Maladaptive therapist schemas in CBT practice, training and supervision: a scoping review

Background: Maladaptive therapist schemas are hypothesised to generate difficulties within cognitive behavioural therapy practice, training and supervision. Without adequate identification and management, they negatively affect the cognitions and emotions of the therapist, leading them to behave in ways that risk ruptures or therapy and supervision being delivered in a sub-optimal fashion. Consequently, there is a need to synthesise the research that has been undertaken to date on the content, prevalence, identification, and management of maladaptive therapist schemas. Method: A scoping review was undertaken of studies that have been published since 2001 on the impact of maladaptive therapist schemas (also referred to interchangeably as beliefs or cognitions) in Cognitive behavioural therapy practice, training and supervision. Thirteen studies were identified in a literature search from four electronic databases, a reference list search of identified articles and hand searches. Results: Three overall themes were identified in the research, (1) prevalence of therapist schemas (2) specific therapist beliefs and (3) therapist characteristics associated with the delivery of sub-optimal CBT or supervision. Whilst there is little empirical support for therapist schemas, therapist resistance and beliefs relating to the fear of using exposure therapy were identified. Therapist intolerance of uncertainty and self-esteem were recurrent factors. Conclusion: There is no consensus on how to define, identify, formulate or respond to maladaptive therapist beliefs or schemas in clinical practice, training or supervision. Further research is needed to better understand their origins, maintaining factors and appropriate management of their impact

Impact and Implementation of an Early Years Fundamental Motor Skills Intervention for Children 4–5 Years

Fundamental motor skills (FMS) are the cornerstone of a child’s motor development, but concerns remain on the current level of FMS competencies, and intervention is required. This evaluation investigated if a targeted Early Years FMS intervention, delivered by a specialist physical education (PE) provider, improved the FMS of 4–5-year-old children across multiple sites. Methods: The Early Years FMS intervention ran for 18 weeks, 1 h/week, using a standardised programme of activities to develop FMS competencies across 219 children from 15 schools in the Midlands, UK. An adapted assessment was employed as a measure of FMS, assessing locomotor, object control, and stability skills at weeks 1, 9, and 18. The FMS were each rated as green = competent, amber = working towards, or red = not meeting the standards of the skill. A description of key programme implementation characteristics was described. Findings: Statistically significant increases in FMS competencies were achieved for 80% of participants at 18 weeks. Key implementation characteristics for the intervention included consistent staffing, a standardised programme, and a variety of pedagogical approaches delivered by specialist PE staff. Conclusion: This evaluation provided important insights into the effectiveness and implementation of the Early Years FMS intervention to improve FMS competencies in children aged 4–5 years

Energy dissipation in soil samples during drained triaxial shearing

The discrete-element method was used to simulate drained triaxial compression of large-scale, polydisperse numerical samples at a range of void ratios while tracing all relevant energy components. The frictional dissipation and boundary work are almost equal regardless of sample density. The volumetric work reaches a steady value at large strain. However, the distortional work increases continually as sample deformation continues post-critical state. There is a preferential orientation for frictional dissipation at around 45° to the major principal stress direction. This matches the orientation at which there is the largest number of sliding contacts. The work equations, which are fundamental in most commonly used constitutive models, are linear when plotted against deviatoric strain. The modified Cam Clay work equation substantially over-predicts the frictional dissipation for dense samples. An alternative, thermodynamically consistent work equation gives a much better description of frictional dissipation and is therefore recommended to ensure accuracy in modelling

Public Health Surveillance for Australian bat lyssavirus in Queensland, Australia, 2000–2001

From February 1, 2000, to December 4, 2001, a total of 119 bats (85 Megachiroptera and 34 Microchiroptera) were tested for Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) infection. Eight Megachiroptera were positive by immunofluorescence assay that used cross-reactive antibodies to rabies nucleocapsid protein. A case study of cross-species transmission of ABLV supports the conclusion that a bat reservoir exists for ABLV in which the virus circulates across Megachiroptera species within mixed communities

Tracking CSP computations

[EN] Tracing is one of the most important techniques for program understanding and debugging. A trace gives the user access to otherwise hidden information about a computation. In the context of concurrent languages, computations are particularly complex due to the non-deterministic execution order of processes and to the restrictions imposed on this order by synchronizations; hence, a tracer is a powerful tool to explore, understand and debug concurrent computations. In CSP, traces are sequences of events that define a particular execution. This notion of trace is completely different to the one used in other paradigms where traces are formed by those source code expressions evaluated during a particular execution. We refer to this second notion of traces as tracks. In this work, we introduce the theoretical basis for tracking concurrent and explicitly synchronized computations in process algebras such as CSP. Tracking computations in this kind of systems is a difficult task due to the subtleties of the underlying operational semantics which combines concurrency, non-determinism and non-termination. We define an instrumented operational semantics that generates as a side-effect an appropriate data structure (a track) which can be used to track computations. The formal definition of a tracking semantics improves the understanding of the tracking process, but also, it allows us to formally prove the correctness of the computed tracks. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.This work has been partially supported by the EU (FEDER) and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades/AEI under grant TIN2016-76843-C4-1-R and by the Generalitat Valenciana under grant PROMETEO-II/2015/013 (SmartLogic). The authors acknowledge a partial support of European COST Action IC1405 on Reversible Computation - extending horizons of computing. Salvador Tamarit was partially supported by the Conselleria de Educacion, Investigacion, Cultura y Deporte de la Generalitat Valenciana under the grant APOSTD/2016/036.Llorens Agost, ML.; Oliver Villarroya, J.; Silva, J.; Tamarit Muñoz, S. (2019). Tracking CSP computations. Journal of Logical and Algebraic Methods in Programming. 102:138-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlamp.2018.10.002S13817510

CBT supervision at the coalface: how closely does the reality mirror the recommendations? An exploration of supervisor and supervisee experiences

Little was known from a phenomenological perspective about the ‘lived experience’ of supervisees and supervisors in terms of the factors that influence the choices they make about how to use clinical supervision. Similarly, it was also unknown as to how trainers and supervisors decide to structure their supervision sessions or whether they felt they had the appropriate knowledge and training to be effective in this role in the absence of a unified supervision model in the profession. Previous research by Townend et al (2002)) sought to establish a national picture of how supervision was experienced in which low levels of live supervision were identified. This study was undertaken pre-IAPT (Improving Access to Psychological Therapies) and given the significance of IAPT in how CBT is delivered it is important to gather knowledge about how perceptions might have changed following this. The current study is the first to have collated the views of both supervisees and supervisors and those who practice CBT both accredited and non-accredited or who are not BABCP members

Public Health Surveillance for Australian bat lyssavirus in Queensland, Australia, 2000–2001

From February 1, 2000, to December 4, 2001, a total of 119 bats (85 Megachiroptera and 34 Microchiroptera) were tested for Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) infection. Eight Megachiroptera were positive by immunofluorescence assay that used cross-reactive antibodies to rabies nucleocapsid protein. A case study of cross-species transmission of ABLV supports the conclusion that a bat reservoir exists for ABLV in which the virus circulates across Megachiroptera species within mixed communities

Telephone triage for management of same-day consultation requests in general practice (the ESTEEM trial): A cluster-randomised controlled trial and cost-consequence analysis

Telephone triage is increasingly used to manage workload in primary care; however, supporting evidence for this approach is scarce. We aimed to assess the effectiveness and cost consequences of general practitioner-(GP)-led and nurse-led telephone triage compared with usual care for patients seeking same-day consultations in primary care

Cryptic speciation and chromosomal repatterning in the South African climbing mice Dendromus (Rodentia, Nesomyidae)

We evaluate the intra- and interspecific diversity in the four South African rodent species of the genus Dendromus. The molecular phylogenetic analysis on twenty-three individuals have been conducted on a combined dataset of nuclear and mitochondrial markers. Moreover, the extent and processes underlying chromosomal variation, have been investigated on three species by mean of G-, C-bands, NORs and Zoo-FISH analysis. The molecular analysis shows the presence of six monophyletic lineages corresponding to D. mesomelas, D. mystacalis and four lineages within D. cfr. melanotis with high divergence values (ranges: 10.6% – 18.3%) that raises the question of the possible presence of cryptic species. The first description of the karyotype for D. mesomelas and D. mystacalis and C- and G- banding for one lineage of D. cfr. melanotis are reported highlighting an extended karyotype reorganization in the genus. Furthermore, the G-banding and Zoo-FISH evidenced an autosome-sex chromosome translocation characterizing all the species and our timing estimates this mutation date back 7.4 mya (Late Miocene). Finally, the molecular clock suggests that cladogenesis took place since the end of Miocene to Plio-Pleistocene, probably due to ecological factors, isolation in refugia followed by differential adaptation to the mesic or dry habitat