Metodología 9S para reducir la accidentabilidad en el área de hilandería de Cía. Industrial Nuevo Mundo S.A., Lima, 2019

El presente trabajo de investigación, realizado bajo la modalidad de tesis, se desarrolló con el objetivo de implementar la Metodología 9S para reducir la Accidentabilidad en el área de Hilandería de Cía. Industrial Nuevo Mundo S.A., 2019 Esta investigación es del tipo aplicado con enfoque cuantitativo. Además, su nivel es explicativo, ya que busca explicar las causas y efectos de aplicar la Metodología 9S para reducir la Accidentabilidad. De la misma manera, su diseño es experimental, el cual es a su vez del tipo cuasi experimental. Debido a que el problema principal del área de Hilandería se concentra en la alta accidentabilidad, la población analizada será los accidentes ocurridos en 60 días, medidos antes y después de la implementación de la Metodología 9S. Dado el diseño cuasi experimental de la investigación, la muestra será igual a la población en estudio. Como se mencionó anteriormente, el problema principal de la presente investigación se concentra en la alta accidentabilidad, el cual es causado por distintos factores, de los cuales destacan la deficiente prevención de riesgos laborales, actos inseguros del trabajador, zonas de trabajo inseguras, baja supervisión de cumplimiento de normas, desorden en el área de trabajo y procedimientos no formalizados. Los resultados obtenidos en la investigación comprobaron que la muestra analizada era representativa y que por ende la accidentabilidad media del área de Hilandería se redujo en 89.96% gracias a la implementación de la Metodología 9S. Finalmente, se logró aceptar la hipótesis de investigación con una significancia de la prueba de 0.004, demostrando que los datos estudiados provienen de una muestra representativa. De esta manera se validó la disminución de la accidentabilidad en el área de Hilandería de Cía. Industrial Nuevo Mundo S.A., como consecuencia de la implementación de la Metodología 9S

Genomic African and Native American Ancestry and Chagas Disease: The Bambui (Brazil) Epigen Cohort Study of Aging.

BackgroundThe influence of genetic ancestry on Trypanosoma cruzi infection and Chagas disease outcomes is unknown.Methodology/principal findingsWe used 370,539 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) to examine the association between individual proportions of African, European and Native American genomic ancestry with T. cruzi infection and related outcomes in 1,341 participants (aged ≥ 60 years) of the Bambui (Brazil) population-based cohort study of aging. Potential confounding variables included sociodemographic characteristics and an array of health measures. The prevalence of T. cruzi infection was 37.5% and 56.3% of those infected had a major ECG abnormality. Baseline T. cruzi infection was correlated with higher levels of African and Native American ancestry, which in turn were strongly associated with poor socioeconomic circumstances. Cardiomyopathy in infected persons was not significantly associated with African or Native American ancestry levels. Infected persons with a major ECG abnormality were at increased risk of 15-year mortality relative to their counterparts with no such abnormalities (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.80; 95% 1.41, 2.32). African and Native American ancestry levels had no significant effect modifying this association.Conclusions/significanceOur findings indicate that African and Native American ancestry have no influence on the presence of major ECG abnormalities and had no influence on the ability of an ECG abnormality to predict mortality in older people infected with T. cruzi. In contrast, our results revealed a strong and independent association between prevalent T. cruzi infection and higher levels of African and Native American ancestry. Whether this association is a consequence of genetic background or differential exposure to infection remains to be determined

Mitochondrial DNA Diversity in South America and the Genetic History of Andean Highlanders

We analyzed mtDNA sequence variation in 590 individuals from 18 south Amerindian populations. The spatial pattern of mtDNA diversity in these populations fits well the model proposed on the basis of Y-chromosome data. We found evidence of a differential action of genetic drift and gene flow in western and eastern populations, which has led to genetic divergence in the latter but not in the former. Although it is not possible to identify a pattern of genetic variation common to all South America, when western and eastern populations are analyzed separately, the mtDNA diversity in both regions fits the isolation-by-distance model, suggesting independent evolutionary dynamics. Maximum-likelihood estimates of divergence times between central and south Amerindian populations fall between 13,000 and 19,000 years, which is consistent with a Pleistocenic peopling of South America. Moreover, comparison of among-population variability of mtDNA and Y-chromosome DNA seems to indicate that South America is the only continent where the levels of differentiation are similar for maternal and paternal lineages

Hábitos y factores de influencia en la práctica físico-deportiva de la población infantil de Tarazona

El sedentarismo en la población infantil es considerado como uno de los principales problemas de salud pública en los países desarrollados. Con el fin de diseñar diferentes programas y estrategias de intervención que permitan paliar dicho asunto, son necesarias las diferentes investigaciones que muestren los hábitos de práctica físico-deportiva de los más pequeños, así como de la influencia que ejerce el entorno social del niño en su propia práctica. El presente trabajo expone los resultados de un estudio dirigido a determinar los hábitos de práctica físico deportiva (frecuencia, duración, intensidad, motivos y barreras) de los chicos y chicas de 6º de Educación Primaria de la ciudad de Tarazona (Zaragoza). Y el modo en el que los agentes sociales próximos al niño influyen sobre las características de su propia práctica físico-deportiva (influencia del modelo, ánimo percibido, apoyo social)

Evaluación de las condiciones ambientales de la vereda el pantano ubicada en el municipio de Giron a partir de indicadores ambientales, sociales y económicos.

La vereda el Pantano ubicada en el municipio de Girón Santander, es reconocida por poseer el único humedal de la zona metropolitana del departamento, sin embargo, la actividad productiva de los habitantes ha llevado a que se reduzca hasta en un 90 % el nivel del agua en el humedal (CDIM, 2016), así como a daños en la cobertura vegetal Esta problemática ha motivado a que se realice un diagnóstico del entorno ambiental, social y económico de la vereda mediante métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Seguido a esto se evaluaron indicadores ambientales sociales y económicos con el propósito de conocer la situación actual y real de la vereda. Los indicadores se midieron por medio de preguntas en relación con los tres aspectos y su respectiva estadística. Lo anterior permitió identificar las causas y efectos de las problemáticas que están alterando los ecosistemas de la vereda. Finalmente se planteó una serie de estrategias, las cuales fueron creadas con el fin de mitigar el impacto negativo sobre el medio ambiente de dicho territorio, teniendo en cuenta la opinión de la comunidad de la vereda.The village El Pantano is a rural zone located in Girón-Santander and is known for having the only wetland in the metropolitan area of the department. However, the productive activity of the population who lives in this area has generated a reduction of up to 90% in water level in the wetland (CDIM, 2016), as well as damage on vegetation cover. This problem encouraged the authors of this work to carry out a diagnosis of the environmental, social and economic state of the village through qualitative and quantitative methods. Following this, social, environmental and economic indicators were evaluated in order to recognize the current and real situation of this rural area. The indicators were measured by means of questions related to these three aspects and their respective statistics. The latter allowed to identify causes and effects of issues that are altering the ecosystems of El Pantano. Finally, a series of strategies were proposed to mitigate the negative impact on the environment of the territory, taking into account the opinion of the community of the village

Environmental risk assessment of PPP application in European soils and potential ecosystem service losses considering impacts on non-target organisms

The use of Plant Protection Products (PPPs) is leading to high exposure scenarios with potential risk to soil organisms, including non-target species. Assessment of the effects of PPPs on non-target organisms is one of the most important components of environmental risk assessment (ERA) since they play crucial functions in ecosystems, being main driving forces in different soil processes. As part of the framework, EFSA is proposing the use of the ecosystem services approach for setting specific protection goals. In fact, the services provided by soil organisms can be impacted by the misuse of PPPs in agroecosystems. The aim of this work was to assess PPPs potential risk upon ecosystem services along European soils, considering impacts on earthworms and collembola. Four well-known (2 insecticides-esfenvalerate and cyclaniliprole- and 2 fungicides - picoxystrobin and fenamidone-) worst case application (highest recommended application) were studied; exploring approaches for linked observed effects with impacts on ecosystem services, accounting for their mode of action (MoA), predicted exposure, time-course effects in Eisenia fetida and Folsomia sp. and landscape variability. The selected fungicides exerted more effects than insecticides on E. fetida, whereas few effects were reported for both pesticides regarding Folsomia sp. The most impacted ecosystem services after PPP application to crops appeared to be habitat provision, soil formation and retention, nutrient cycling, biodiversity, erosion regulation, soil remediation/waste treatment and pest and disease regulation. The main factors to be taken into account for a correct PPP use management in crops are discussed.This work has been partially funded by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) through the grant NP/EFSA/AFSCO/2016/03. The author Miguel J.G. Santos is employed with the EFSA in the PREV Unit. The author Jose V Tarazona was employed by EFSA until October 2022. The present article is published under the sole responsibility of the au thors and may not be considered as an EFSA scientific output. The po sitions and opinions presented in this article are those of the authors alone and do not represent the views of EFSA.S

Analysis of nucleotide diversity of NAT2 coding region reveals homogeneity across Native American populations and high intra-population diversity.

N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), an important enzyme in clinical pharmacology, metabolizes antibiotics such as isoniazid and sulfamethoxazole, and catalyzes the transformation of aromatic and heterocyclic amines from the environment and diet into carcinogenic intermediates. Polymorphisms in NAT2 account for variability in the acetylator phenotype and the pharmacokinetics of metabolized drugs. Native Americans, settled in rural areas and large cities of Latin America, are under-represented in pharmacogenetics studies; therefore, we sequenced the coding region of NAT2 in 456 chromosomes from 13 populations from the Americas, and two from Siberia, detecting nine substitutions and 11 haplotypes. Variants *4 (37%), *5B (23%) and *7B (24%) showed high frequencies. Average frequencies of fast, intermediate and slow acetylators across Native Americans were 18, 56 and 25%, respectively. NAT2 intra-population genetic diversity for Native Americans is higher than East Asians and similar to the rest of the world, and NAT2 variants are homogeneously distributed across native populations of the continent

Factores que intervienen en el proceso del Programa de suplementación con multimicronutrientes a nivel de establecimientos de salud y madres de familia de la provincia de Vilcashuamán

Introducción: La anemia por deficiencia de hierro representa un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial que tiene consecuencias negativas para la salud, economía y desarrollo de un país. Desde el año 2009, se está implementando un programa de suplementación con multimicronutrientes en Vilcashuamán - Ayacucho para disminuir la prevalencia de anemia en niños y niñas de 6 a 35 meses, por lo tanto es necesario evaluar algunos factores que intervienen en este proceso del programa para proponer mejoras en el mismo. Objetivo: Evaluar algunos los factores que intervienen en el Proceso del Programa Nacional de Suplementación con Multimicronutrientes a nivel de los Establecimientos de Salud (EESS) y madres de familias de niños de 6 a 35 meses de la provincia de Vilcashuamán. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo y de corte transversal. Lugar: Vilcashuamán. Ayacucho 2011 - 2012. Participantes: 19 Establecimientos de Salud y 245madres de niños y niñas 6 meses a 35 meses y 29 días de edad que participan del Programa de suplementación con Multimicronutrientes. Intervenciones: El tamaño de la muestra se estimó mediante la fórmula de comparación de dos proporciones, la selección fue aleatoria estratificado, bietápico y por conglomerados. El recojo de datos de los establecimientos de salud se realizó en noviembre del 2011y de madres de familia en mayo 2012, mediante un cuestionario, previa firma del asentimiento y consentimiento informado, respectivamente. Principales medidas de resultados: El análisis descriptivo de los datos se realizó a través de porcentajes y tablas de contingencia. Resultados: Sobre la gestión logística del programa 17 Establecimientos de Salud recibieron el suplemento de manera oportuna, 18 recibieron la cantidad de suplemento que habían solicitado, 12 cumplieron con todos criterios evaluados de almacenamiento del suplemento. En el seguimiento del programa el 31.4% (n=77) de las madres de familia recibieron visitas domiciliarias por parte del personal de salud. En la Estrategia Educativo Comunicacional 10 de 19 EESS realizaron sesiones demostrativas, más del 90% de las madres de familia mencionaron haber recibido consejería nutricional sobre anemia, prevención y uso de multimicronutrientes por parte del personal de salud y el 92.7% (n=227) de las mismas no recibieron materiales educativos sobre anemia ni suplementación con multimicronutrientes. En las competencias del personal de salud, 10 de 19 trabajadores de salud no recibieron capacitación en temas de anemia y suplementación con multimicronutrientes y, 6 de 19, refirieron haber recibido guías o documentos técnicos de suplementación con multimicronutrientes. A su vez, el 84% del personal de salud presentó un nivel adecuado de conocimientos sobre anemia, su prevención y uso de multimicronutrientes. Con respecto a conocimientos y prácticas de madres de familia, 3 de cada 5 presentaron un nivel inadecuado de conocimientos en temas de anemia y suplementación con multimicronutrientes y el 83.9% (n=213) tuvieron prácticas adecuadas que previenen la anemia infantil. Conclusiones: Se encontraron algunos factores inadecuados en relación a la distribución, recepción y almacenamiento de multimicronutrientes, competencias del personal de salud, seguimiento al programa de suplementación y conocimientos y prácticas de alimentación y uso de micronutrientes de las madres de familia; que intervienen en el procero del programa de suplementación con multimicronutrientes tanto a nivel de establecimientos de salud y madres de familia.Tesi

Predicting environmental concentrations and the potential risk of Plant Protection Products (PPP) on non-target soil organisms accounting for regional and landscape ecological variability in european soils

[EN] Plant Protection Products (PPP) raise concerns as their application may cause effects on some soil organisms considered non-target species which could be highly sensitive to some pesticides. The European Food and Safety Authority (EFSA), in collaboration with the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission, has developed guidance and a software tool, Persistence in Soil Analytical Model (PERSAM), for conducting soil exposure assessments. EFSA PPR Panel has published recommendations for the risk assessment of non-target soil organisms. We have used PERSAM for calculating PPPs predicted environmental concentrations (PECs); and used the estimated PEC for assessing potential risks using Toxicity Exposure Ratios (TER) for selected soil organisms and good agricultural practices. Soil characteristics and environmental variables change along a latitudinal axis through the European continent, influencing the availability of PPP, their toxicity upon soil biota, and hence, impacting on the risk characterization. Although PERSAM includes as input geographical information, the in-formation is aggregated and not further detailed in the model outputs. Therefore, there is a need to develop landscape based environmental risk assessment methods addressing regional variability. The objective was to integrate spatially explicit exposure (PECs) and effect data (biological endpoints i.e. LC50, NOEC, etc.) to estimate the risk quotient (TER) of four PPP active substances (esfenvalerate, cyclaniliprole, picoxystrobin, fenamidone) on non-target species accounting European landscape and agricultural variability. The study was focused on the effects produced by the above-mentioned pesticides on two soil organisms: E. fetida earthworms and Folsomia sp. collembolans. After running PERSAM assuming a worst case application of PPPs, PECs in total soil and pore water were obtained for different depths in northern, central and southern European soils. With this data, soil variability and climatic differences among soils divided in three large Euroregions along a latitudinal transect (Northern, Central, Southern Europe) were analysed. Summarising, a trend to accumulate higher PECs and TERs in total soil was observed in the north decreasing towards the south. Higher PECs and TERs could be expected in pore water in southern soils, decreasing towards the north. The risk disparity between pollutant concentrations at different soils compartments should be taken into account for regulatory purposes, as well as the potential landscape variabilities among different Euroregions.This work has been partially funded by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) through the grant NP/EFSA/AFSCO/2016/03. The authors Miguel Santos and Jose V Tarazona are employed with the EFSA in the Pesticides Peer Review and the Scientific Committee and Emerging Risks Units. However, the present article is published under the sole responsibility of the authors and may not be considered as an EFSA scientific output. The positions and opinions presented in this article are those of the authors alone and do not represent the views of EFSA

A graph-based approach for designing extensible pipelines

Abstract"/p" "p"Background"/p" "p"In bioinformatics, it is important to build extensible and low-maintenance systems that are able to deal with the new tools and data formats that are constantly being developed. The traditional and simplest implementation of pipelines involves hardcoding the execution steps into programs or scripts. This approach can lead to problems when a pipeline is expanding because the incorporation of new tools is often error prone and time consuming. Current approaches to pipeline development such as workflow management systems focus on analysis tasks that are systematically repeated without significant changes in their course of execution, such as genome annotation. However, more dynamism on the pipeline composition is necessary when each execution requires a different combination of steps."/p" "p"Results"/p" "p"We propose a graph-based approach to implement extensible and low-maintenance pipelines that is suitable for pipeline applications with multiple functionalities that require different combinations of steps in each execution. Here pipelines are composed automatically by compiling a specialised set of tools on demand, depending on the functionality required, instead of specifying every sequence of tools in advance. We represent the connectivity of pipeline components with a directed graph in which components are the graph edges, their inputs and outputs are the graph nodes, and the paths through the graph are pipelines. To that end, we developed special data structures and a pipeline system algorithm. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach by implementing a format conversion pipeline for the fields of population genetics and genetic epidemiology, but our approach is also helpful in other fields where the use of multiple software is necessary to perform comprehensive analyses, such as gene expression and proteomics analyses. The project code, documentation and the Java executables are available under an open source license at "url"http://code.google.com/p/dynamic-pipeline"/url". The system has been tested on Linux and Windows platforms."/p" "p"Conclusions"/p" "p"Our graph-based approach enables the automatic creation of pipelines by compiling a specialised set of tools on demand, depending on the functionality required. It also allows the implementation of extensible and low-maintenance pipelines and contributes towards consolidating openness and collaboration in bioinformatics systems. It is targeted at pipeline developers and is suited for implementing applications with sequential execution steps and combined functionalities. In the format conversion application, the automatic combination of conversion tools increased both the number of possible conversions available to the user and the extensibility of the system to allow for future updates with new file formats. Document type: Articl