Sugarcane burning and perspectives for harvesters in Macatuba, São Paulo

A lei nº 11.241/2002 do estado de São Paulo proíbe a queima de cana-de-açúcar pré-colheita devido ao alto impacto que a fumaça desse processo causa na saúde coletiva e no meio ambiente. De modo gradativo, a previsão inicial era de que a proibição fosse efetiva em 2031. Posteriormente, acordo entre governo do Estado e União da Indústria de Cana-de-açúcar (Unica), estabeleceu redução do prazo para 2017. A cana-de-açúcar, quando não queimada, exige muito mais esforço dos cortadores, diminuindo a produtividade do corte manual em comparação às máquinas colheitadeiras. A ausência das queimadas traz benefícios à saúde e ao meio ambiente, no entanto, pouco ainda se sabe a respeito das consequências da mecanização para a mão de obra rural nos canaviais. Este artigo busca analisar esse quadro de incerteza sobre o que ocorrerá do ponto de vista dos cortadores de cana e o reconhecimento das consequências da lei em suas vidas. Durante a safra de cana de 2006, foram aplicados questionários a 40 cortadores de cana, de diferentes idades e gênero, no bairro Jardim América, em Macatuba-SP, em suas casas ou na rua. Perguntas qualitativas e quantitativas que abordavam temas socioeconômicos, de saúde, reconhecimento da lei e perspectivas de trabalho. Os entrevistados apresentaram um dilema entre o ar limpo e a perspectiva de trabalho. Muitos se apresentaram indecisos e sem incentivos a trabalhar em outros setores, apesar de grande parte gostar do local onde vive e se interessar por continuar a trabalhar na agriculturaLaw no. 11241/2002 of the State of São Paulo prohibits sugarcane burning before harvest because of its high environmental and health impacts. Initially, burning should be gradually eliminated by 2031. Later, an agreement between the State Government and the Sugarcane Industry Union reduced this deadline to 2017. Sugarcane harvesting without burning requires more effort and reduces labor productivity, favoring the adoption of mechanical harvest. The absence of burning favors health and the environment; however, little is known about what will happen to harvesters as a consequence of the introduction of mechanical harvesters. This article aims to analyze this picture of uncertainties about what will happen to this population based on their point of view. During the sugarcane harvest period in 2006, questionnaires were administered to 40 harvesters, of different ages and genders, at their homes or on the street, in the Jardim America neighborhood, in Macatuba, State of São Paulo. Questions referred to social and economic aspects of their lives, health, knowledge of the Law and work perspectives. Interviewed workers presented a dilemma between clean air and work perspectives. Many of them do not receive incentives to work in other sectors, in spite of the fact that most of them like the city where they live and are interested in continuing to develop agricultural activitiesProjeto financiado pelo CNPq, como bolsa de Produtividade em Pesquisa 1C e bolsa de Iniciação Científic

Massless versus Kaluza-Klein Gravitons at the LHC

We show that the LHC will be able to differentiate between a four-dimensional model with quantum gravity at ~1 TeV where the (massless) graviton becomes strongly coupled to standard model particles at 1 TeV and brane world type models with a large extra-dimensional volume and massive Kaluza-Klein gravitons. We estimate that the 14 TeV LHC could put a limit of the order of ~5 TeV on the four dimensional Planck mass in a model independent way. Comment: 9 page

Analisis Kinerja Simpang Patung Pahlawan Marilonga Ende

Simpang Patung Pahlawan Marilonga Ende merupakan salah satu simpang yang cukup ramai karena memiliki akses langsung ke pasar Wolowona, dan juga dilalui peregerakan lalu lintas utama dan menerus  yang melalui jalan trans Flores.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kondisi kinerja simpang saat ini. Data yang diperlukan berupa volume lalu lintas dan kondisi lingkungan. Indikator penilaian kinerja simpang berdasarkan pedoman Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (Departemen Pekerjaan Umum, 1997).Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa kinerja simpang Patung Pahlawan Marilonga Ende dalam kondisi batas yang tidak ideal, nilai derajat kejenuhan (DS) sebesar 0,75, tundaan 13,4866 det/smp, dan peluang antrian (QP) 22 % - 45%. Setelah dilakukan upaya pengendalian berupa pengaturan pergerakan kendaraan dan pelarangan penggunaan aktivitas sisi jalan yang berdampak pada hambatan samping menjadi rendah. Kinerja simpang mengalami penurunan, dengan nilai derajat kejenuhan (DS) sebesar 0,31, nilai tundaan 8,1031 det/smp, dan peluang antrian (QP) 5 % - 14%.  Sehingga upaya mempertahankan kinerja simpang melalui pemasangan rambu lalu lintas berupa dilarang melawan arah, dilarang parkir, dan dilarang berhenti merupakan beberapa cara pengendalian yang bisa digunakan untuk mengatasi permasalahan pergerakan lalu lintas yang ada pada simpang Patung Pahlawan Marilonga Ende

Massless versus Kaluza-Klein Gravitons at the LHC

We show that the LHC will be able to differentiate between a four-dimensional model with quantum gravity at ~1 TeV where the (massless) graviton becomes strongly coupled to standard model particles at 1 TeV and brane world type models with a large extra-dimensional volume and massive Kaluza-Klein gravitons. We estimate that the 14 TeV LHC could put a limit of the order of ~5 TeV on the four dimensional Planck mass in a model independent way.Comment: 9 page

Massless versus Kaluza-Klein gravitons at the LHC

We show that the LHC will be able to differentiate between a four-dimensional model with quantum gravity at {approx} 1 TeV where the (massless) graviton becomes strongly coupled to standard model particles at 1 TeV and brane world type models with a large extra-dimensional volume and massive Kaluza-Klein gravitons. We estimate that the 14 TeV LHC could put a limit of the order of {approx} 5 TeV on the four dimensional Planck mass in a model independent way

30 anos do Estatuto da criança e do adolescente: a proteção integral sob a ótica do direito e do processo do trabalho

- Divulgação dos SUMÁRIOS das obras recentemente incorporadas ao acervo da Biblioteca Ministro Oscar Saraiva do STJ. Em respeito à Lei de Direitos Autorais, não disponibilizamos a obra na íntegra.- Localização na estante: 347.64(81) T833

Variations of training load, monotony, and strain and dose-response relationships with maximal aerobic speed, maximal oxygen uptake, and isokinetic strength in professional soccer players

This study aimed to identify variations in weekly training load, training monotony, and training strain across a 10-week period (during both, pre- and in-season phases); and to analyze the dose-response relationships between training markers and maximal aerobic speed (MAS), maximal oxygen uptake, and isokinetic strength. Twenty-seven professional soccer players (24.9±3.5 years old) were monitored across the 10-week period using global positioning system units. Players were also tested for maximal aerobic speed, maximal oxygen uptake, and isokinetic strength before and after 10 weeks of training. Large positive correlations were found between sum of training load and extension peak torque in the right lower limb (r = 0.57, 90%CI[0.15;0.82]) and the ratio agonist/antagonist in the right lower limb (r = 0.51, [0.06;0.78]). It was observed that loading measures fluctuated across the period of the study and that the load was meaningfully associated with changes in the fitness status of players. However, those magnitudes of correlations were small-to-large, suggesting that variations in fitness level cannot be exclusively explained by the accumulated load and loading profile

Correction to: Determinant Roles of Dendritic Cell-expressed Notch Delta-like and Jagged Ligands on Anti-tumor T-cell Immunity

Background: Notch intercellular communication instructs tissue-specific T-cell development and function. In this study, we explored the roles of dendritic cell (DC)-expressed Notch ligands in the regulation of T-cell effector function. Methods: We generated mice with CD11c lineage-specific deletion of Notch Delta-like ligand (Dll)1 and Jagged (Jag)2. Using these genetically-ablated mice and engineered pharmacological Notch ligand constructs, the roles of various Delta-like and Jagged ligands in the regulation of T-cell-mediated immunity were investigated. We assessed tumor growth, mouse survival, cytokine production, immunophenotyping of myeloid and lymphoid populations infiltrating the tumors, expression of checkpoint molecules and T-cell function in the experimental settings of murine lung and pancreatic tumors and cardiac allograft rejection. Correlative studies were also performed for the expression of NOTCH ligands, NOTCH receptors and PD-1 on various subsets of myeloid and lymphoid cells in tumor-infiltrating immune cells analyzed from primary human lung cancers. Results: Mice with CD11c lineage-specific deletion of Notch ligand gene Dll1, but not Jag2, exhibited accelerated growth of lung and pancreatic tumors concomitant with decreased antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell functions and effector-memory (Tem) differentiation. Increased IL-4 but decreased IFN-γ production and elevated populations of T-regulatory and myeloid-derived suppressor cells were observed in Dll1-ablated mice. Multivalent clustered DLL1-triggered Notch signaling overcame DC Dll1 deficiency and improved anti-tumor T-cell responses, whereas the pharmacological interference by monomeric soluble DLL1 construct suppressed the rejection of mouse tumors and cardiac allograft. Moreover, monomeric soluble JAG1 treatment reduced T-regulatory cells and improved anti-tumor immune responses by decreasing the expression of PD-1 on CD8+ Tem cells. A significant correlation was observed between DC-expressed Jagged and Delta-like ligands with Tem-expressed PD-1 and Notch receptors, respectively, in human lung tumor-infiltrates.Conclusion: Our data show the importance of specific expression of Notch ligands on DCs in the regulation of Tcell effector function. Thus, strategies incorporating selectively engineered Notch ligands could provide a novel approach of therapeutics for modulating immunity in various immunosuppressive conditions including cancer. Keywords: Delta-like notch ligands, Jagged, Notch receptors, Lung carcinoma, Tumor infiltrating immune cells, Heart allograft rejection, Dendritic cells, CD8 T-cells, Regulatory T-cells, Cancer immunotherap

GPS phase scintillation at high latitudes during geomagnetic storms of 7-17 March 2012, part 2: interhemispheric comparison

During the ascending phase of solar cycle 24, a series of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) in the period 7–17 March 2012 caused geomagnetic storms that strongly affected high-latitude ionosphere in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. GPS phase scintillation was observed at northern and southern high latitudes by arrays of GPS ionospheric scintillation and TEC monitors (GISTMs) and geodetic-quality GPS receivers sampling at 1 Hz. Mapped as a function of magnetic latitude and magnetic local time (MLT), the scintillation was observed in the ionospheric cusp, the tongue of ionization fragmented into patches, sun-aligned arcs in the polar cap, and nightside auroral oval and subauroral latitudes. Complementing a companion paper (Prikryl et al., 2015a) that focuses on the high latitude ionospheric response to variable solar wind in the North American sector, interhemispheric comparison reveals commonalities as well as differences and asymmetries between the northern and southern high latitudes, as a consequence of the coupling between the solar wind and magnetosphere. The interhemispheric asymmetries are caused by the dawn–dusk component of the interplanetary magnetic field controlling the MLT of the cusp entry of the storm enhanced density plasma into the polar cap and the orientation relative to the noon–midnight meridian of the tongue of ionization