THE ANALYSIS OF THE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL CON-DITIONS OF FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS OF THE URAI FEDERAL UNIVERSITY

In the last decade, researchers and sports doctors have noted an in-crease incidence of students during their studies at the university. More of-ten this connected with lack of physical activity: every day students study for 6 hours a day and do homework for 6 hours. Besides, students, espe-cially first-year students, experience constant stress which can negatively affect the process of adaptation to learning. That is why it becomes espe-cially important to study the physical and mental conditions of first-year students which influences on the success of adaptation to the student envi-ronment. In this article are presented the results of research of first-year students of the Institute of Physical Culture, Sports and Youth Policy of the Ural Federal University, studying on courses "Hotel business", "Service" and "Physical Culture". The following methods were used for the study: questioning, functional and psychological tests. 69 first-year students (17-18 years) IFCSaYP took part in the research. We researched physical and mental condition of studens based on the results of questionnaires, func-tional and psychological testing. As a result we proposed the conditions for improving the physical and mental condition of first-year students which make it possible to solve such problems as lack of phisical activity, increased morbidity and overcoming difficulties associated with the pro-cess of adaptation to the educational process at the university. In particu-lar, we are talking about the introduction of a physical pause, which uni-versities have recently ceased to apply. This can help students relax during the day, improve efficiency, to improve the assimilation of material and more quickly to find a common language with classmates and teachers combined common goal and common activities. Further development as a person and future specialist will depend on how successful a fist-year stu-dend adapts to study.В последнее десятилетие исследователи и спортивные врачи отмечают рост заболеваемости студентов во время обучения в вузе. При этом, чаще всего, это связано с недостаточной двигательной активностью: каждый день студенты проводят по 6 часов на парах в университете, столько же времени они посвящают самостоятельной подготовке, пребывая долгое время в сидячем положении. Кроме того студенты, особенно первокурсники, испытывают постоянное умственное и психическое напряжение, что может о-рицательно сказаться на процессе адаптации к обучению. В связи с этим становится особенно актуально изучить физическое и психическое состояние первокурсников, что напрямую влияет на успешность адаптации к студенческой среде. В работе представлены результаты исследования первокурсников Института физической культуры, спорта и молодежной политики (ИФКСиМП) Уральского Федерального университета (УрФУ), обучающихся на направлениях «Гостиничное дело», «Сервис» и «Физическая культура». Для прове-дения анализа использовались следующие методы исследования: анкетирование, функциональное и психологическое тестирование. В исследовании принимали участие 69 студентов первого курса (17-18 лет) ИФКСиМП. На основе результатов анкетирования, функционального и психологического тестирования проведен анализ физиче-ского и психического состояния студентов. Предложены условия улучшения физического и психического состояния первокурсников, позволяющие также решить такие актуальные проблемы, как недостаточная двигательная активность у студентов, повышенная заболеваемость и преодоление трудностей, связанных с процессом адаптации к учебному процессу в вузе. В частности речь идет о вве-дении физкультурной паузы, которую вузы в последнее время перестали применять. Это позволит студентам снять накопившуюся в течение дня усталость, повысить работоспособность, улучшить усвоение материала и быстрее найти общий язык с однокурсниками и преподавателями, объединенными общей целью и общей деятельностью. От того, насколько успешно бывший школьник впишется в новый учебный процесс, зависит его дальнейшее развитие как человека и будущего специалиста

Selection of Elements at the Dissolution of Heat Resistant Nickel Alloys in Mineral Acid Solutions

Thermodynamic modeling of the interaction of a heat-resistant nickel alloy containing refractory rare metals with hydrochloric, sulfuric and nitric acids with a temperature change in the range of 20-100 ∘ C and a concentration of 50 to 150 g / dm3 at a pressure of 1 atm was carried out. The thermodynamic assessment data were confirmed in experiments on the anodic dissolution of the alloy in sulfate solutions. According to the results of x-ray phase analysis of the sludge, it was revealed that tungsten in the form of a solid solution in nickel passes to this product. Also, tantalum and niobium pass into the slurry in the form of oxides. Mostly, Re, Co, Cr passed into the electrolyte solution. The results of the study can serve as a scientific basis for the development of promising technologies for processing metal waste from heat-resistant alloys. Keywords: thermodynamic modeling, heat resistant nickel alloy, rare elements, mineral acids, dissolutio

Influence of Anthropogenic Factor on the Diversity of Phytonematodes in the Soil

Проведено порівняльний аналіз видового складу та структури комплексів фітонематод у природному та антропогенно трансформованих ценозах. Встановлено, що під впливом антропогенного чинника в популяціях фітонематод відбуваються глибокі зміни: зменшується загальна кількість видів, змінюється статус домінування окремих видів. The comparative analysis of species composition and structure of complexes soil nematodes in natural and anthropogenic transformation coenoses was held. It was established that under the influence of anthropogenic factor in nematodes’ populations undergo such profound changes as: decreases the total number of species, changes the dominance status of individual species.Роботу виконано на кафедрі екології та охорони природи ЧНПУ ім. Т. Г. Шевченк

Anaerobic utilization of pectinous substrates at extremely haloalkaline conditions by Natranaerovirga pectinivora gen. nov., sp. nov., and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica sp. nov., isolated from hypersaline soda lakes

Anaerobic enrichments at pH 10, with pectin and polygalacturonates as substrates and inoculated with samples of sediments of hypersaline soda lakes from the Kulunda Steppe (Altai, Russia) demonstrated the potential for microbial pectin degradation up to soda-saturating conditions. The enrichments resulted in the isolation of six strains of obligately anaerobic fermentative bacteria, which represented a novel deep lineage within the order Clostridiales loosely associated with the family Lachnospiraceae. The isolates were rod-shaped and formed terminal round endospores. One of the striking features of the novel group is a very narrow substrate spectrum for growth, restricted to galacturonic acid and its polymers (e.g. pectin). Acetate and formate were the final fermentation products. Growth was possible in a pH range from 8 to 10.5, with an optimum at pH 9.5–10, and in a salinity range from 0.2 to 3.5 M Na+. On the basis of unique phenotypic properties and distinct phylogeny, the pectinolytic isolates are proposed to be assigned to a new genus Natranaerovirga with two species N. hydrolytica (APP2T=DSM24176T=UNIQEM U806T) and N. pectinivora (AP3T=DSM24629T=UNIQEM U805T)

Evidence of the Generation of Isosaccharinic Acids and Their Subsequent Degradation by Local Microbial Consortia within Hyper-Alkaline Contaminated Soils, with Relevance to Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste Disposal

The contamination of surface environments with hydroxide rich wastes leads to the formation of high pH (>11.0) soil profiles. One such site is a legacy lime works at Harpur Hill, Derbyshire where soil profile indicated in-situ pH values up to pH 12. Soil and porewater profiles around the site indicated clear evidence of the presence of the α and β stereoisomers of isosaccharinic acid (ISA) resulting from the anoxic, alkaline degradation of cellulosic material. ISAs are of particular interest with regards to the disposal of cellulosic materials contained within the intermediate level waste (ILW) inventory of the United Kingdom, where they may influence radionuclide mobility via complexation events occurring within a geological disposal facility (GDF) concept. The mixing of uncontaminated soils with the alkaline leachate of the site resulted in ISA generation, where the rate of generation in-situ is likely to be dependent upon the prevailing temperature of the soil. Microbial consortia present in the uncontaminated soil were capable of surviving conditions imposed by the alkaline leachate and demonstrated the ability to utilise ISAs as a carbon source. Leachate-contaminated soil was sub-cultured in a cellulose degradation product driven microcosm operating at pH 11, the consortia present were capable of the degradation of ISAs and the generation of methane from the resultant H2/CO2 produced from fermentation processes. Following microbial community analysis, fermentation processes appear to be predominated by Clostridia from the genus Alkaliphilus sp, with methanogenesis being attributed to Methanobacterium and Methanomassiliicoccus sp. The study is the first to identify the generation of ISA within an anthropogenic environment and advocates the notion that microbial activity within an ILW-GDF is likely to influence the impact of ISAs upon radionuclide migration

Mobilisation of arsenic from bauxite residue (red mud) affected soils: effect of pH and redox conditions

The tailings dam breach at the Ajka alumina plant, western Hungary in 2010 introduced ~1 million m3 of red mud suspension into the surrounding area. Red mud (fine fraction bauxite residue) has a characteristically alkaline pH and contains several potentially toxic elements, including arsenic. Aerobic and anaerobic batch experiments were prepared using soils from near Ajka in order to investigate the effects of red mud addition on soil biogeochemistry and arsenic mobility in soil–water experiments representative of land affected by the red mud spill. XAS analysis showed that As was present in the red mud as As(V) in the form of arsenate. The remobilisation of red mud associated arsenate was highly pH dependent and the addition of phosphate to red mud suspensions greatly enhanced As release to solution. In aerobic batch experiments, where red mud was mixed with soils, As release to solution was highly dependent on pH. Carbonation of these alkaline solutions by dissolution of atmospheric CO2 reduced pH, which resulted in a decrease of aqueous As concentrations over time. However, this did not result in complete removal of aqueous As in any of the experiments. Carbonation did not occur in anaerobic experiments and pH remained high. Aqueous As concentrations initially increased in all the anaerobic red mud amended experiments, and then remained relatively constant as the systems became more reducing, both XANES and HPLC–ICP-MS showed that no As reduction processes occurred and that only As(V) species were present. These experiments show that there is the potential for increased As mobility in soil–water systems affected by red mud addition under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Desulfonatronovibrio halophilus sp. nov., a novel moderately halophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium from hypersaline chloride–sulfate lakes in Central Asia

Four strains of lithotrophic sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) have been enriched and isolated from anoxic sediments of hypersaline chloride–sulfate lakes in the Kulunda Steppe (Altai, Russia) at 2 M NaCl and pH 7.5. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates were closely related to each other and belonged to the genus Desulfonatronovibrio, which, so far, included only obligately alkaliphilic members found exclusively in soda lakes. The isolates utilized formate, H2 and pyruvate as electron donors and sulfate, sulfite and thiosulfate as electron acceptors. In contrast to the described species of the genus Desulfonatronovibrio, the salt lake isolates could only tolerate high pH (up to pH 9.4), while they grow optimally at a neutral pH. They belonged to the moderate halophiles growing between 0.2 and 2 M NaCl with an optimum at 0.5 M. On the basis of their distinct phenotype and phylogeny, the described halophilic SRB are proposed to form a novel species within the genus Desulfonatronovibrio, D. halophilus (type strain HTR1T = DSM24312T = UNIQEM U802T)

Desulfuribacillus alkaliarsenatis gen. nov. sp. nov., a deep-lineage, obligately anaerobic, dissimilatory sulfur and arsenate-reducing, haloalkaliphilic representative of the order Bacillales from soda lakes

An anaerobic enrichment culture inoculated with a sample of sediments from soda lakes of the Kulunda Steppe with elemental sulfur as electron acceptor and formate as electron donor at pH 10 and moderate salinity inoculated with sediments from soda lakes in Kulunda Steppe (Altai, Russia) resulted in the domination of a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium strain AHT28. The isolate is an obligate anaerobe capable of respiratory growth using elemental sulfur, thiosulfate (incomplete reduction) and arsenate as electron acceptor with H2, formate, pyruvate and lactate as electron donor. Growth was possible within a pH range from 9 to 10.5 (optimum at pH 10) and a salt concentration at pH 10 from 0.2 to 2 M total Na+ (optimum at 0.6 M). According to the phylogenetic analysis, strain AHT28 represents a deep independent lineage within the order Bacillales with a maximum of 90 % 16S rRNA gene similarity to its closest cultured representatives. On the basis of its distinct phenotype and phylogeny, the novel haloalkaliphilic anaerobe is suggested as a new genus and species, Desulfuribacillus alkaliarsenatis (type strain AHT28T = DSM24608T = UNIQEM U855T)