Role of Nitrogen on Growth and Seed Yield of Soybean and a New Fertilization Technique to Promote Nitrogen Fixation and Seed Yield

Soybean is an important crop for human food and feed for livestock. World soybean production is increasing especially in North and South America. Soybean seeds contain a high percentage of protein about 35–40%, and they require a large amount of nitrogen compared with other crops. Soybean plants make root nodules with rhizobia, and rhizobia can fix atmospheric N2 and give the fixed N to the host soybean plants. Also, soybean can absorb nitrogen usually nitrate from soil or fertilizers. The amount of total assimilated nitrogen in shoot is proportional to the soybean seed yield either from nitrogen fixation or from nitrogen absorption, and the nitrogen availability is very important for soybean cultivation. Maintenance of a high and long-term nitrogen fixation activity is very important for a high production of soybean. However, application of chemical nitrogen fertilizers usually depresses nodule formation and nitrogen fixation. Nitrate in direct contact with a nodulated part of roots causes severe inhibition of nodule growth and nitrogen fixation, although a distant part of nodules from nitrate application gives no or little effect. Deep placement of slow-release nitrogen fertilizers, coated urea, or lime nitrogen promoted the growth and seed yield and quality of soybean without depressing nitrogen fixation

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative sars-cov-2 infection: An international cohort study

Background The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (740%) had emergency surgery and 280 (248%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (261%) patients. 30-day mortality was 238% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (512%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 380% (219 of 577), accounting for 817% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 175 [95% CI 128-240], p<00001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (230 [165-322], p<00001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3-5 versus grades 1-2 (235 [157-353], p<00001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (155 [101-239], p=0046), emergency versus elective surgery (167 [106-263], p=0026), and major versus minor surgery (152 [101-231], p=0047). Interpretation Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

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Not AvailableBambusatulda commonly known as Mirtinga or jatibaans is an evergreen or deciduous, tufted, gregarious bamboo. In India the species is distributed in Assam, Bihar, Meghalya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura. The species is also being cultivated in tarai region of U.P. and Uttarakhand and occupies a prime position in the local economy, ecology and society of Boksa and Tharu tribes and Bengali communities. B. tulda flowers both sporadic and gregariously with the 30-50 years of flowering cycle. Precocious flowering with viable seeding was also observed at the seedling stage (18-month age) of this species (Banik 1980)Not Availabl

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Not AvailableBamboos serve as multipurpose forest grass species. The success of bamboo as a commercially important forage species depends on the identification of genetically divergent materials of the plant and developing superior planting stock for the farmers. The phylogeny plays a crucial role in the evolution of species and superior germplasm. Twenty-two species of bamboo were evaluated for genetic diversity characterization through SDS-PAGE analysis. Based on electrophoretic pattern, banding pattern was established for 22 species.Also,on genetic diversity analysis,22 species of bamboo were grouped into four clusters.Cluster IIBb had maximum number of species(9),cluster IIBa and cluster IIAb had four species each, whereas,Cluster IIAa and cluster IA had maximum of two and three species respectively. UPGMA (Unweighed Paired Group Mean Cluster Analysis) inferred that among Bambusa genera; speciesB.bambusa,B.multiplex, B. vulgaris, B. balcooa, B. tulda, B. nutans, B. polymorpha, B. nutans and B. pallida and among Dendrocalamus species D.hamiltonii, D. giganteus, D. membraneceous and D. longispathus were genetically similar having Jaccard's similarity coefficient ranged from 0.80-1.00.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIndia especially in and around Dehra Dun. It is one of the year April 2006 (Figure 1). The growth characters of the widely cultivated homestead species in Tripura, Assam, selected mother clump are given in Table 1. Orissa, West Bengal of India and Bangladesh and one of Three offsets of the selected mother plant were the commercial species of Thailand. There are many transported from Bilaspur and were planted and flowering records for different years from 1893, established in germplasm garden of G.B. Pant University authentic gregarious flowering reports after 1840 are for of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. In the year the years 1894-96, 1966, 1979-80 and 1987-88 2008, a culm was harvested from the 2-year old (Seethalakshmi and Kumar, 1998). Apart from sporadic established mother plant for making culm cuttings for flowering, the bamboo seems to flower gregariously further multiplication. The culms were cut into 3 nodal after 35 years and at least two separate flowering cycles segments. Cuttings were treated with 500 ppm IBA are involved. solution and were placed in sand propagation beds in Germplasm garden for bamboo was established at nursery for rooting. Misting was provided to the cuttings. Agroforestry Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Sprouting (40 per cent was observed after 12 days). The Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The germplasm twigs produced in culm cutting also flowered within a garden mainly aims at identification and centralizing week (10 per cent). No rooting was observed in all culm better mother plants of bamboo. For centralizing plus cuttings and so could not survive. Simultaneously it was clumps, regular exploration visits are being made since also observed that the newly established clump in the 2005. In one such survey, one candidate plus clump (CPC) germplasm garden from where the cuttings wereNot Availabl

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Not AvailableBamboos serve as multipurpose forest grass species. The success of bamboo as a commercially important forage species depends on the identification of genetically divergent materials of the plant and developing superior planting stock for the farmers. The phylogeny plays a crucial role in the evolution of species and superior germplasm. Twenty-two species of bamboo were evaluated for genetic diversity characterization through SDS-PAGE analysis. Based on electrophoretic pattern, banding pattern was established for 22 species.Also,on genetic diversity analysis,22 species of bamboo were grouped into four clusters.Cluster IIBb had maximum number of species(9),cluster IIBa and cluster IIAb had four species each, whereas,Cluster IIAa and cluster IA had maximum of two and three species respectively. UPGMA (Unweighed Paired Group Mean Cluster Analysis) inferred that among Bambusa genera; speciesB.bambusa,B.multiplex, B. vulgaris, B. balcooa, B. tulda, B. nutans, B. polymorpha, B. nutans and B. pallida and among Dendrocalamus species D.hamiltonii, D. giganteus, D. membraneceous and D. longispathus were genetically similar having Jaccard's similarity coefficient ranged from 0.80-1.00.Not Availabl