Hydrostratigraphie et géologie du quaternaire dans le bassin-versant de la rivière Châteauguay, Québec

Une étude portant sur la géologie du Quaternaire dans la portion canadienne du bassin-versant de la rivière Châteauguay a été entreprise dans le cadre d'un programme d'étude sur les eaux souterraines mené conjointement par la Commission géologique du Canada, l'INRS-ETE (Institut national de recherche scientifique-Eau, Terre et Environnement) et le Ministère de l'environnement. Les objectifs principaux ont porté sur les relations entre la cartographie des dépôts meubles et la recharge à l'aquifère fracturé, ainsi que sur l'exploitation des données de sous-surface pour la conception d'une carte en 3 dimensions de la géologie quaternaire (hydrostratigraphie). Une méthode novatrice par grille (grid-based), la méthode de calcul relatif, a été développée pour la cartographie en 3 dimensions. Des travaux de terrain ont été réalisés, dont des forages dans les argiles à la mini-foreuse, de la cartographie de surface et des études sédimentologiques (particulièrement dans les eskers). Parallèlement, des études géologiques portant sur l'histoire de la glaciation et de la déglaciation ont été entreprises. La géomorphologie glaciaire et les marques d'érosion glaciaire ont été étudiées pour compléter les connaissances sur l'histoire des écoulements glaciaires dans la région. Les stries indiquent un écoulement glaciaire vers le S qui bifurque ensuite vers le SW, mouvement glaciaire principal dans la région; puis, tardivement, le mouvement glaciaire SW bifurque vers W et vers le SE localement. Un site paléontologique important (Lac-Des-Pins, à St-Antoine-Abbé) a été découvert, dans lequel sont retrouvés des fossiles de plantes arctiques-alpines, des débris organiques marins et un bois de caribou bien préservé. Des datations au carbone 14 ont été effectuées sur des matériels marins et terrestres, et montrent un effet réservoir important (environ 800 ans pour Hiatella arctica et 1200 ans pour Macoma baltica) pour les coquilles marines. Des datations par IRSL (Infrared-Stimulated Luminescence) ont permis de connaître l'âge de différents sédiments (éoliens, littoraux) post-datant la déglaciation. Enfin, les observations cartographiques\ud sur la géomorphologie post-Mer de Champlain ont suggéré de nouveaux détails sur la transition\ud entre le Lac-Lampsilis et le St-Laurent moderne. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Géologie, Quaternaire, Châteauguay, Basses-terres du St-Laurent, Covey Hill, Caribou, Effet réservoir, Mer de Champlain

Gene expression profile of androgen modulated genes in the murine fetal developing lung

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Accumulating evidences suggest that sex affects lung development. Indeed, a higher incidence of respiratory distress syndrome is observed in male compared to female preterm neonates at comparable developmental stage and experimental studies demonstrated an androgen-related delay in male lung maturation. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these deleterious effects of androgens in lung maturation are only partially understood.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To build up a better understanding of the effect of androgens on lung development, we analyzed by microarrays the expression of genes showing a sexual difference and those modulated by androgens. Lungs of murine fetuses resulting from a timely mating window of 1 hour were studied at gestational day 17 (GD17) and GD18, corresponding to the period of surge of surfactant production. Using injections of the antiandrogen flutamide to pregnant mice, we hunted for genes in fetal lungs which are transcriptionally modulated by androgens.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Results revealed that 1844 genes were expressed with a sexual difference at GD17 and 833 at GD18. Many genes were significantly modulated by flutamide: 1597 at GD17 and 1775 at GD18. Datasets were analyzed by using in silico tools for reconstruction of cellular pathways. Between GD17 and GD18, male lungs showed an intensive transcriptional activity of proliferative pathways along with the onset of lung differentiation. Among the genes showing a sex difference or an antiandrogen modulation of their expression, we specifically identified androgen receptor interacting genes, surfactant related genes in particularly those involved in the pathway leading to phospholipid synthesis, and several genes of lung development regulator pathways. Among these latter, some genes related to Shh, FGF, TGF-beta, BMP, and Wnt signaling are modulated by sex and/or antiandrogen treatment.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results show clearly that there is a real delay in lung maturation between male and female in this period, the latter pursuing already lung maturation while the proper is not yet fully engaged in the differentiation processes at GD17. In addition, this study provides a list of genes which are under the control of androgens within the lung at the moment of surge of surfactant production in murine fetal lung.</p

Children’s sedentary behaviour: descriptive epidemiology and associations with objectively-measured sedentary time

Background: Little is known regarding the patterning and socio-demographic distribution of multiple sedentary behaviours in children. The aims of this study were to: 1) describe the leisure-time sedentary behaviour of 9-10 year old British children, and 2) establish associations with objectively-measured sedentary time. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis in the SPEEDY study (Sport, Physical activity and Eating behaviour: Environmental Determinants in Young people) (N=1513, 44.3% boys). Twelve leisure-time sedentary behaviours were assessed by questionnaire. Objectively-measured leisure-time sedentary time (Actigraph GT1M, <100 counts/minute) was assessed over 7 days. Differences by sex and socioeconomic status (SES) in self-reported sedentary behaviours were tested using Kruskal-Wallis tests. The association between objectively-measured sedentary time and the separate sedentary behaviours (continuous (minutes) and categorised into 'none' 'low' or 'high' participation) was assessed using multi-level linear regression. Results: Sex differences were observed for time spent in most sedentary behaviours (all p ≤ 0.02), except computer use. Girls spent more time in combined non-screen sedentary behaviour (median, interquartile range: girls: 770.0 minutes, 390.0-1230.0; boys: 725.0, 365.0 - 1182.5; p = 0.003), whereas boys spent more time in screen-based behaviours (girls: 540.0, 273.0 - 1050.0; boys: 885.0, 502.5 - 1665.0; p < 0.001). Time spent in five non-screen behaviours differed by SES, with higher values in those of higher SES (all p ≤ 0.001). Regression analyses with continuous exposures indicated that reading (β = 0.1, p < 0.001) and watching television (β = 0.04, p < 0.01) were positively associated with objectively-measured sedentary time, whilst playing board games (β = -0.12, p < 0.05) was negatively associated. Analysed in categorical form, sitting and talking (vs. none: 'low' β = 26.1,ns; 'high' 30.9, p < 0.05), playing video games (vs. none: 'low' β = 49.1, p < 0.01; 'high' 60.2, p < 0.01) and watching television (vs. lowest tertile: middle β = 22.2,ns; highest β = 31.9, p < 0.05) were positively associated with objectively-measured sedentary time whereas talking on the phone (vs. none: 'low' β = -38.5, p < 0.01; 'high' -60.2, p < 0.01) and using a computer/internet (vs. none: 'low' β = -30.7, p < 0.05; 'high' -4.2,ns) were negatively associated. Conclusions: Boys and girls and children of different socioeconomic backgrounds engage in different leisure-time sedentary behaviours. Whilst a number of behaviours may be predictive of total sedentary time, collectively they explain little overall variance. Future studies should consider a wide range of sedentary behaviours and incorporate objective measures to quantify sedentary time where possible

New loci for body fat percentage reveal link between adiposity and cardiometabolic disease risk

To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of adiposity and its links to cardiometabolic disease risk, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of body fat percentage (BF%) in up to 100,716 individuals. Twelve loci reached genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10−8), of which eight were previously associated with increased overall adiposity (BMI, BF%) and four (in or near COBLL1/GRB14, IGF2BP1, PLA2G6, CRTC1) were novel associations with BF%. Seven loci showed a larger effect on BF% than on BMI, suggestive of a primary association with adiposity, while five loci showed larger effects on BMI than on BF%, suggesting association with both fat and lean mass. In particular, the loci more strongly associated with BF% showed distinct cross-phenotype association signatures with a range of cardiometabolic traits revealing new insights in the link between adiposity and disease risk

New loci for body fat percentage reveal link between adiposity and cardiometabolic disease risk

To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of adiposity and its links to cardiometabolic disease risk, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of body fat percentage (BF%) in up to 100,716 individuals. Twelve loci reached genome-wide significance (P <5 x 10(-8)), of which eight were previously associated with increased overall adiposity (BMI, BF%) and four (in or near COBLL1/GRB14, IGF2BP1, PLA2G6, CRTC1) were novel associations with BF%. Seven loci showed a larger effect on BF% than on BMI, suggestive of a primary association with adiposity, while five loci showed larger effects on BMI than on BF%, suggesting association with both fat and lean mass. In particular, the loci more strongly associated with BF% showed distinct cross-phenotype association signatures with a range of cardiometabolic traits revealing new insights in the link between adiposity and disease risk.Peer reviewe

Des énergies alternatives efficaces pour le territoire public au nord du 49e parallèle : un partenariat riche pour la collectivité

Affiche présentée dans le cadre du Colloque de l'ARC, «Le partenariat en recherche, sa nature, ses leviers et ses freins, ses limites et ses retombées», lors du 88e Congrès de l'Acfas, le 4 mai 2021.Le projet Par notre PROPRE énergie mobilise seize conseils régionaux de l’environnement (CRE) pour la lutte aux changements climatiques. Le CRE du Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean (CREDD), en collaboration avec le Centre TERRE du cégep de Jonquière, a piloté le projet Des énergies alternatives efficaces pour le territoire public. L’objectif est d’encourager le remplacement des énergies fossiles par des sources plus vertes. Notre échantillon ciblé au nord du 49e parallèle comporte une pourvoirie, une zec et 14 résidences privées. Leur participation a donné accès à une visite du site par des experts, à un rapport personnalisé sur leur consommation d’énergie fossile ainsi qu’à des mesures d’efficacité énergétique et de production d’énergies renouvelables à mettre en place pour réduire leur dépendance au pétrole. Par exemple, l’implantation du scénario proposé pour la pourvoirie diminuerait de 51 % le coût de production de l’électricité sur 25 ans. Avec un taux de pénétration de 65 % d’énergie solaire, des réductions considérables (-78 %) des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) et de la consommation de carburant seraient attendues. Un outil de dimensionnement solaire en ligne a aussi été créé : monchaletvert.com. En plus de favoriser une diminution des émissions de GES, les décideurs ont maintenant une meilleure connaissance des activités émettrices de GES sur leur territoire et peuvent cibler précisément certains enjeux sur lesquels agir

Progression-free survival as a surrogate endpoint for overall survival in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma

Objectives: The goal of the research was to assess the quantitative relationship between median progression-free survival (PFS) and median overall survival (OS) specifically among patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) based on published randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: Two bibliographic databases (PubMed and Embase, 1970–2017) were systematically searched for RCTs in RRMM that reported OS and PFS, followed by an updated search of studies published between 2010 and 2022 in 3 databases (Embase, MEDLINE, and EBM Reviews, 2010–2022). The association between median PFS and median OS was assessed using the nonparametric Spearman rank and parametric Pearson correlation coefficients. Subsequently, the quantitative relationship between PFS and OS was assessed using weighted least-squares regression adjusted for covariates including age, sex, and publication year. Study arms were weighted by the number of patients in each arm. Results: A total of 31 RCTs (56 treatment arms, 10,450 patients with RRMM) were included in the analysis. The average median PFS and median OS were 7.1 months (SD 5.5) and 28.1 months (SD 11.8), respectively. The Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients between median PFS and median OS were 0.80 (P &lt; 0.0001) and 0.79 (P &lt; 0.0001), respectively. In individual treatment arms of RRMM trials, each 1-month increase in median PFS was associated with a 1.72-month (95% CI 1.26–2.17) increase in median OS. Conclusion: Analysis of the relationship between PFS and OS incorporating more recent studies in RRMM further substantiates the use of PFS to predict OS in RRMM.</p