Ethyl 7-oxo-3,5-diphenyl-1,4-diazepane-2-carboxyl­ate

The title compound, C20H22N2O3, crystallizes with two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. In both mol­ecules, the diazepane rings adopt chair conformations. The mean planes of the diazepane rings in the two molecules form dihedral angles of 71.6 (4)/40.3 (5) and 75.9 (5)/58.6 (7)° with the neighbouring benzene rings. The carbonyl-group O atoms deviate significantly from the diazepane rings, by 0.685 (14) and 0.498 (13) Å. The eth­oxy­carbonyl groups show conformational difference between two mol­ecules, as reflected in the orientation of the carbonyl O atoms and the C—C—O—C torsion angle of −179.0 (2)° in one mol­ecule and 73.2 (2)° in the other. In one molecule there is a short N—H⋯O contact that generates an S(5) ring motif. In the crystal, N—H⋯O inter­actions generate R 2 2(8) graph-set motifs and C—H⋯O inter­actions generate R 2 2(10) and R 2 2(14) graph-set motifs. C—H⋯π inter­actions also occur

Experimental Analysis of Surface Roughness and Tool Wear in Machining Process of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic Composites

The purpose of the present work is to analyze surface finish and tool wear on Glass fiber–reinforced plastic composites in turning operation faced out by the manufactures. In machining processes, maximum surface finish and less tool wear are important factors influencing the quality of the surface, tool life, and production output. Thus, the selection of tool and optimizing machining parameters are essential for perfect machining. Machining of GFRP material is difficult to carry out due to its anisotropic properties and non-homogeneous structure. The surface finish and tool wear with different parameters viz. speed, feed, depth of cut, fiber orientation and diameter of fiber should be taken very carefully during turning operation to optimize the desirable machining parameters for best quality as well as productivity

IMPACT OF CONTINUOUS PATIENT COUNSELLING ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES AND MEDICATION ADHERENCE OF DIABETIC PATIENTS ATTENDING OUTPATIENT PHARMACY SERVICES

ABSTRACTObjective: The morbidity and morbidity associated with diabetes can be drastically reduced by the knowledge about diabetes mellitus and appropriateattitude toward the disease. A study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) and medication adherence patternsof diabetic patients and effect of pharmacist‑led patient education on KAP and medication adherence patterns in these patients.Methods: 400 diabetic patients of either sex, aged above 18 years were divided randomly into two groups of 200 each as control and the interventiongroups. At the baseline, patients in both the groups were assessed for KAP using KAP Questionnaire and medication adherence using MoriskyAdherence Questionnaire. Patients in the intervention group were counseled both verbally and by distribution of a patient education leaflets at baselineand at three consecutive follow‑ups (1st, 2nd, and 3 months), and patients in the control group were counseled both verbally and by distribution ofpatient education leaflets at the baseline and then on the follow‑up after 3 months. Both the groups were assessed repeatedly for KAP and medicationadherence using same questionnaires after each counseling sessions. The mean scores of KAP and medication adherence, and the fasting blood sugarlevels (FBS) at the baseline and on the follow‑up for control and the intervention groups were analyzed statistically using independent sample t‑testand Mann–Whitney U‑test.rdResults: Of 200 patients in each group, 178 females and 22 males in the intervention group (mean age 57.80±9.878 years) and 179 females and21 males in the control group (mean age 57.57±9.438 years). A statistically significant improvement in the mean KAP and adherence scores wasobserved from the baseline to the final follow‑up in both groups (p≤0.001). The increase in the KAP and medication adherence scores from baselineto the follow‑up in the intervention group was found to be significantly higher than the control group. There was a reduction in the mean FBS frombaseline to the follow‑up in both the groups but a statistically significant higher reduction in the mean FBS was found in the intervention group frombaseline to the final follow‑up when compared to the control group (p < 0.001).Conclusion: A better KAP of diabetic patients about their disease can improve the medication adherence behavior which in turn can improve clinicaloutcomes. The patient education should be a continuous process, and patients should be assessed at every subsequent visit for medication adherenceto achieve better health outcome.Keywords: Diabetes, Adherence, Knowledge, attitude and practices, Patient education

Subcortical structural abnormalities in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME): MR volumetry and vertex based analysis

AbstractPurposeImaging studies in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) have shown abnormalities of the thalamus and frontal cortex. The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the morphological changes in the deep gray matter (GM) structures using techniques of voxel based morphometry (VBM), MR volumetry and shape analysis.MethodologyThe study included 40 patients with JME (M:F=21:19; age 22.8±5.3 years) and 19 matched controls (M:F=13:6; age 24.5±4.2 years). All subjects underwent MRI using standard protocol that included T1-3D TFE (Turbo Field Echo) images with 1mm thickness. VBM analysis and MR volumetry were performed. The volumes of deep subcortical GM structures were extracted and vertex-wise shape analysis was performed using FSL-FIRST (FSL-Integrated Registration and Segmentation Toolbox) software.ResultsVBM analysis with a thalamic mask revealed focal thalamic alterations in the anteromedial aspect of the thalamus (p<0.05, false discovery rate (FDR) corrected) which remained significant after adjusting for age, gender and intracranial volume (ICV). Significant volume loss was noted in both the thalami. Vertex-wise shape analysis showed significant focal surface reductions in the thalami bilaterally in patients that were predominantly seen in the medial as well as lateral aspects of the thalamus (p<0.05, FDR corrected). The disease duration correlated with left hippocampus volume while age of onset correlated with right hippocampus volume.ConclusionsThis study confirms the presence of thalamic alterations in patients with JME. Shape analysis technique provided complementary information and disclosed the presence of focal atrophic changes in patients’ thalami. The striatum and hippocampus did not show any significant alterations

IMPACT OF PHARMACIST LED ANTICOAGULATION MONITORING AND PATIENT EDUCATION ON ORAL ANTICOAGULATION THERAPY WITH ACENOCOUMAROL

  Objective: Acenocoumarol is anoral anticoagulant with narrow therapeutic index, and the ideal dose of anticoagulation lies between International normalized ratio (INR) values of 2.0 and 3.5. Lack of monitoring and knowledge on acenocoumarol therapy may compromise patient's safety resulting in under- or over-anticoagulation. A study was conducted to monitor for the safety of anticoagulation therapy, achievement of goal INR levels and to assess the impact of pharmacist led anticoagulation monitoring and patient education on the rational use of acenocoumarol in patients admitted in cardiology wards with thromboembolic disorders.Methods: The study was conducted in 70 patients; data collection was done, prescriptions were analyzed for drug-drug interactions and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Patients' knowledge on acenocoumarol therapy was assessed using a self-developed questionnaire at the baseline, then were subjected to a detailed patient education and on an average each patient received three sessions of education. They were again made to answer the same questionnaire on the day of discharge. The mean score of the responses before and after education was compared statistically using Wilcoxon signed rank test and McNemar test.Results: There were 60% patients under anticoagulated with the INR range of &gt;2.0. 123 drug interactions were observed in 58 patients, on an average of 2 interactions per prescription, but no ADRs were observed. 59 patients (84.3%) showed significant overall improvement in knowledge on anticoagulation therapy following education.Conclusion: This study implies the role of clinical pharmacists in achieving better clinical outcomes in patients receiving oral anticoagulation therapy with acenocoumarol

Ethyl 2-(7-oxo-3,5-diphenyl-1,4-diaze­pan-2-yl)acetate

In the title compound, C21H24N2O3, the diazepane ring adopts a chair conformation. The central diazepane ring forms dihedral angles 67.80 (7) and 72.29 (5)° with the two benzene rings. The eth­oxy­carbonyl group is disordered over two conformations with site-occupancy factors of 0.643 (5) and 0.357 (5). In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate R 2 2(8) loops

Evaluation of an Antimicrobial L-Amino Acid Oxidase and Peptide Derivatives from Bothropoides mattogrosensis Pitviper Venom

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The prevalence of bacterial resistance to common antibiotics has increased in recent years, highlighting the need to develop novel alternatives for controlling these pathogens. Pitviper venoms are composed of a multifaceted mixture of peptides, proteins and inorganic components. L-amino oxidase (LAO) is a multifunctional enzyme that is able to develop different activities including antibacterial activity. In this study a novel LAO from Bothrops mattogrosensis (BmLAO) was isolated and biochemically characterized. Partial enzyme sequence showed full identity to Bothrops pauloensis LAO. Moreover, LAO here isolated showed remarkable antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, clearly suggesting a secondary protective function. Otherwise, no cytotoxic activities against macrophages and erythrocytes were observed. Finally, some LAO fragments (BmLAO-f1, BmLAO-f2 and BmLAO-f3) were synthesized and further evaluated, also showing enhanced antimicrobial activity. Peptide fragments, which are the key residues involved in antimicrobial activity, were also structurally studied by using theoretical models. The fragments reported here may be promising candidates in the rational design of new antibiotics that could be used to control resistant microorganisms

The Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides as Biocides

Antimicrobial peptides constitute a diverse class of naturally occurring antimicrobial molecules which have activity against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. Antimicrobial peptides are exciting leads in the development of novel biocidal agents at a time when classical antibiotics are under intense pressure from emerging resistance, and the global industry in antibiotic research and development stagnates. This review will examine the potential of antimicrobial peptides, both natural and synthetic, as novel biocidal agents in the battle against multi-drug resistant pathogen infections

Combustion Characteristics of CI Engine Using Karanja Biodiesel Blends as Fuel

ABSTRACT: Karanja based bio-diesel is a non-edible, biodegradable fuel suitable for diesel engines. Karanja biodiesel has been prepared by transesterification method. Biodiesel-diesel blends have been prepared on volume basis. Physical properties of Karanja biodiesel, diesel and its blends have been determined. An experimental investigation has been carried out to analyze combustion characteristics of a single cylinder, VCR diesel engine fuelled with Karanja biodiesel and its blends (10%, 20%, 30%, 50% and 75%) with neat diesel. A series of engine tests, with CR 16.5, 17.5 and 18.5 have been conducted using each of the above blends for comparative evaluation. Combustion parameters such as ignition delay, peak pressure development, heat release rate analysis of engine have been studied. The results of the experiment in each case have been compared with baseline data of neat diesel. Ignition delays of bio-diesel blends are lower than that of diesel; peak pressure takes place definitely after TDC for safe and efficient operation. Comparable rate of pressure rise obtained is indicative of stable and noise free operation of CI engines with karanja biodiesel blends. B10 is suitable alternative fuel for diesel at slightly higher CR can be used without any engine modifications