol consumption and cardiovascular diseases in a population in southern Brazil.Methods and Individuals: study population: 229 elderly (56.3% of women and 43.7% of men) with more than 60 years living in the city of Cachoeira do Sul / RS. A structured questionnaire was used, containing information such as age, sex, education, and reports of alcohol, tobacco and cardiovascular diseases.Results: 38.4% of the interviewees reported using tobacco (66% of men and 17% of women) and 24.5% reported being ex-smokers. Gender and schooling showed a significant association with tobacco use in the multivariate analysis. Among the subjects who declared themselves smokers, 37.5% consume alcohol. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated a significant association between heart disease and smoking. Logistic regression showed association between hypertension and smoking. The overall prevalence estimated for alcohol use was 35.4% (12.4% of women and 65% of men). About 50% of hypertensive individuals consume alcohol and we observed a significant association between age and alcohol consumption.Conclusion: This is a cross-sectional study that is not suitable for causality study. However, we can affirm that there is an association between alcohol and/or tobacco consumption and an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly.Objetivo: este estudo transversal avaliou a associação entre consumo de tabaco e/ou de álcool e a ocorrência de doenças do sistema cardiovascular em população do sul do Brasil.Métodos e Indivíduos: a população em estudo foi constituída de 229 idosos (56,3% de mulheres e 43,7% de homens) com mais de 60 anos moradores da cidade de Cachoeira do Sul/RS. Utilizou-se questionário estruturado, contendo questões relativas aos dados pessoais (idade, sexo, grau de escolaridade), uso de álcool e tabaco e relato de doenças do sistema cardiovascular.Resultados: a prevalência estimada para uso de tabaco foi 38,4% (66% dos homens e 17% das mulheres). 24,5% são ex-tabagistas; gênero e grau de escolaridade mostraram associação com uso de tabaco. 37,5% dos tabagistas relataram uso de álcool. Ao analisarmos o relato de doenças cardíacas e consumo de tabaco, evidenciou-se associação significativa tanto na análise univariada quanto na multivariada. A regressão logística mostrou associação entre hipertensão e tabagismo. A prevalência estimada para uso de álcool foi de 35,4% (12,4% das mulheres e 65% dos homens). Cerca de 50% dos indivíduos hipertensos consomem álcool e observamos associação significativa entre idade e álcool. 19.2% relataram uso de álcool e tabaco.Conclusão: consumo de álcool e/ou tabaco traz inúmeras conseqüências negativas para a saúde, destacando-se aumento da prevalência de doenças cardiovasculares

Freshwater mussel conservation: A global horizon scan of emerging threats and opportunities

We identified 14 emerging and poorly understood threats and opportunities for addressing the global conservation of freshwater mussels over the next decade. A panel of 17 researchers and stakeholders from six continents submitted a total of 56 topics that were ranked and prioritized using a consensus-building Delphi technique. Our 14 priority topics fell into five broad themes (autecology, population dynamics, global stressors, global diversity, and ecosystem services) and included understanding diets throughout mussel life history; identifying the drivers of population declines; defining metrics for quantifying mussel health; assessing the role of predators, parasites, and disease; informed guidance on the risks and opportunities for captive breeding and translocations; the loss of mussel-fish co-evolutionary relationships; assessing the effects of increasing surface water changes; understanding the effects of sand and aggregate mining; understanding the effects of drug pollution and other emerging contaminants such as nanomaterials; appreciating the threats and opportunities arising from river restoration; conserving understudied hotspots by building local capacity through the principles of decolonization; identifying appropriate taxonomic units for conservation; improved quantification of the ecosystem services provided by mussels; and understanding how many mussels are enough to provide these services. Solutions for addressing the topics ranged from ecological studies to technological advances and socio-political engagement. Prioritization of our topics can help to drive a proactive approach to the conservation of this declining group which provides a multitude of important ecosystem services.This publication is based upon work from COST Action CA18239, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). DCA was supported by Corpus Christi College and a Dawson Fellowship at St. Catharine's College, Cambridge. MLL was supported by FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (2020.03608.CEECIND). ISO was supported by a Whitten Studentship. INB was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 21-17-00126). YVB was supported by RSF project no. 21-14-00092. KD was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (19-05510 S). TZ was supported by statutory funds of IOP PAN. MK was supported by funding through the Australian National Environmental Science Program. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission

The role of anthropogenic habitats in freshwater mussel conservation

Anthropogenic freshwater habitats may provide undervalued prospects for long-term conservation as part of species conservation planning. This fundamental, but overlooked, issue requires attention considering the pace that humans have been altering natural freshwater ecosystems and the accelerated levels of biodiversity decline in recent decades. We compiled 709 records of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionida) inhabiting a broad variety of anthropogenic habitat types (from small ponds to large reservoirs and canals) and reviewed their importance as refuges for this faunal group. Most records came from Europe and North America, with a clear dominance of canals and reservoirs. The dataset covered 228 species, including 34 threatened species on the IUCN Red List. We discuss the conservation importance and provide guidance on how these anthropogenic habitats could be managed to provide optimal conservation value to freshwater mussels. This review also shows that some of these habitats may function as ecological traps owing to conflicting management practices or because they act as a sink for some populations. Therefore, anthropogenic habitats should not be seen as a panacea to resolve conservation problems. More information is necessary to better understand the trade-offs between human use and the conservation of freshwater mussels (and other biota) within anthropogenic habitats, given the low number of quantitative studies and the strong biogeographic knowledge bias that persists.This publication is based upon work from COST Action CA18239, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). A.M.L. was financed by the Institute of Environmental Sciences Jagiellonian University (N18/DBS/000003) and K.N. by the Aragón Government. The authors acknowledge Jarosław Andrzejewski, Bartosz Czader, Anna Fica, Marcin Horbacz, Tomasz Jonderko, Steinar Kålås, Tomasz Kapela, Bjørn Mejdell Larsen, Maciej Pabijan, Katarzyna Pawlik, Ilona Popławska, Joanna Przybylska, Tomasz Przybył, Mateusz Rybak, Kjell Sandaas, Jarosław Słowikowski, Tomasz Szczasny, Michał Zawadzki and Paweł Zowada for providing detailed information on specific examples concerning freshwater mussels in anthropogenic habitats. We thank the editor and two anonymous referees for the valuable suggestions made, which increased the clarity of our manuscript.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Zumbido e intolerância a sons : evidência e experiência de um grupo brasileiro

Introdução Zumbido e intolerância a sons são queixas frequentes e subjetivas que podem ter impacto na qualidade de vida do paciente. Objetivo Apresentar uma revisão dos principais pontos, inclusive conceitos, fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e abordagem do paciente com zumbido e sensibilidade a sons. Método Revisão da literatura com levantamento bibliográfico na base de dados da LILACS, SciELO, Pubmed e MEDLINE. Foram selecionados artigos e capítulos de livros sobre zumbido e sensibilidade a sons. Os diversos tópicos foram discutidos por um grupo de profissionais brasileiros e as conclusões, descritas. Resultado A prevalência de zumbido tem aumentado ao longo dos anos, muitas vezes associado a perda auditiva, fatores metabólicos e erros alimentares. A avaliação médica deve ser feita minuciosamente no sentido de orientar a solicitação de exames subsidiários. Os tratamentos disponíveis atualmente variam de medicamentos ao uso de sons com características específicas e técnicas de meditação, com resultados variáveis. Conclusão Foi apresentada uma revisão sobre os temas que permitindo ao leitor uma visão ampla da abordagem dos pacientes com zumbido e sensibilidade auditiva baseada em evidências científicas e experiência nacional.Introduction Tinnitus and sound intolerance are frequent and subjective complaints that may have an impact on a patient's quality of life. Objective To present a review of the salient points including concepts, pathophysiology, diagnosis and approach of the patient with tinnitus and sensitivity to sounds. Methods Literature review with bibliographic survey in LILACS, SciELO, Pubmed and MEDLINE database. Articles and book chapters on tinnitus and sound sensitivity were selected. The several topics were discussed by a group of Brazilian professionals and the conclusions were described. Results The prevalence of tinnitus has increased over the years, often associated with hearing loss, metabolic factors and inadequate diet. Medical evaluation should be performed carefully to guide the request of subsidiary exams. Currently available treatments range from medications to the use of sounds with specific characteristics and meditation techniques, with variable results. Conclusion A review on tinnitus and auditory sensitivity was presented, allowing the reader a broad view of the approach to these patients, based on scientific evidence and national experience

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Statement of Second Brazilian Congress of Mechanical Ventilarion : part I

Resumo não disponíve

VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad

Acta de congresoLa conmemoración de los cien años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 se presentó como una ocasión propicia para debatir el rol de la historia, la teoría y la crítica en la formación y en la práctica profesional de diseñadores, arquitectos y urbanistas. En ese marco el VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad constituyó un espacio de intercambio y reflexión cuya realización ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración entre Facultades de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional y la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, contando además con la activa participación de mayoría de las Facultades, Centros e Institutos de Historia de la Arquitectura del país y la región. Orientado en su convocatoria tanto a docentes como a estudiantes de Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial de todos los niveles de la FAUD-UNC promovió el debate de ideas a partir de experiencias concretas en instancias tales como mesas temáticas de carácter interdisciplinario, que adoptaron la modalidad de presentación de ponencias, entre otras actividades. En el ámbito de VIII Encuentro, desarrollado en la sede Ciudad Universitaria de Córdoba, se desplegaron numerosas posiciones sobre la enseñanza, la investigación y la formación en historia, teoría y crítica del diseño, la arquitectura y la ciudad; sumándose el aporte realizado a través de sus respectivas conferencias de Ana Clarisa Agüero, Bibiana Cicutti, Fernando Aliata y Alberto Petrina. El conjunto de ponencias que se publican en este Repositorio de la UNC son el resultado de dos intensas jornadas de exposiciones, cuyos contenidos han posibilitado actualizar viejos dilemas y promover nuevos debates. El evento recibió el apoyo de las autoridades de la FAUD-UNC, en especial de la Secretaría de Investigación y de la Biblioteca de nuestra casa, como así también de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la UCC; va para todos ellos un especial agradecimiento

Imperio : Diario de Zamora de Falange Española de las J.O.N.S.: Año XXVII Número 8033 - 1962 Abril 03

O transplante é o único tratamento definitivo para doença pulmonar terminal. A injúria pulmonar induzida por isquemia-reperfusão (I-R) permanece como importante causa de mortalidade após o transplante. A injúria por I-R está relacionada com a falência do enxerto pulmonar, sendo associada ao aumento das espécies ativas de oxigênio (EAO). A preservação do enxerto tem como objetivo diminuir a incidência da falência primária do mesmo. Soluções preservadoras têm sido estudadas, sendo que a utilizada em nosso meio é a LPD (low-potassium dextran). Estudos mostram que o uso prolongado de corticóide pode causar aumento das EAO no endotélio vascular, mas quando administrado “in bolus” em doadores após declaração de morte cerebral, melhora o desempenho do pulmão doador. Nesta tese avaliamos o estresse oxidativo em situações relacionadas ao transplante pulmonar, utilizando tecido pulmonar ou sangue. A peroxidação lipídica foi determinada com a técnica de quimiluminescência (CL) e as defesas antioxidantes com as técnicas de TRAP (total radical trapping antioxidant potential) e medidas de atividade das enzimas Catalase (CAT) e Superóxido Dismutase (SOD). A tese foi dividida em três trabalhos (A, B e C). A. O estresse oxidativo periférico foi avaliado em um modelo de transplante pulmonar em ratos. Em nove transplantes o enxerto pulmonar foi conservado com solução preservadora LPD, e submetido a 90 minutos de isquemia fria. Amostras de sangue arterial periférico do receptor foram coletadas em diferentes tempos do transplante. Ocorreu aumento significativo da CL no final do período de isquemia (imediatamente antes da reperfusão) e no período de reperfusão tardia em relação aos períodos basal (antes da toracotomia) e inicial da reperfusão. Sem diferença nos demais testes. Esses resultados podem ser indicativos de resposta adaptativa e/ou efeito protetor da solução preservadora LPD contra a lipoperoxidação. B. Avaliação do impacto da administração i.v. da solução de preservação LPD no estresse oxidativo periférico. Amostras de sangue arterial foram coletadas em diferentes tempos, em duas situações: com ou sem isquemia pulmonar por meio de dois desenhos experimentais: Experimento 1: Dois grupos de ratos: LPD e SAL. Receberam 0.5 mL i.v. de solução preservadora LPD ou salina (SAL) respectivamente. Foi observado aumento significativo na TRAP do grupo LPD em relação ao grupo SAL, sem alteração na CL. Experimento 2: Quatro grupos de ratos: controle (CON), isquemia (ISQ), salina (SAL) e LPD (solução preservadora). Exceto os do grupo CON, todos os animais dos demais grupos foram submetidos à toracotomia com clampeamento do hilo pulmonar esquerdo por 30 min, acompanhado por reperfusão de 30 min. Salina ou solução preservadora LPD foram administradas, 0.5 mL i.v., imediatamente antes da remoção do clampeamento, nos grupos SAL e LPD. Os resultados mostraram aumento significativo da CL nos grupos SAL e ISQ em relação aos grupos CON e LPD. Por outro lado, na TRAP houve diferença significativa entre tempos, grupos e interação tempo-grupo com aumento significativo no grupo LPD comparado com os demais grupos. Esses resultados sugerem que a isquemia pode ser desencadeadora de estresse oxidativo, efeito esse inibido pela utilização de LPD. A LPD mostrou-se potencializadora das defesas antioxidantes, levando-nos a sugerir a possibilidade de que seja utilizada em situações de potencial estresse oxidativo tanto in vitro quanto in vivo. Sem alteração nos demais testes. C. Avaliação do estresse oxidativo em tecido pulmonar de ratos submetidos a diferentes regimes de tratamento com metilprednisolona (MP). Seis grupos de ratos, três tratados e os respectivos controles, foram submetidos a diferentes tratamentos com MP - dose única de 50 mg/kg, i.p. (agudo), e dose oral de 6 mg/kg durante 15 (sub-crônico) ou 30 dias (crônico). Ao final dos tratamentos, os animais foram mortos e os pulmões retirados foram homogeneizados para medir CL e TRAP. Os resultados mostraram aumento significativo de CL (animais submetidos a tratamento crônico), e na medida de TRAP (animais submetidos ao tratamento agudo). Os resultados sugerem que o tratamento agudo com MP não induz dano oxidativo pulmonar e melhora o sistema de defesa antioxidante, enquanto o tratamento crônico pode induzir o dano oxidativo, podendo indicar envolvimento dos radicais livres nos efeitos farmacológicos (terapêuticos ou adversos) dos corticóides

Efeitos da administração de metilprednisolona sobre órgãos de ratos wistar

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