Study of the urban heat island (UHI) using remote sensing data/techniques: a systematic review.

Urban Heat Islands (UHI) consist of the occurrence of higher temperatures in urbanized areas when compared to rural areas. During the warmer seasons, this effect can lead to thermal discomfort, higher energy consumption, and aggravated pollution effects. The application of Remote Sensing (RS) data/techniques using thermal sensors onboard satellites, drones, or aircraft, allow for the estimation of Land Surface Temperature (LST). This article presents a systematic review of publications in Scopus andWeb of Science (WOS) on UHI analysis using RS data/techniques and LST, from 2000 to 2020. The selection of articles considered keywords, title, abstract, and when deemed necessary, the full text. The process was conducted by two independent researchers and 579 articles, published in English, were selected. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. Cfa climate areas are the most represented, as the Northern Hemisphere concentrates the most studied areas, especially in Asia (69.94%); Landsat products were the most applied to estimates LST (68.39%) and LULC (55.96%); ArcGIS (30.74%) was most used software for data treatment, and correlation (38.69%) was the most applied statistic technique. There is an increasing number of publications, especially from 2016, and the transversality of UHI studies corroborates the relevance of this topic.This work was funded by National Funds through the FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology and FEDER, under the projects UIDB/04683/2020 and PT2020 Program for financial support to CIMO UIDB/00690/2020. This work was funded by National Funds through the FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology and FEDER, under the projects UIDB/04683/2020 and PT2020 Program for financial support to CIMO UIDB/00690/2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

QGIS approach to extract fluvial terraces for archaeological purposes using remote sensing data

Fluvial terraces, normally defining flattened surfaces are significant geomorphic features that explains the presence of rivers at high altitudes and constitute the remains of the old river along the valley. In Iberia, many of these terraces preserve Paleolithic artifacts and document the presence of the first human communities. Nowadays, the increasing use of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) provides the opportunity to analyze and test different approaches to study these geomorphological features. According to the literature, several algorithms from open source GIS software have been used, such as Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) GIS. In the recent versions, QGIS, a GIS open source software, is integrated with several algorithms from other software, such as GRASS GIS, System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA), Orfeo-ToolBox (OTB), among others. Therefore, the procedures used to extract and identify fluvial terraces can be performed using QGIS software. The objective of this work was to combine Remote Sensing data and GIS algorithms in QGIS to identify fluvial terraces in order to support archaeological prospection of Paleolithic artifacts along the Minho River (Portugal border). Different data were used such as Digital Surface Model (DSM), slope derived from DSM, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) map derived from Sentinel 2A images (summer), Land Use Land Cover (LULC) derived from Corine Land Cover (CLC) and hydrological data from Minho valley. The method proposed allowed the definition of a fluvial staircase considering several terraces levels along the Minho valley. The data used were in WGS84 UTM zone 29 (EPSG:32629) and the spatial resolution adopted was 10 meters. Different scenarios were tested and the results were validated considering in situ measurements, in order to find the best weight associated to each parameter

Remote sensing image-based analysis of the urban heat island effect in Bragança, Portugal

Urban Heat Islands increase surface temperatures which impact the health and well-being of urban populations. Radiative forcing is impacted by changes to the land surface associated with urbanization that are particularly significant immediately after sunset. This paper aimed to analyze the behavior of UHI in different Local Climate Zones (LCZ) in Bragança city (Portugal), using Air Temperature (Ta), satellite images (Landsat 8), and on-site data. The methodology included a seasonal approach, integrating data with different scales (spatial, radiometric, and spectral) and qualitative and quantitative analyses. Google Earth Engine (GEE) optimized the processing time and computation requirement to generate the Land Surface Temperature (LST) maps. The integration of data with different scales corroborated the complementation of information/analysis and detected the correlation between the Ta and LST. However, the identification of the UHI was compromised due to the time of the passage of Landsat 8, and it was identified as the Urban Cool Island (UCI), a complementary effect of UHI, supporting the results of previous studies and for the use of Remote Sensing (RS) for thermal effects analysis.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER for financial support through national funds under the projects UIDB/04683/2020, FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020 and UIDP/00690/2020) and SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2020).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE CUATRO PLUGINS DE QGIS PARA LA CREACIÓN DE MAPAS WEB

QGIS es un software gratuito y de código abierto que permite visualizar, editar y analizar datos georreferenciados. Es un software de Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) compuesto por herramientas que permiten manipular la información geográfica y crear mapas que ayuden a obtener una mejor comprensión y organización de los datos geoespaciales. Desafortunadamente, los mapas que se crean directamente en el software de escritorio GIS no se pueden transferir automáticamente a un sitio web. Por lo tanto, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo comparar las capacidades de publicación en complementos de QGIS, y crear mapas web. El estudio analiza cuatro plugins de QGIS (QGIS2Web, QGIS Cloud, GIS Cloud Publisher y Mappia Publisher), realizando una comparativa entre ellos, considerando sus ventajas y desventajas, los planes gratuitos y de suscripción, las herramientas que ofrece cada plugin y otros aspectos genéricos. Los cuatro complementos se probaron en un caso de estudio específico para obtener automáticamente los diferentes mapas web. Este estudio podría ayudar a los usuarios a elegir las herramientas más adecuadas para publicar mapas web en el software QGIS.//QGIS is a free and open-source software that allows viewing, editing, and analyzing georeferenced data. It is a Geographic Information System (GIS) software composed by tools that allow to manipulate geographic information and consequently to create maps which help to get a better understanding and organization of geospatial data. Unfortunately, maps created directly in the GIS desktop software are not automatically transferred to a website. This research aimed to compare publishing capabilities in different QGIS plugins to create Web Maps. This study analyzes four QGIS plugins (QGIS2Web, QGIS Cloud, GIS Cloud Publisher and Mappia Publisher), performing a comparison between them, considering their advantages and disadvantages, the free and subscription plans, the tools offered by each plugin and other generic aspects. The four plugins were tested in a specific case study to automatically obtain differentWeb Maps. This study could help users to choose the most adequate tools to publishWeb Maps under QGIS software

Remote sensing technologies for the assessment of marine and coastal ecosystems

Abstract This chapter reviews the Remote Sensing (RS) technologies that are particularly appropriate for marine and coastal ecosystem research and management. RS techniques are used to perform analysis of water quality in coastal water bodies; to identify, characterize and analyze river plumes; to extract estuarine/coastal sandy bodies; to identify beach features/patterns; and to evaluate the changes and integrity (health) of the coastal lagoon habitats. For effective management of these ecosystems, it is essential to have satellite data available and complementary accurate information about the current state of the coastal regions, in addition to well-informed forecasts about its future state. In recent years, the use of space, air and ground-based RS strategies has allowed for the rapid data collection, Image processing (Pixel-Based and Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) classification) and dissemination of such information to reduce vulnerability to natural hazards, anthropic pressures, and to monitoring essential ecological processes, life support systems and biological diversityinfo:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersio

NDVI and LST extraction of MODIS data under a GIS open source application - Rickettsia study case in Angola

Fevers of unknown origin can have different aetiologies. The overlapping symptomatology of rickettsial infection and other endemic diseases that cause fever leads to a misdiagnosis or under-diagnosis of spotted fever group of Rickettsia (SFGR). To better understand the epidemiology of this vector-borne disease in Angola, a comprehensive seroprevalence study was conducted investigating the exposure to SFGR in a sample of 92 febrile, Malaria and Yellow Fever negative human plasma specimen, collected to the study of the national surveillance of febrile syndromes between 2016 and 2017, in Angola. The seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SFG Rickettsia in humans was calculated by gender, and aimag (province). All data were analyzed through a logistic regression. Spatial data sources included Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) products by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The main objective of this work was the development of a GIS open source application to automatize the extraction of LST and NDVI products from MODIS images. The application was created as a simple graphic interface composed by two input fields (the text file with the coordinates of the sampling points (in sinusoidal coordinate system and the folder with the MODIS images), the field to define the buffer distance, and the output file. The application was tested considering MOD11A1 (LST product), MOD13Q1 and MYD13Q1 (NDVI product), free download from the USGS. QGIS 2.18.17 was used for geospatial operations and Python language was employed for the development of the GIS open source application under QGIS software. The process includes the circumscription of the major clusters where human data were collected. Then, a convex hull (minimum convex bounding geometry) was created around each sampling site with a 10 km buffer zone to accommodate the mobility among the nomadic people being samples. Counts of seropositive and seronegative humans were calculated within each of these sampling clusters along with the mean, maximum, and minimum values of NDVI and LST, and percent area of each land cover class. The application was tested in a set of 92 points in Angola and a buffer of 10 km considering the Universal transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 33S projection (EPSG:32733) was applied for each point. The LST and NDVI statistical values were extracted for each sampling cluster. Variations in ecological niches, abundance of vegetation and land surface temperature, for ticks and fleas between different provinces could be in part responsible for the geographic differences in seroprevalence observed with SFGR

Relações familiares, cognições disfuncionais e problemas emocionais e comportamentais dos filhos

Family relationships are extremely important for human development and may act as either protective or risk factors for the emergence of dysfunctional cognitions and emotional and behavioral problems (EBP). This study aimed to investigate the relationships between perception of family conflict and affectivity, dysfunctional cognitions, and the EBP of 371 adolescents aged 11 to 16 years, as well as the mediating role played by dysfunctional cognitions in the relationship between family perception and EBP. Data were collected at the participants’ schools using self-report instruments. Analyses of correlation, between-group comparison, and regression were conducted. The perception of family conflict had an indirect and significant effect on most of the EBP, with dysfunctional cognitions presenting a partial mediation role. Family affectivity had a less significant effect on the EBP and was totally mediated by cognition.Las relaciones familiares son extremadamente importantes en el desarrollo humano y pueden actuar como factores protectores o de riesgo para la emergencia de cogniciones disfuncionales y problemas emocionales y de comportamiento (PEC). El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar las relaciones entre las percepciones del conflicto y de la afectividad familiares sobre las cogniciones disfuncionales y los PEC de 371 adolescentes de 11 a 16 años, así como el papel mediador de las cogniciones disfuncionales en la relación entre la percepción familiar y los PEC. Los datos se recolectaron en las escuelas de los participantes, utilizando instrumentos de autoinforme. Se realizaron análisis de correlación, de comparación entre grupos y de regresión. La percepción sobre el conflicto familiar tuvo un efecto indirecto y significativo en la mayoría de los PEC, teniendo las cogniciones disfuncionales el papel de mediación parcial. La afectividad familiar tuvo un efecto menos significativo y totalmente mediado por las cogniciones.As relações familiares são de extrema importância no desenvolvimento humano, podendo atuar como fatores de proteção ou de risco para o surgimento de cognições disfuncionais e de problemas emocionais e comportamentais (PEC). O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar as relações entre a percepção de conflito e de afetividade familiares, as cognições disfuncionais e os PEC de 371 adolescentes de 11 a 16 anos, além do papel mediador das cognições na relação entre a percepção de família e os PEC. Os dados foram coletados nas escolas dos participantes, por meio de instrumentos de autorrelato. Foram conduzidas análises de correlação, de comparação entre grupos e de regressão. A percepção de conflito familiar apresentou efeito indireto e significativo sobre a maioria dos PEC, tendo as cognições disfuncionais papel de mediação parcial. A afetividade familiar apresentou efeito menos significativo e totalmente mediado pelas cognições

A LCT pegmatite spectral library of the aldeia spodumene deposit: contributes to mineral exploration

Several methodologies can be employed in the prospection of Lithium (Li) in hard-rock (pegmatites). Spectrometry analysis, a Remote Sensing (RS) technique, can be applied to understand the surface spectral response of a sample, both to identify the rock-forming or alteration minerals in its composition and to validate the data collected in situ (by sensors onboard satellites/drones, for example). This paper aims to make available for public use the information acquired on the spectral composition of rock samples from the Barroso pegmatite field in Portugal, within the scope of the INOVMINERAL4.0 project. As a result, a spectral library was created with 47 spectra, collected from 11 different samples. All data is made available in a universal format, thus contributing to open science, corroborating the validation of local spectral data, and stimulating the creation of other databases, in other locations.The authors acknowledge the support provided by Portuguese National Funds through the FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. (Portugal) projects UIDB/04683/2020 and UIDP/04683/2020 (Institute of Earth Sciences); through ANI and COMPETE 2020 as well as European funds through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) with POCI-01-0247-FEDER- 046083 INOVMINERAL project. The authors also thank Savannah Resources PLC for access to the Aldeia pegmatite and for providing the samples used in this study. Cátia Rodrigues de Almeida and Douglas Santos were financially supported by Portuguese national funds through FCT (Grant: PRT/BD/153518/2021, Grant: UI/BD/154412/2023, respectively).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

NDVI and LST extraction of MODIS data under a GIS open source application - Rickettsia study case in Angola

Fevers of unknown origin can have different aetiologies. The overlapping symptomatology of rickettsial infection and other endemic diseases that cause fever leads to a misdiagnosis or under-diagnosis of spotted fever group of Rickettsia (SFGR). To better understand the epidemiology of this vector-borne disease in Angola, a comprehensive seroprevalence study was conducted investigating the exposure to SFGR in a sample of 92 febrile, Malaria and Yellow Fever negative human plasma specimen, collected to the study of the national surveillance of febrile syndromes between 2016 and 2017, in Angola. The seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SFG Rickettsia in humans was calculated by gender, and aimag (province). All data were analyzed through a logistic regression. Spatial data sources included Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) products by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The main objective of this work was the development of a GIS open source application to automatize the extraction of LST and NDVI products from MODIS images. The application was created as a simple graphic interface composed by two input fields (the text file with the coordinates of the sampling points (in sinusoidal coordinate system and the folder with the MODIS images), the field to define the buffer distance, and the output file. The application was tested considering MOD11A1 (LST product), MOD13Q1 and MYD13Q1 (NDVI product), free download from the USGS. QGIS 2.18.17 was used for geospatial operations and Python language was employed for the development of the GIS open source application under QGIS software. The process includes the circumscription of the major clusters where human data were collected. Then, a convex hull (minimum convex bounding geometry) was created around each sampling site with a 10 km buffer zone to accommodate the mobility among the nomadic people being samples. Counts of seropositive and seronegative humans were calculated within each of these sampling clusters along with the mean, maximum, and minimum values of NDVI and LST, and percent area of each land cover class. The application was tested in a set of 92 points in Angola and a buffer of 10 km considering the Universal transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 33S projection (EPSG:32733) was applied for each point. The LST and NDVI statistical values were extracted for each sampling cluster. Variations in ecological niches, abundance of vegetation and land surface temperature, for ticks and fleas between different provinces could be in part responsible for the geographic differences in seroprevalence observed with SFGR.A91F-E8B8-FA62 | Teresa Susana Letra MateusN/

Elaboração de muffins adicionados de espinafre e isentos de lactose e glúten

Due to the concern with the maintenance of health, together with the increase in people with dietary restrictions, mainly allergies and intolerances, it was necessary to develop products that would serve this audience. In this sense, this study aims to prepare and characterize muffins added with spinach and free from lactose and gluten, in order to serve people with allergies and intolerances. Four muffin formulations were made: F1 (standard formulation: no spinach added, F2 (formulation with 25% addition of spinach leaves), F3 (formulation with 50% addition of spinach leaves), F4 (formulation with added 75% spinach leaves) keeping the same proportion for the other ingredients. Physical, chemical, microbiological, and sensory characterization were performed. The insertion of spinach reduced the diameter and thickness of the muffins with a variation of up to 8%. The moisture content increased as the amount of spinach increased. The muffins were colored in black and green. All formulations showed microbiological stability. The sensorial acceptability was expressive, with scores higher than 6, with samples being preferred to formulations F1 and F2. Thus, viability was observed in the production of muffins added with spinach and free from lactose and gluten. All formulations showed physical, chemical, and microbiological stability, being considered suitable for consumption.Devido à preocupação com a manutenção da saúde, juntamente com o aumento de pessoas com restrições alimentares, principalmente alergias e intolerâncias, se fez necessário a elaboração de produtos que atendesse esse público. Neste sentido, este estudo teve como objetivo à elaboração e caracterização de muffins adicionados de espinafre e isentos de lactose e glúten, a fim de atender pessoas portadoras de alergias e intolerâncias. Foram elaboradas quatro formulações de muffins: F1 (formulação padrão: sem adição de espinafre, F2 (formulação com adição de 25% de folhas de espinafre), F3 (formulação com adição de 50% de folhas de espinafre), F4 (formulação com adição de 75% de  folhas de espinafre) mantendo a proporção para os demais ingredientes. Foi realizada a caracterização física, química, microbiológica e sensorial. A inserção de espinafre conferiu diminuição no diâmetro e na espessura dos muffins, com variação de até 8%. O teor de umidade teve aumento à medida que aumentou a quantidade de espinafre. Os muffins apresentaram cor com tonalidade para o preto e verde. Todas as formulações apresentaram estabilidade microbiológica. A aceitabilidade sensorial foi expressiva, com notas superiores a 6, sendo as amostras preferidas aas formulações F1 e F2. Assim, foi observada viabilidade na produção de muffins adicionados de espinafre e isentos de lactose e glúten. Todas as formulações apresentaram estabilidade física, química e microbiológica, sendo considerados aptos ao consumo