Anteproyecto de construccion de una embarcacion tipica de Chiloe

149 p

BATS DIVERSITY IN THE NAPO-PUTUMAYO-AMAZONAS INTERFLUVIUM, PERU

Los murciélagos son uno de los grupos más diversos de mamíferos en el neotrópico y sus funciones como bioindicadores resaltan su importancia. Es así, que tuvimos el interés de conocer su diversidad, estado de conservación y amenazas en el interfluvio Napo-Putumayo-Amazonas, un sector aún poco explorado de la Amazonía peruana. Para ello sistematizamos estudios de diversas fuentes de información. Encontramos 53 especies de murciélagos, siendo la familia Phyllostomidae y sub familia Stenodermatinae los más representativos. Las especies Artibeus lituratus, Artibeus obscurus, Lophostoma silvicolum, Phyllostomus elongatus, Rhynchonycteris naso y Sturnira tildae se registraron ampliamente en el Putumayo. Los murciélagos frugívoros e insectívoros fueron más diversos que otros grupos de hábitos alimentarios. Se registra a Diclidurus ingens como especie única, en tanto Sturnira ludovici, Artibeus concolor, Cynomops greenhalli, Molossops neglectus y Platyrrhinus angustirostris como especies raras en el área de evaluación. La composición de murciélagos indica en buen estado de conservación, sin embargo, podría verse afectado por las crecientes actividades ilícitas de deforestación. Se requiere la pronta implementación de proyectos compatibles con las potencialidades del área, que garanticen la conservación de estos bosques que son fuente de vida para muchas especies de murciélagos y otras especies de fauna silvestre.Bats are one of the most diverse groups of mammals in the neotropics and their functions as bioindicators underscore their importance. Thus, we studied population diversity, conservation status and threats at the Napo-Putumayo-Amazonas interfluvium, a sector that is still little explored in the Peruvian Amazon. We systematized studies from various sources focusing on the interfluvium. We found 53 species of bats, with the Phyllostomidae family and sub family Stenodermatinae sub family being the most represented. The species Artibeus lituratus, Artibeus obscurus, Lophostoma silvicolum, Phyllostomus elongatus, Rhynchonycteris naso and Sturnira tildae were widely recorded in Putumayo. There was greater diversity of frugivorous and insectivorous bats than bats of other eating habits. Diclidurus ingens is registered as a unique species, while Sturnira ludovici, Artibeus concolor, Cynomops greenhalli, Molossops neglectus and Platyrrhinus angustirostris are rare species. Given that these forests that are a source of life for many bat and other wildlife species, the urgent implementation of forest conservation projects that are compatible with the potentialities of the area are required

Modelación numérica hidrodinámico-hidrológica en zonas de inundación con presencia de infraestructura

Se presenta la modelación numérica computacional de la hidrodinámica superficial e hidrológica de la zona de estudio donde se pretende construir infraestructura para la exploración de hidrocarburos en las márgenes del río Grijalva, México; para ello se muestra el análisis de la información meteorológica, determinando los valores de intensidad de precipitación, temperaturas, evaporación y una estimación de los gastos, correspondiente al año 2014; las zonas de inundación se estimaron con el uso de programas desarrollados en Fortran y Matlab, que resuelven las ecuaciones de Navier-Stokes-Reynolds para flujos a superficie libre y la intensidad de precipitación con la distribución de Gumbel, con parámetros estimados mediante el método de Momentos Ponderados con Probabilidad (MPP), con los cuales, mediante una malla numérica de la topografía, en conjunto con los valores meteorológicos, como condiciones iniciales y forzantes, se determina la magnitud de la inundación del área de estudio, así como la obtención de gastos, velocidades y el funcionamiento hidráulico de las obras de mitigación propuestas para preservar el balance hidrológico del sistema

Revealing the Jet Structure of GRB 030329 with High Resolution Multicolor Photometry

We present multicolor optical observations of the nearby (z=0.1685) GRB 030329 obtained with the same instrumentation over a time period of 6 hours for a total of an unprecedented 475 quasi-simultaneous BVR observations. The achromatic steepening in the optical, which occurs at t~0.7 days, provides evidence for a dynamic transition of the source, and can be most readily explained by models in which the GRB ejecta are collimated into a jet. Since the current state-of-the-art modeling of GRB jets is still flawed with uncertainties, we use these data to critically assess some classes of models that have been proposed in the literature. The data, especially the smooth decline rate seen in the optical afterglow, are consistent with a model in which GRB 030329 was a homogeneous, sharp-edged jet, viewed near its edge interacting with a uniform external medium, or viewed near its symmetry axis with a stratified wind-like external environment. The lack of short timescale fluctuations in the optical afterglow flux down to the 0.5 per cent level puts stringent constraints on possible small scale angular inhomogeneities within the jet or fluctuations in the external density

A structured review of long-term care demand modelling

Long-term care (LTC) represents a significant and substantial proportion of healthcare spends across the globe. Its main aim is to assist individuals suffering with more or more chronic illnesses, disabilities or cognitive impairments, to carry out activities associated with daily living. Shifts in several economic, demographic and social factors have raised concerns surrounding the sustainability of current systems of LTC. Substantial effort has been put into modelling the LTC demand process itself so as to increase understanding of the factors driving demand for LTC and its related services. Furthermore, such modeling efforts have also been used to plan the operation and future composition of the LTC system itself. The main aim of this paper is to provide a structured review of the literature surrounding LTC demand modeling and any such industrial application, whilst highlighting any potential direction for future researchers

Reproductive failure, possible maternal infanticide, and cannibalism in wild moustached tamarins, Saguinus mystax

Maternal infanticide in wild non-human primates has only been reported twice. In this paper, we report a possible new case of infanticide and cannibalism within a series of four successive reproductive failures in wild moustached tamarins, Saguinus mystax. Necropsy and genetic analyses of the corpses enabled us to rule out any pathology, and to determine paternity. The mother was seen biting and then eating the head of its own infant during a period when another female was pregnant and gave birth just 1 month later. Before that, the perpetrator had given birth to twins three times successfully when four to five adult and subadult males were present in the group. Although we do not know for certain that the infant was alive when the mother started biting it, our field observations preceding the event suggest it probably was. The possible infanticide case and the two cases of births and early death of the infants occurred while only two to three adult males were present in the group. This could be the second case of maternal infanticide reported in the genus Saguinus and the similar circumstances suggest a common pattern. We discuss these events in the light of the different functional explanations of infanticide and conclude that parental manipulation was the most likely: the mother could have terminated the investment in offspring that had low chances of survival in a group with low availability of helpers

Experiencias de vinculación universitaria desde la formación, la intervención social y la investigación (Complexus 10)

La edición revela experiencias universitarias que analizan y proponen soluciones a problemas sociales mediante la acción colectiva. Muestra la fusión de saberes académicos, experiencias de diversos actores y esfuerzos de la sociedad que se entretejen para construir un mundo más justo y más humano.ITESO, A.C

Unfolding of the Amyloid β-Peptide Central Helix: Mechanistic Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is associated with formation of amyloid fibrils caused by polymerization of the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), which is a process that requires unfolding of the native helical structure of Aβ. According to recent experimental studies, stabilization of the Aβ central helix is effective in preventing Aβ polymerization into toxic assemblies. To uncover the fundamental mechanism of unfolding of the Aβ central helix, we performed molecular dynamics simulations for wild-type (WT), V18A/F19A/F20A mutant (MA), and V18L/F19L/F20L mutant (ML) models of the Aβ central helix. It was quantitatively demonstrated that the stability of the α-helical conformation of both MA and ML is higher than that of WT, indicating that the α-helical propensity of the three nonpolar residues (18, 19, and 20) is the main factor for the stability of the whole Aβ central helix and that their hydrophobicity plays a secondary role. WT was found to completely unfold by a three-step mechanism: 1) loss of α-helical backbone hydrogen bonds, 2) strong interactions between nonpolar sidechains, and 3) strong interactions between polar sidechains. WT did not completely unfold in cases when any of the three steps was omitted. MA and ML did not completely unfold mainly due to the lack of the first step. This suggests that disturbances in any of the three steps would be effective in inhibiting the unfolding of the Aβ central helix. Our findings would pave the way for design of new drugs to prevent or retard AD

Multimessenger Characterization of Markarian 501 during Historically Low X-Ray and γ-Ray Activity

We study the broadband emission of Mrk 501 using multiwavelength observations from 2017 to 2020 performed with a multitude of instruments, involving, among others, MAGIC, Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT), NuSTAR, Swift, GASP-WEBT, and the Owens Valley Radio Observatory. Mrk 501 showed an extremely low broadband activity, which may help to unravel its baseline emission. Nonetheless, significant flux variations are detected at all wave bands, with the highest occurring at X-rays and very-high-energy (VHE) 3-rays. A significant correlation (>3σ) between X-rays and VHE 3-rays is measured, supporting leptonic scenarios to explain the variable parts of the emission, also during low activity. This is further supported when we extend our data from 2008 to 2020, and identify, for the first time, significant correlations between the Swift X-Ray Telescope and Fermi-LAT. We additionally find correlations between high-energy 3-rays and radio, with the radio lagging by more than 100 days, placing the 3-ray emission zone upstream of the radio-bright regions in the jet. Furthermore, Mrk 501 showed a historically low activity in X-rays and VHE 3-rays from mid-2017 to mid-2019 with a stable VHE flux (>0.2 TeV) of 5% the emission of the Crab Nebula. The broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) of this 2 yr long low state, the potential baseline emission of Mrk 501, can be characterized with one-zone leptonic models, and with (lepto)-hadronic models fulfilling neutrino flux constraints from IceCube. We explore the time evolution of the SED toward the low state, revealing that the stable baseline emission may be ascribed to a standing shock, and the variable emission to an additional expanding or traveling shock. © 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society

Observation of inverse Compton emission from a long γ-ray burst.

Long-duration γ-ray bursts (GRBs) originate from ultra-relativistic jets launched from the collapsing cores of dying massive stars. They are characterized by an initial phase of bright and highly variable radiation in the kiloelectronvolt-to-megaelectronvolt band, which is probably produced within the jet and lasts from milliseconds to minutes, known as the prompt emission1,2. Subsequently, the interaction of the jet with the surrounding medium generates shock waves that are responsible for the afterglow emission, which lasts from days to months and occurs over a broad energy range from the radio to the gigaelectronvolt bands1-6. The afterglow emission is generally well explained as synchrotron radiation emitted by electrons accelerated by the external shock7-9. Recently, intense long-lasting emission between 0.2 and 1 teraelectronvolts was observed from GRB 190114C10,11. Here we report multi-frequency observations of GRB 190114C, and study the evolution in time of the GRB emission across 17 orders of magnitude in energy, from 5 × 10-6 to 1012 electronvolts. We find that the broadband spectral energy distribution is double-peaked, with the teraelectronvolt emission constituting a distinct spectral component with power comparable to the synchrotron component. This component is associated with the afterglow and is satisfactorily explained by inverse Compton up-scattering of synchrotron photons by high-energy electrons. We find that the conditions required to account for the observed teraelectronvolt component are typical for GRBs, supporting the possibility that inverse Compton emission is commonly produced in GRBs