RELAÇÃO ENTRE DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS NÃO TRANSMISSÍVEIS E O TEMPO DE INTERNAÇÃO DE IDOSOS EM UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA

Objective: To verify the relationship between Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (CNCD) and the length of stay of elderly people in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Methodology: This is a broad literature review in which the research is based on the question "What is the relationship between chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the length of stay of the elderly in intensive care units (ICUs)?". The research was conducted in 2023, by consulting the databases Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), and Nursing Database (BDENF), accessed through the Virtual Health Library, as well as the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Results: Five articles show that the relationship between chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and length of stay in ICUs is complex, depending on various factors such as the severity of the conditions, age and quality of care. The majority of hospitalizations are linked to CNCDs, such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, affecting the elderly, who often already face fragile health conditions. The presence of multiple NCDs can increase the length of hospitalization, especially in private health systems. The complexity of the clinical condition also influences length of stay, with patients with more chronic diseases having longer stays. The studies showed variations in the average length of stay, but emphasize that hospitalization of the elderly can lead to reduced functionality, resulting in dependence on caregivers. Conclusion: This study provided insights into the profile of older people in ICUs, identifying the presence or absence of CNCDs and their impact on the average length of stay in intensive care for older people.Objetivo: Verificar la relación entre las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) y la duración de la estancia de los ancianos en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Metodología: Se trata de una amplia revisión bibliográfica en la que la investigación se basa en la pregunta "¿Cuál es la relación entre las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) y la duración de la estancia de los ancianos en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI)?". La investigación fue realizada en el año 2023, consultando las bases de datos Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), y Nursing Database (BDENF), accedidas a través de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, así como la Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Resultados: Cinco artículos presentan que la relación entre las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) y la duración de la estancia en las UCI es compleja y depende de diversos factores, como la gravedad de las afecciones, la edad y la calidad de la asistencia. La mayoría de las hospitalizaciones están relacionadas con ENT, como las enfermedades cardiovasculares y respiratorias, que afectan a las personas mayores, que a menudo ya se enfrentan a condiciones de salud frágiles. La presencia de múltiples ENT puede aumentar la duración de la hospitalización, especialmente en los sistemas sanitarios privados. La complejidad del cuadro clínico también influye en la duración de la hospitalización, ya que los pacientes con más enfermedades crónicas tienen estancias más largas. Los estudios mostraron variaciones en la duración media de la estancia, pero destacan que la hospitalización de los ancianos puede conducir a una reducción de la funcionalidad, lo que se traduce en una dependencia de los cuidadores. Conclusión: Este estudio proporcionó información sobre el perfil de las personas mayores en las UCI, identificando la presencia o ausencia de ENT y su impacto en la duración media de la estancia en cuidados intensivos para personas mayores.Objetivo: Verificar a relação entre as Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT) e o tempo de internação de idosos em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Metodologia: Trata-se de uma ampla revisão da literatura em que a construção da pesquisa está amparada na questão "Qual a relação entre doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) e o tempo de internação do idoso em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI)?" A pesquisa foi conduzida em 2023, por meio da consulta às bases de dados Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), e Base de Dados em Enfermagem (BDENF), acessadas através da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, bem como a Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Resultados: Cinco artigos apresentam que a relação entre doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) e o tempo de internação em UTIs é complexa, dependendo de vários fatores, como gravidade das condições, idade e qualidade do cuidado. A maioria das internações está ligada a DCNT, como doenças cardiovasculares e respiratórias, afetando idosos, que muitas vezes já enfrentam fragilidades de saúde. A presença de múltiplas DCNT pode aumentar o tempo de internação, principalmente em sistemas de saúde privados. A complexidade do quadro clínico também influencia o tempo de internação, com pacientes com mais doenças crônicas tendo estadias mais longas. Os estudos apresentaram variações no tempo médio de internação, mas ressaltam que a hospitalização de idosos pode levar à redução da funcionalidade, resultando na dependência de cuidadores. Conclusão: Este estudo forneceu insights sobre o perfil dos idosos internados em UTIs, identificando a presença ou ausência de DCNTs e seu impacto no tempo médio de internação em tratamento intensivo para pessoas idosas

Ultralight vector dark matter search using data from the KAGRA O3GK run

Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we present the result of a search for U(1)B−L gauge boson DM using the KAGRA data from auxiliary length channels during the first joint observation run together with GEO600. By applying our search pipeline, which takes into account the stochastic nature of ultralight DM, upper bounds on the coupling strength between the U(1)B−L gauge boson and ordinary matter are obtained for a range of DM masses. While our constraints are less stringent than those derived from previous experiments, this study demonstrates the applicability of our method to the lower-mass vector DM search, which is made difficult in this measurement by the short observation time compared to the auto-correlation time scale of DM

Search for eccentric black hole coalescences during the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo

Despite the growing number of confident binary black hole coalescences observed through gravitational waves so far, the astrophysical origin of these binaries remains uncertain. Orbital eccentricity is one of the clearest tracers of binary formation channels. Identifying binary eccentricity, however, remains challenging due to the limited availability of gravitational waveforms that include effects of eccentricity. Here, we present observational results for a waveform-independent search sensitive to eccentric black hole coalescences, covering the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. We identified no new high-significance candidates beyond those that were already identified with searches focusing on quasi-circular binaries. We determine the sensitivity of our search to high-mass (total mass M>70 M⊙) binaries covering eccentricities up to 0.3 at 15 Hz orbital frequency, and use this to compare model predictions to search results. Assuming all detections are indeed quasi-circular, for our fiducial population model, we place an upper limit for the merger rate density of high-mass binaries with eccentricities 0<e≤0.3 at 0.33 Gpc−3 yr−1 at 90\% confidence level

Search for gravitational-lensing signatures in the full third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo network

Gravitational lensing by massive objects along the line of sight to the source causes distortions of gravitational wave-signals; such distortions may reveal information about fundamental physics, cosmology and astrophysics. In this work, we have extended the search for lensing signatures to all binary black hole events from the third observing run of the LIGO--Virgo network. We search for repeated signals from strong lensing by 1) performing targeted searches for subthreshold signals, 2) calculating the degree of overlap amongst the intrinsic parameters and sky location of pairs of signals, 3) comparing the similarities of the spectrograms amongst pairs of signals, and 4) performing dual-signal Bayesian analysis that takes into account selection effects and astrophysical knowledge. We also search for distortions to the gravitational waveform caused by 1) frequency-independent phase shifts in strongly lensed images, and 2) frequency-dependent modulation of the amplitude and phase due to point masses. None of these searches yields significant evidence for lensing. Finally, we use the non-detection of gravitational-wave lensing to constrain the lensing rate based on the latest merger-rate estimates and the fraction of dark matter composed of compact objects

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN

Search for intermediate-mass black hole binaries in the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo

International audienceIntermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) span the approximate mass range 100−105 M⊙, between black holes (BHs) that formed by stellar collapse and the supermassive BHs at the centers of galaxies. Mergers of IMBH binaries are the most energetic gravitational-wave sources accessible by the terrestrial detector network. Searches of the first two observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo did not yield any significant IMBH binary signals. In the third observing run (O3), the increased network sensitivity enabled the detection of GW190521, a signal consistent with a binary merger of mass ∼150 M⊙ providing direct evidence of IMBH formation. Here, we report on a dedicated search of O3 data for further IMBH binary mergers, combining both modeled (matched filter) and model-independent search methods. We find some marginal candidates, but none are sufficiently significant to indicate detection of further IMBH mergers. We quantify the sensitivity of the individual search methods and of the combined search using a suite of IMBH binary signals obtained via numerical relativity, including the effects of spins misaligned with the binary orbital axis, and present the resulting upper limits on astrophysical merger rates. Our most stringent limit is for equal mass and aligned spin BH binary of total mass 200 M⊙ and effective aligned spin 0.8 at 0.056 Gpc−3 yr−1 (90% confidence), a factor of 3.5 more constraining than previous LIGO-Virgo limits. We also update the estimated rate of mergers similar to GW190521 to 0.08 Gpc−3 yr−1.Key words: gravitational waves / stars: black holes / black hole physicsCorresponding author: W. Del Pozzo, e-mail: [email protected]† Deceased, August 2020

Open data from the first and second observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo

Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo are monitoring the sky and collecting gravitational-wave strain data with sufficient sensitivity to detect signals routinely. In this paper we describe the data recorded by these instruments during their first and second observing runs. The main data products are gravitational-wave strain time series sampled at 16384 Hz. The datasets that include this strain measurement can be freely accessed through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center at http://gw-openscience.org, together with data-quality information essential for the analysis of LIGO and Virgo data, documentation, tutorials, and supporting software

Search for Subsolar-Mass Binaries in the First Half of Advanced LIGO???s and Advanced Virgo???s Third Observing Run

We report on a search for compact binary coalescences where at least one binary component has a mass between 0.2 M⊙ and 1.0 M⊙ in Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo data collected between 1 April 2019 1500 UTC and 1 October 2019 1500 UTC. We extend our previous analyses in two main ways: we include data from the Virgo detector and we allow for more unequal mass systems, with mass ratio q ≥ 0.1. We do not report any gravitational-wave candidates. The most significant trigger has a false alarm rate of 0.14 yr^−1. This implies an upper limit on the merger rate of subsolar binaries in the range [220−24200] Gpc^−3 yr^−1,depending on the chirp mass of the binary. We use this upper limit to derive astrophysical constraints on two phenomenological models that could produce subsolar-mass compact objects. One is an isotropic distribution of equal-mass primordial black holes. Using this model, we find that the fraction of dark matter in primordial black holes in the mass range 0.2 M⊙ < m PBH < 1.0 M⊙ is f PBH ≡ Ω PBH/Ω DM ≲ 6%. This improves existing constraints on primordial black hole abundance by a factor of ∼3. The other is a dissipative dark matter model, in which fermionic dark matter can collapse and form black holes. The upper limit on the fraction of dark matter black holes depends on the minimum mass of the black holes that can be formed: the most constraining result is obtained at M min = 1 M⊙, where f DBH ≡ Ω DBH/Ω DM ≲ 0.003%. These are the first constraints placed on dissipative dark models by subsolar-mass analyses