Some aspects on the distribution of radiocarbon dates from the Mesolithic and Neolithic of European Russia

The Stone age chronology for the main regions of European Russia based on radiocarbon dating is presented. The source of information is a database consisting of ali available radiocarbon dates created in the 14C Laboratory at the Institute of the History of Material Culture. Special attention is paid to the correlation of radiocarbon chronology with climatic data obtained by different isotopic methods

Effect of a Temperature Mode of Radiation-thermal Sintering the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Mn-Zn-ferrites

2000NM Mn-Zn-ferrites have been produced by radiation-thermal sintering (RTS). We have studied the effect of RTS on the electromagnetic properties of ferrites. X-ray diffraction have been used to investigate general aspects of phase transformations during the radiation-thermal sintering of green compacts

Effect of a Temperature Mode of Radiation-thermal Sintering the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Mn-Zn-ferrites

2000NM Mn-Zn-ferrites have been produced by radiation-thermal sintering (RTS). We have studied the effect of RTS on the electromagnetic properties of ferrites. X-ray diffraction have been used to investigate general aspects of phase transformations during the radiation-thermal sintering of green compacts

Estimation of loan portfolio risk on the basis of Markov chain model

A change of shares of credits portfolio is described by Markov chain with discrete time. A credit state is determined on as an accessory to some group of credits depending on presence of indebtedness and its terms. We use a model with discrete time and fix the system state through identical time intervals - once a month. It is obvious that the matrix of transitive probabilities is known incompletely. Various approaches to the matrix estimation are studied and methods of forecast the portfolio risk are proposed. The portfolio risk is set as a share of problematic loans. We propose a method to calculate necessary reserves on the base of the considered model. © 2013 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing.German Sci. Found. (DFG) Eur. Sci. Found. (ESF);Natl. Inst. Res. Comput. Sci. Control France (INRIA);DFG Research Center MATHEON;Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics (WIAS);European Patent Offic

Ultrarelativistic electron-hole pairing in graphene bilayer

We consider ground state of electron-hole graphene bilayer composed of two independently doped graphene layers when a condensate of spatially separated electron-hole pairs is formed. In the weak coupling regime the pairing affects only conduction band of electron-doped layer and valence band of hole-doped layer, thus the ground state is similar to ordinary BCS condensate. At strong coupling, an ultrarelativistic character of electron dynamics reveals and the bands which are remote from Fermi surfaces (valence band of electron-doped layer and conduction band of hole-doped layer) are also affected by the pairing. The analysis of instability of unpaired state shows that s-wave pairing with band-diagonal condensate structure, described by two gaps, is preferable. A relative phase of the gaps is fixed, however at weak coupling this fixation diminishes allowing gapped and soliton-like excitations. The coupled self-consistent gap equations for these two gaps are solved at zero temperature in the constant-gap approximation and in the approximation of separable potential. It is shown that, if characteristic width of the pairing region is of the order of magnitude of chemical potential, then the value of the gap in the spectrum is not much different from the BCS estimation. However, if the pairing region is wider, then the gap value can be much larger and depends exponentially on its energy width.Comment: 13 pages with 8 figures; accepted to Eur. Phys. J.

Fenites associated with carbonatite complexes : a review

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.Carbonatites and alkaline-silicate rocks are the most important sources of rare earth elements (REE) and niobium (Nb), both of which are metals imperative to technological advancement and associated with high risks of supply interruption. Cooling and crystallizing carbonatitic and alkaline melts expel multiple pulses of alkali-rich aqueous fluids which metasomatize the surrounding country rocks, forming fenites during a process called fenitization. These alkalis and volatiles are original constituents of the magma that are not recorded in the carbonatite rock, and therefore fenites should not be dismissed during the description of a carbonatite system. This paper reviews the existing literature, focusing on 17 worldwide carbonatite complexes whose attributes are used to discuss the main features and processes of fenitization. Although many attempts have been made in the literature to categorize and name fenites, it is recommended that the IUGS metamorphic nomenclature be used to describe predominant mineralogy and textures. Complexing anions greatly enhance the solubility of REE and Nb in these fenitizing fluids, mobilizing them into the surrounding country rock, and precipitating REE- and Nb-enriched micro-mineral assemblages. As such, fenites have significant potential to be used as an exploration tool to find mineralized intrusions in a similar way alteration patterns are used in other ore systems, such as porphyry copper deposits. Strong trends have been identified between the presence of more complex veining textures, mineralogy and brecciation in fenites with intermediate stage Nb-enriched and later stage REE enriched magmas. However, compiling this evidence has also highlighted large gaps in the literature relating to fenitization. These need to be addressed before fenite can be used as a comprehensive and effective exploration tool.This research has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant No 689909

Modernization Processes and Migration in Russia on the Example of the Southern Ural (1891–1914)

Тимофеев Александр Анатольевич – доцент кафедры отечественной и зарубежной истории, Южно-Уральский государственный университет (Челябинск), e-mail: [email protected]. ORCID 0000-0003-2858-3159. Alexander A. Timofeev – associate professor of the Department of Russian and Foreign History, South Ural State University (Chelyabinsk), e-mail: [email protected]В статье проанализирована роль Транссиба в государственной миграционной политике Рос-сии в конце XIX – начале XX в., связанные с модернизацией экономики и общества. Сделаны выводы о том, что в связи со строительством Великой Сибирской железнодорожной магистрали уси-лилось массовое переселение малоземельных крестьян из центральных районов России в Сибирь, многие из которых оседали на Южном Урале, в основном в городах, и особенно в Челябинске – воротах в сибирский край. В челябинской прессе г. Челябинск описывался как «проходной двор» из Европы в Сибирь. Часть переселенцев оставалась жить в городе. Численность населения поло-сы, расположенной вдоль Транссиба, увеличилась после того, как был проложен Великий Сибирский путь. Происходит рационализация, или, что то же самое, процесс модернизации социальных отношений – и в этом состояло одно из принципиальных изменений природы русского общества, в том числе и на Южном Урале после строительства Сибирской железнодорожной магистрали. В течение изучаемого периода на Южном Урале происходит изменение социальной структуры населения в городах, находящихся на Великом Сибирском железнодорожном пути. Процессы трансформации сословных групп демонстрировали уменьшение доли дворянства, духовенства, купечества, при абсолютном и относительном увеличении крестьянства в городах. Деревенские стереотипы, приносимые крестьянами в города, тормозили процессы социальной модернизации. В рассматриваемый период в России, и на Южном Урале в частности, происходили противоречивые процессы, нарастание неравномерности в динамике различных сегментов общества. Модернизационные процессы на Южном Урале проходили медленно, стабильно, но не успели завершиться к 1914 г. The article analyzes the role of the Transsib in the state migration policy of Russia in the late XIX – early XX centuries, connected with the modernization of the economy and society. Con-clusions are drawn that with regard to the in connection with the construction of the Great Siberian Railway, the mass resettlement of land-poor peasants from the central regions of Russia to Siberia intensified, many of whom settled in the South Urals, mainly in cities, and especially in Chelyabinsk, the gateway to the Siberian region. In the Chelyabinsk press, Chelyabinsk was described as a «gateway» from Europe to Siberia. Some of the settlers remained to live in the city. The population of the strip along the Transsib increased after the Great Siberian Route was laid. There is a rationalization, or, what is the same, the process of modernization of social rela-tions - and this was one of the fundamental changes in the nature of Russian society, including in the South Urals after the construction of the Siberian railway. During the studied period in the South Urals, there is a change in the social structure of the population in cities located on the Great Siberian Railway. The processes of transformation of class groups showed a decrease in the share of the nobility, clergy, merchants, with an absolute and relative increase in the peasantry in the cities. Rural stereotypes brought by peasants to the cities hampered the processes of social modernization. During the period under review, in Russia, and in the South Urals, in particular, there were contradictory processes, an increase in unevenness in the dynamics of various segments of society. The modernization processes taking place in the South Urals proceeded slowly and steadily, but did not manage to be completed by 1914