Agendas visuales, "no hace falta la agenda, él me entiende"

En este artículo abordamos no sólo la importancia que tienen las agendas visuales para las personas con un Trastorno Generalizado del Desarrollo que no desarrollan el lenguaje oral, sino cómo son igual de importantes también para aquellas que sí lo desarrollan. Presentamos dos ejemplos de niños que tienen lenguaje oral, a los que las imágenes de las agendas les ayudan a anticipar para comunicar o comprender algo que va a ocurrir (una operación quirúrgica), o que se está desarrollando y surge un imprevisto (visita a Correos)

Variables socioemocionales y bienestar psicológico en personas mayores

The study of well-being is especially interesting in the case of the elderly, located at a vital time when limiting life in a quantitative sense is more evident, in which the disease and disorders are more likely to increase, and in which the quality of life years left to live and their promotion is essential (Satorres, 2013). The psychological well-being is a broad concept that includes social dimensions, subjective and psychological as well as behaviors related to health in general, that lead people to work in a positive way. The term happiness is too ambitious; however the individual subjective well-being (BIS) allows to measure the degree of happiness or satisfaction that, in general terms, predominates in each according to his own point of view. On the other hand, the constructive thought, in their different scales and facets, are in reality variables socio emotional functions which enables us to face the world and reality. The research group of the ULPGC INDEPSI has conducted an investigation to relate these two constructs (constructive thought and subjective wellbeing individual) in a group with ages between 57 and 87 years (n=96) who receive university studies for older, using for this purpose the inventory of constructive thought emotional (Epstein, 2012) and the questionnaire BIS-HERNAN (Hernández, 1996 and 2000) that measure different aspects of happiness. The results indicate that the factors that attaches the happiness and unhappiness are of a different nature; that there are significant differences (p smaller than 0.05) between the valuation of the past and future happiness in comparison with the present and that having a good emotional coping and little suspicion are significant predictors of happiness.El estudio del bienestar  es especialmente interesante en el caso de las personas mayores, situadas en un momento vital en el que la limitación de la vida en un sentido cuantitativo es más evidente, en el que la enfermedad y  las disfunciones tienen más probabilidad de aumento, y en el que la calidad de los años de vida que quedan por vivir y su promoción es fundamental (Satorres, 2013). El bienestar psicológico es un concepto amplio que incluye dimensiones sociales, subjetivas y psicológicas, así como comportamientos relacionados con la salud en general, que llevan a las personas a funcionar de un modo positivo. El término felicidad es demasiado ambicioso; sin embargo el Bienestar Subjetivo Individual (BIS) permite medir el grado de felicidad o de satisfacción que, en términos generales, predomina en cada uno según su propio punto de vista. Por otro lado, el pensamiento constructivo, en sus distintas escalas y facetas, son en realidad variables socioemocionales que nos permite afrontar el mundo y la realidad. El grupo de investigación INDEPSI de la ULPGC ha realizado un estudio para relacionar estos dos constructos (pensamiento constructivo y bienestar subjetivo individual) en  un grupo con edades comprendidas entre los 57 y 87 años, (n=96)  que reciben estudios universitarios para mayores, usando para ello el Inventario de Pensamiento Constructivo Emocional (Epstein, 2012) y el cuestionario BIS-HERNAN (Hernández, 1996 y 2000) que mide distintos aspectos de la felicidad. Los resultados  nos indican que los factores por los que se atribuye la felicidad y la infelicidad son de distinta naturaleza; que existen diferencias significativas (p menor que 0.05) entre la valoración de la felicidad pasada y futura en comparación con la actual,  y que tener un buen afrontamiento emocional y poca suspicacia son predictores significativos de la felicidad

Variables predictoras del estilo interpersonal en mediadores profesionales

The objective of this study is to know how personality factors and the cognitive-emotional variables predict different interpersonal styles in people who have studied specific mediation. For this purpose have been used as instruments the Inventory of Personality NEO PI-R(Costa y McCrae, 1978, Spanish adaptation, 1999), Molds test, Cognitive-Emotionals Strategies (Hernández-Guanir, 2010) and Interpersonal Styles Questionnaire (De Diego and Guillén, 2006). The study sample has been 32 mediators newly completed their university education at the Master in Family Mediation and Sociocommunity, of the ULPGC (University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria) and ULL (University of La Laguna ). Multiple linear regressions analyses of data indicate , among others, that: Conciliatory style characterised by engage, involve and build bridges between the parties, comes anticipated by the mental mould of precision and supervision at the same time that the social attribution of success. Added way, Positivante Optimization, which is the tendency to evaluate positively or rentabilizadora transform failures into successes and benefits efforts predicts interpersonal style of Catchment , represented by actions such as inspire, motivate, and find a common ground between the parties. A personality in Opening is contrary to an interactive style of Firmness characterized by putting standards, demand or make judgments of others. These results show us that in the training of the professional mediator variables analysed, should be considered since the effectiveness of his actions, as a professional who facilitates people in conflict to find solutions to the same, in a neutral and impartial way depends on some personal characteristics and the usual ways in which a person interprets and faces the reality because - as it has been reflected - personality factors and the cognitive-emotional variables, along with interactive style, are decisive and interdependent elements.El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer cómo los factores de personalidad y las variables cognitivo- emocionales predicen los diferentes estilos interpersonales en personas que han cursado estudios específicos de Mediación. Para ello se han utilizado como instrumentos de medida el Inventario de Personalidad NEO PI-R (Costa y McCrae, 1978, adaptación española, 1999); el test Moldes, Estrategias Cognitivo-Emocionales (Hernández-Guanir, 2010) y el Cuestionario de Estilos Interpersonales (De Diego y Guillén, 2006). La muestra objeto de estudio han sido 32 mediadores que han cursado su formación universitaria en el Máster de Mediación Familiar y Sociocomunitaria, de la ULPGC y ULL. recientemente Los análisis de regresiones lineales múltiples de los datos nos indican, entre otros, que: el estilo Conciliador caracterizado por comprometer, implicar y tender puentes entre las partes, viene anticipado por el molde mental de precisión y supervisión a la vez que por la atribución social del éxito. De forma añadida, la Optimización Positivante, que supone la tendencia a evaluar positivamente o transformar de manera rentabilizadora los fracasos en éxitos y los esfuerzos en beneficios predice el estilo interpersonal de Captación, representado por actuaciones como inspirar, motivar, y buscar un terreno comúnentre las partes. Una personalidad en Apertura es contraria a un estilo interactivo de Firmeza caracterizado por poner normas, exigir o hacer juicios de los otros. Estos resultados nos señalan que en la formación del mediador profesional se deben tener en cuenta las variables analizadas, ya que la eficacia de su actuación, como profesional que de forma neutral e imparcial facilita que personas en conflicto encuentren soluciones al mismo, depende de algunas características personales y de las formas habituales en que una persona interpreta y afronta la realidad, pues–como ha quedado reflejado- los factores de personalidad y las variables cognitivo- emocionales, junto con el estilo interactivo, son elementos determinantes e interdependientes

Pattern of trunk diameter fluctuations of almond trees in deficit irrigation scheduling during the first seasons

Irrigation needs in mature almond orchards are very high. Although almond trees grow in rainfed conditions, the yield response is very sensitive to irrigation. Continuous monitoring of the water status could be an adequate tool to optimize deficit irrigation. In this sense, trunk diameter fluctuations appeared as a very promising indicator at the beginning of the century, but few data have been published. The aim of this work is to check threshold values of maximum daily shrikage (MDS) and identify possible limitations to their use in commercial orchards. The experiment was performed in a commercial farm in Dos Hermanas (Seville, Spain) during the 2017 season on a 7-years-old orchard (cv Vairo). The irrigation treatments were Control (100% ETc), sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) with a maximum seasonal irrigation of 100 mm and two regulated deficit treatments (RDI). Both RDI treatments (RDI-1 and RDI-2) were scheduled using the signal of maximum daily shrinkage (signal) and the midday stem water potential (SWP). In RDI-1, full irrigation conditions were provided before kernel filling and during postharvest, using the threshold values suggested in the bibliography. During kernel filling, the water stress level was designed to be -1.5 MPa (SWP) and 1.75 (signal). RDI-2 trees were irrigated using the same scheduling as RDI-1, but target water stress values were higher in kernel filling (-2 MPa and 2.75) and with a maximum seasonal amount of water of 100 mm. SWP in Control trees was near the McCutchan and Shackel baseline for most of the season. None of the deficit treatments reached the signal values suggested. Moreover, the signal values were almost equal between treatments, with no water stress effect. The trunk growth rate (TGR) presented clear differences depending on the water status

A more sustainable and efficient definition of Regulated Deficit Irrigation phases in olive (Olea europaea L.)

Resumen del trabajo presentado en 20th EGU General Assembly, clelebrada en Viena (Austria) del 04 al 13 de abril de 2018.Water is a limited but highly essential resource, with large quantities required for agriculture. Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) is an agricultural technique with great relevance for water savings worldwide, in which water stress is imposed by irrigation withholding based on fruit growth phases. The objective of this method is to identify phases where water stress has little or no effect on yield. RDI in olive has been demonstrated as an efficient tool to save water without negatively affecting yield. In olive trees, the mid-summer “pit hardening” is recognized as the most drought-resistant phenological stage, and has been used successfully for RDI water savings even though neither the description, boundaries, nor length of the period have been cleared reported. Many studies merely utilize a constant reference date for pit hardening, providing no explanation regarding how it was estimated or measured, while a few cases report the resistant to a knife-cut as the proper method to identify hardening, but leave unclear whether it represents its onset or completion. Recent studies have addressed these uncertainties, better showing the nature and duration of olive pit hardening, to which RDI can now be fitted. The objective of this current work was to determine if a RDI strategy more precisely fitted to pit hardening influences yield. In Ciudad Real (Spain) in 2016 and 2017, four irrigation treatments were applied in an ‘Arbequina’ olive orchard planted at 7 x 4.75 m in 1999. Treatment T1 consisted in water stress during pit hardening, aiming to maintain stem water potential (SWP) of -2 MPa during this phase. Treatment T2 was severely water stressed, aimed at maintaining -3 MPa during the same phase. In the rest of the season, before and after pit hardening, both treatments were irrigated to prevent water stress. Additionally, a highly deficit treatment was established (T3), irrigated only after pit hardening was completed. A control treatment (T0), irrigated following FAO methodology, was established to determine potential yield. Irrigation water savings with respect to T0 were approximately 45%, 57%, and 77% for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. There were no significant yield differences among treatments, although 2017 was nearly significant (P = 0.06), as when both years were considered together, due to the low yield of T3. Average yields from the two years were 25, 24, 23 and 21 kg tree-1 in T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively. In conclusion, basing RDI on a new, more precise definition of the pit hardening phase produces similar yields with higher water savings, with the consequent environmental, economic and energetic benefits.Peer reviewe

Leaf water relations in Diospyros kaki during a mild water deficit exposure

The resistance mechanisms (stress avoidance and stress tolerance) developed by persimmon plants (Diospyros kaki L. f. grafted on Diospyros lotus L.) in response to mild water stress and the sensitivity of continuously (on a whole-day basis) and discretely (at predawn and midday) measured indicators of the plant water status were investigated in 3-year old ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon plants. Control (T0) plants were drip irrigated in order to maintain soil water content at levels slightly above soil field capacity (102.3% of soil field capacity) and T1 plants were drip irrigated for 33 days in order to maintain the soil water content at around 80% of soil field capacity. The results indicated persimmon plants confront a mild water stress situation by gradually developing stomata control (stress avoidance mechanism) and exhibiting some xeromorphic characteristic such as high leaf relative apoplastic water content, which could contribute to the retention of water at low leaf water potentials. In addition, sap flow measurements made by the heat-pulse technique were seen to be the most suitable method for estimating persimmon water status, because it provided the highest signal intensity (actual value/reference value):noise (coefficient of variation) ratio in almost all intervals of time considered and provides continuous and automated registers of the persimmon water status in real time. © 2019 The AuthorsWe are grateful to the Arnau family from Explotaciones Ecológicas Harisa S.L. and Mr. J. Melgares from Oficina Comarcal Agraria Huerta de Murcia (Autonomous Comunity of the Region of Murcia) for all the help we have been given. AG and AJM acknowledge the postdoctoral financial support received from Ramón Areces Foundation and Juan de la Cierva program, respectively . IG is a predoctoral student at the Miguel Hernández University. Also, this work is a result of the PR internship (19925/IV/15) funded by the Seneca Foundation - Agency for Science and Technology in the Region of Murcia under the Jiménez de la Espada Program for Mobility, Cooperation and Internationalization.Peer reviewe

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Factores de calidad de vida de las familias con personas con discapacidad intelectual: Experiencia en gran canaria

This work is set within a R&D project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. It propounds two objectives. First, to conceptualize the life quality in families with intellectual disabled (ID) people. Second, to write two scales to evaluate the construct family quality of life (FQOL) in this population: one, aimed at families with ID people over 18, and another one, aimed at families with ID people under that age. To achieve these objectives we have combined qualitative and quantitative techniques. When selecting the samples, the characteristic criteria of each methodology were fulfilled. Discussion groups of relatives of people with ID were especially organised, category systems were drawn up and statistical analyses were carried out. The scales showed reliability and validity. The data showed that a global construct of FQOL exists, made up of seven factors: a) emotional welfare, b) family resilience, c) family interaction, d) parental skills, e) social participation, f) financial security and g) health. In this work we aim to describe the life quality in families from Gran Canaria with children over 18 with intellectual disability, to compare it to the one in other autonomous regions and provide orientations to improve itEste trabajo se enmarca en un proyecto de I+D+I, financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, que se propone dos objetivos. El primero, conceptualizar la calidad de vida en las familias con personas con discapacidad intelectual (DI). El segundo, elaborar dos escalas para evaluar el constructo calidad de vida familiar (CdVF) en esta población: una, dirigida a familias con personas con DI mayores de 18 años, y otra, a familias con personas con DI menores de esa edad. Para conseguir estos objetivos hemos combinado técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas. En la selección de las muestras se respetaron los criterios propios de cada metodología. En concreto, se organizaron grupos de discusión de familiares de personas con DI, se elaboraron sistemas de categorías y se realizaron análisis estadísticos. Las escalas mostraron fiabilidad y validez. Los datos indican que existe un constructo global de CdVF configurado por siete factores: bienestar emocional, acomodación familiar, interacción familiar, habilidades parentales, participación social, bienestar económico y salud. En este trabajo nos proponemos describir la calidad de vida de las familias con hijos con DI mayores de 18 años de Gran Canaria, compararla con la de otras comunidades autónomas y aportar orientaciones para su mejora

Factores de calidad de vida de las familias con personas con discapacidad intelectual: experiencia en Gran Canaria

Este trabajo se enmarca en un proyecto de I+D+I, financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, que se propone dos objetivos. El primero, conceptualizar la calidad de vida en las familias con personas con discapacidad intelectual (DI). El segundo, elaborar dos escalas para evaluar el constructo calidad de vida familiar (CdVF) en esta población: una, dirigida a familias con personas con DI mayores de 18 años, y otra, a familias con personas con DI menores de esa edad. Para conseguir estos objetivos hemos combinado técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas. En la selección de las muestras se respetaron los criterios propios de cada metodología. En concreto, se organizaron grupos de discusión de familiares de personas con DI, se elaboraron sistemas de categorías y se realizaron análisis estadísticos. Las escalas mostraron fiabilidad y validez. Los datos indican que existe un constructo global de CdVF configurado por siete factores: bienestar emocional, acomodación familiar, interacción familiar, habilidades parentales, participación social, bienestar económico y salud. En este trabajo nos proponemos describir la calidad de vida de las familias con hijos con DI mayores de 18 años de Gran Canaria, compararla con la de otras comunidades autónomas y aportar orientaciones para su mejora.This work is set within a R&D project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. It propounds two objectives. First, to conceptualize the life quality in families with intellectual disabled (ID) people. Second, to write two scales to evaluate the construct family quality of life (FQOL) in this population: one, aimed at families with ID people over 18, and another one, aimed at families with ID people under that age. To achieve these objectives we have combined qualitative and quantitative techniques. When selecting the samples, the characteristic criteria of each methodology were fulfilled. Discussion groups of relatives of people with ID were especially organised, category systems were drawn up and statistical analyses were carried out. The scales showed reliability and validity. The data showed that a global construct of FQOL exists, made up of seven factors: a) emotional welfare, b) family resilience, c) family interaction, d) parental skills, e) social participation, f) financial security and g) health. In this work we aim to describe the life quality in families from Gran Canaria with children over 18 with intellectual disability, to compare it to the one in other autonomous regions and provide orientations to improve it.- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Proyectos de Investigación Científica y Desarrollo Tecnológico. Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2004-2007 (Proyecto SEJ2006-04773/PSI).peerReviewe

Análisis comparativo de las motivaciones vitales

Esta investigación tuvo por objeto conocer la evolución o cambios que han experimentado los valores fundamentales relativos a distintos aspectos de la vida personal, familiar, laboral y social. Para ello, se aplicó un mismo cuestionario a un grupo de 250 adolescentes y a otro grupo de 101 adultos mayores de 55 años. Estos últimos debían realizar un análisis retrospectivo sobre los valores importantes en el tiempo de su adolescencia. De este modo, pudimos comparar las respuestas de ambos grupos y constatar si se había producido alguna evolución entre las generaciones. Los resultados obtenidos nos indican que existen cambios significativos en algunos valores importantes, como sentido de la responsabilidad, autoridad paterna, libertad para decidir, respeto a las personas, importancia de la religión en la vida, sentido del esfuerzo, etc., mientras que, en otros aspectos, igualmente importantes, como la familia, los estudios y la salud, no se han observado esas diferencias significativas.The aim of this research was to understand the evolution and changes that have undergoneed fundamental values related to certain aspects of personal, family, work and social life. To this end, we implemented the same questionnaire to a group of 250 adolescents and another group of 101 adults over 55 years. The latter had to perform a retrospective analysis of the important values at the time of their adolescence. Thus, we could compare the responses of both groups and see if there had been any evolution between generations. The results indicate that there are significant changes in some important values such as sense of responsibility, parental authority, freedom to decide, respect for others, importance of religion in life, sense of effort, etc.., while in other aspects equally important as family, education and health, there has been no such significant differences.peerReviewe