Formação docente por meio de jogos de realidade alternativa: uma proposta de curso de formação continuada a distância para professores de Espanhol

Over the last 30 years, CALL researchers have developed ways to implement the processes of language learning and teaching by using digital technologies in a variety of contexts. In this study, we investigated assumptions to support the design of a distance education course for Spanish teachers using an alternative reality game as a strategy to base the course proposed. To do it, we used a review of literature conducted in Brazilian Journals and a survey applied to collect data. As a result, we identified the interest of language teachers in an online continuing education course about the proposed thematics.Nos últimos 30 anos, pesquisadores em CALL têm desenvolvido formas de aprimorar os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem de línguas pelo uso de tecnologias em contextos variados. Neste estudo, investigamos pressupostos para a elaboração de uma proposta de curso de formação continuada para docentes de espanhol pelo uso de jogos de realidade alternativa. Para isso, realizamos uma revisão de literatura, com foco em estudos brasileiros publicados entre 2019 e 2021, além disso, consideramos dados obtidos pela aplicação de um questionário piloto. Resultados identificam o interesse dos professores de línguas adicionais em cursos on-line de formação continuada sobre as temáticas propostas

Behavior Analysis's Procedure to Improve Social Interactions Among Young Developmental Disabled Students and their Peers

Social interaction has been considered a great problem regarding people who have disabilities. Research for developing procedures to ensure social interactions has been considered important by behavior analysts. This work aims to assess a procedure to increase and develop better social interactions among young developmental disabled students and their peers. First it was carried out by the researchers an initial evaluation of social interactions performed by students on gym classes. After this phase, the couch was trained by researchers how to deal with students through meetings before classes and feedback right before and after classes. The couch was trained to lead all his students to play one of the different games and to increase the occurrences of social interaction with their peers. A final phase was taken without any instruction to gym teacher so that it could be evaluated if teacher’s behaviors toward improving social interactions of his students were maintained. The results suggested that the procedure had been successful to increase amount and improve quality of social interactions among students

CRESCIMENTO E DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONÔMICO: A INTERVENÇÃO DO ESTADO NA ECONOMIA

Este estudo é resultado de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, cujo objetivo foi compreender o papel do governo na economia, por meio de mecanismos intervencionistas. O intervencionismo é um sistema político e econômico, no qual o Estado intervém na economia diretamente, por meio de investimentos, empresas públicas, tarifas de serviços públicos, programas assistencialistas e, indiretamente, por meio de autarquias, subsídios às empresas privadas, definições de tributos e taxas, fixação dos salários mínimos e inúmeros outros mecanismos que são utilizados para manter o equilíbrio de mercado. Toda essa conduta tomada pelo Estado tem como intuito o crescimento e o desenvolvimento econômico da nação, visto que de nada adianta crescer economicamente se não há propagação da qualidade de vida para a população. Os estudos evidenciaram que a intervenção Estatal é imprescindível, pois sem a presença do Estado, a economia funcionaria de modo ineficaz, pois as estruturas de mercado não conseguiriam desenvolver todo o processo cíclico sozinhas.Palavras-chave: Intervencionismo Estatal. Crescimento e desenvolvimento. Economia.

Structural insights into chaperone addiction of toxin-antitoxin systems

International audienceSecB chaperones assist protein export by binding both unfolded proteins and the SecA motor. Certain SecB homologs can also control toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems known to modulate bacterial growth in response to stress. In such TA-chaperone (TAC) systems, SecB assists the folding and prevents degradation of the antitoxin, thus facilitating toxin inhibition. Chaperone dependency is conferred by a C-terminal extension in the antitoxin known as chaperone addiction (ChAD) sequence, which makes the antitoxin aggregation-prone and prevents toxin inhibition. Using TAC of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we present the structure of a SecB-like chaperone bound to its ChAD peptide. We find differences in the binding interfaces when compared to SecB–SecA or SecB-preprotein complexes, and show that the antitoxin can reach a functional form while bound to the chaperone. This work reveals how chaperones can use discrete surface binding regions to accommodate different clients or partners and thereby expand their substrate repertoire and functions

Transcriptome analysis of leaves, flowers and fruits perisperm of Coffea arabica L. reveals the differential expression of genes involved in raffinose biosynthesis

Coffea arabica L. is an important crop in several developing countries. Despite its economic importance, minimal transcriptome data are available for fruit tissues, especially during fruit development where several compounds related to coffee quality are produced. To understand the molecular aspects related to coffee fruit and grain development, we report a large-scale transcriptome analysis of leaf, flower and perisperm fruit tissue development. Illumina sequencing yielded 41,881,572 high-quality filtered reads. De novo assembly generated 65,364 unigenes with an average length of 1,264 bp. A total of 24,548 unigenes were annotated as protein coding genes, including 12,560 full-length sequences. In the annotation process, we identified nine candidate genes related to the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligossacarides (RFOs). These sugars confer osmoprotection and are accumulated during initial fruit development. Four genes from this pathway had their transcriptional pattern validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, we identified ~24,000 putative target sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) and 134 putative transcriptionally active transposable elements (TE) sequences in our dataset. This C. arabica transcriptomic atlas provides an important step for identifying candidate genes related to several coffee metabolic pathways, especially those related to fruit chemical composition and therefore beverage quality. Our results are the starting point for enhancing our knowledge about the coffee genes that are transcribed during the flowering and initial fruit development stages. (Résumé d'auteur

Protein folding activity of ribosomal rna is a selective target of two unrelated antiprion drugs

Background: 6-Aminophenanthridine (6AP) and Guanabenz (GA, a drug currently in use for the treatment of hypertension) were isolated as antiprion drugs using a yeast-based assay. These structurally unrelated molecules are also active against mammalian prion in several cell-based assays and in vivo in a mouse model for prion-based diseases.Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we report the identification of cellular targets of these drugs. Using affinity chromatography matrices for both drugs, we demonstrate an RNA-dependent interaction of 6AP and GA with the ribosome. These specific interactions have no effect on the peptidyl transferase activity of the ribosome or on global translation. In contrast, 6AP and GA specifically inhibit the ribosomal RNA-mediated protein folding activity of the ribosome.Conclusion/Significance: 6AP and GA are therefore the first compounds to selectively inhibit the protein folding activity of the ribosome. They thus constitute precious tools to study the yet largely unexplored biological role of this protein folding activity

Protein Folding Activity of Ribosomal RNA Is a Selective Target of Two Unrelated Antiprion Drugs

International audienceBACKGROUND: 6-Aminophenanthridine (6AP) and Guanabenz (GA, a drug currently in use for the treatment of hypertension) were isolated as antiprion drugs using a yeast-based assay. These structurally unrelated molecules are also active against mammalian prion in several cell-based assays and in vivo in a mouse model for prion-based diseases. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we report the identification of cellular targets of these drugs. Using affinity chromatography matrices for both drugs, we demonstrate an RNA-dependent interaction of 6AP and GA with the ribosome. These specific interactions have no effect on the peptidyl transferase activity of the ribosome or on global translation. In contrast, 6AP and GA specifically inhibit the ribosomal RNA-mediated protein folding activity of the ribosome. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: 6AP and GA are therefore the first compounds to selectively inhibit the protein folding activity of the ribosome. They thus constitute precious tools to study the yet largely unexplored biological role of this protein folding activity

Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Cirrhotic Patients at a Reference Center in Belém-PA, Analysis of 10 years

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the demographic, ethyological and clinical aspects of patients with liver cirrhosis treated in the Chronic Liver Disease Center. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study based on the analysis of 580 pacients’ medical records with the diagnosis of hepatic cirrhosis treated from 2004 to 2014 in Belém, Brazil. Conclusions: the profile was predominantly of male patients, aged between 51 and 60 years, coming from the capital ​​Belem, whose main etiologies of cirrhosis were C hepatitis and alcohol. Ascites was the most frequent clinical manifestation and Child-Pugh score A was the most prevalent

TRANSTORNOS DO ESPECTRO DO AUTISMO (TEA) E SUAS CORRELAÇÕES NEUROLÓGICAS: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) constitute a complex and heterogeneous set of neuropsychiatric conditions characterized by challenges in social communication, repetitive patterns of behavior, restricted interests and a variety of clinical manifestations. Objective: This literature review aims to examine the neurological correlations of ASD, highlighting the influence of genetic, environmental and neurobiological factors on the manifestations of this condition. Methodology: The methodology used in the bibliographic review is presented, highlighting the careful selection of studies published in the last 15 years. Systematic search in renowned scientific databases such as PubMed and Scopus. Several methodological approaches, including neuroimaging and genetic studies, were covered in the analysis of selected studies. Results and Discussion: The results and discussion focus on the neurological correlations of ASD, revealing structural and functional differences in brain areas such as the prefrontal cortex and the "social brain" network. The interaction between genetic and environmental factors is highlighted, showing genetic heterogeneity and the impact of exposure to pollutants. Conclusion: The conclusion underscores the clinical importance of the identified neurological correlations, especially for early diagnosis and personalized therapeutic interventions. Atypical brain development, dysfunctions in brain connectivity and the neurobiology of sociability and empathy are highlighted as areas of advancement in the understanding of ASD. Overall, the article emphasizes the continued need for interdisciplinary research to address the complex challenges presented by ASD, with the hope of improving the quality of life of people affected by this neuropsychiatric condition.Los Trastornos del Espectro Autista (TEA) constituyen un conjunto complejo y heterogéneo de condiciones neuropsiquiátricas caracterizadas por desafíos en la comunicación social, patrones repetitivos de comportamiento, intereses restringidos y una variedad de manifestaciones clínicas. Objetivo: Esta revisión de la literatura tiene como objetivo examinar las correlaciones neurológicas del TEA, destacando la influencia de factores genéticos, ambientales y neurobiológicos en las manifestaciones de esta condición. Metodología: Se presenta la metodología utilizada en la revisión bibliográfica, destacando la cuidadosa selección de estudios publicados en los últimos 15 años. Búsqueda sistemática en bases de datos científicas de renombre como PubMed y Scopus. Resultados y Discusión: Los resultados y la discusión se enfocan en las correlaciones neurológicas del TEA, revelando diferencias estructurales y funcionales en áreas del cerebro tales como la corteza prefrontal y la red del "cerebro social". Se destaca la interacción entre factores genéticos y ambientales, mostrando la heterogeneidad genética y el impacto de la exposición a contaminantes. Conclusión: La conclusión subraya la importancia clínica de las correlaciones neurológicas identificadas, especialmente para el diagnóstico precoz y las intervenciones terapéuticas personalizadas. El desarrollo cerebral atípico, las disfunciones en la conectividad cerebral y la neurobiología de la sociabilidad y la empatía se destacan como áreas de avance en la comprensión de los TEA. En general, el artículo enfatiza la necesidad continua de investigación interdisciplinaria para abordar los complejos desafíos que presenta el TEA, con la esperanza de mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas afectadas por esta afección neuropsiquiátrica.Os Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) constituem um conjunto complexo e heterogêneo de condições neuropsiquiátricas caracterizadas por desafios na comunicação social, padrões repetitivos de comportamento, interesses restritos e uma variedade de manifestações clínicas. Objetivo: Esta revisão bibliográfica tem como objetivo examinar as correlações neurológicas dos TEA, destacando a influência de fatores genéticos, ambientais e neurobiológicos nas manifestações dessa condição. Metodologia: A metodologia empregada na revisão bibliográfica é apresentada, destacando a seleção criteriosa de estudos publicados nos últimos 15 anos. A busca sistemática em bases de dados científicas renomadas, como PubMed e Scopus. Diversas abordagens metodológicas, incluindo estudos de neuroimagem e genética, foram abrangidas na análise dos estudos selecionados. Resultados e Discussão: Os resultados e discussão enfocam as correlações neurológicas dos TEA, revelando diferenças estruturais e funcionais em áreas cerebrais como o córtex pré-frontal e a rede de "cérebro social". A interação entre fatores genéticos e ambientais é ressaltada, evidenciando a heterogeneidade genética e o impacto da exposição a poluentes. Conclusão: A conclusão ressalta a importância clínica das correlações neurológicas identificadas, especialmente para o diagnóstico precoce e intervenções terapêuticas personalizadas. O desenvolvimento cerebral atípico, disfunções na conectividade cerebral e a neurobiologia da sociabilidade e empatia são destacados como áreas de avanço na compreensão dos TEA. No geral, o artigo enfatiza a necessidade contínua de pesquisas interdisciplinares para enfrentar os desafios complexos apresentados pelos TEA, com a esperança de melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas afetadas por essa condição neuropsiquiátrica.  Os Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) constituem um conjunto complexo e heterogêneo de condições neuropsiquiátricas caracterizadas por desafios na comunicação social, padrões repetitivos de comportamento, interesses restritos e uma variedade de manifestações clínicas. Objetivo: Esta revisão bibliográfica tem como objetivo examinar as correlações neurológicas dos TEA, destacando a influência de fatores genéticos, ambientais e neurobiológicos nas manifestações dessa condição. Metodologia: A metodologia empregada na revisão bibliográfica é apresentada, destacando a seleção criteriosa de estudos publicados nos últimos 15 anos. A busca sistemática em bases de dados científicas renomadas, como PubMed e Scopus. Diversas abordagens metodológicas, incluindo estudos de neuroimagem e genética, foram abrangidas na análise dos estudos selecionados. Resultados e Discussão: Os resultados e discussão enfocam as correlações neurológicas dos TEA, revelando diferenças estruturais e funcionais em áreas cerebrais como o córtex pré-frontal e a rede de "cérebro social". A interação entre fatores genéticos e ambientais é ressaltada, evidenciando a heterogeneidade genética e o impacto da exposição a poluentes. Conclusão: A conclusão ressalta a importância clínica das correlações neurológicas identificadas, especialmente para o diagnóstico precoce e intervenções terapêuticas personalizadas. O desenvolvimento cerebral atípico, disfunções na conectividade cerebral e a neurobiologia da sociabilidade e empatia são destacados como áreas de avanço na compreensão dos TEA. No geral, o artigo enfatiza a necessidade contínua de pesquisas interdisciplinares para enfrentar os desafios complexos apresentados pelos TEA, com a esperança de melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas afetadas por essa condição neuropsiquiátrica.

Kinin B(1) receptor deficiency leads to leptin hypersensitivity and resistance to obesity

OBJECTIVE-Kinins mediate pathophysiological processes related to hypertension, pain, and inflammation through the activation of two G-protein-coupled receptors, named B(1) and B(2). Although these peptides have been related to glucose homeostasis, their effects on energy balance are still unknown.RESEARCH DESIGN and METHODS-Using genetic and pharmacological strategies to abrogate the kinin B(1) receptor in different animal models of obesity, here we present evidence of a novel role for kinins in the regulation of satiety and adiposity.RESULTS-Kinin B(1) receptor deficiency in mice (B(1)(-/-)) resulted in less fat content, hypoleptinemia, increased leptin sensitivity, and robust protection against high-fat diet-induced weight gain. Under high-fat diet, B(1)(-/-) also exhibited reduced food intake, improved lipid oxidation, and increased energy expenditure. Surprisingly, B(1) receptor deficiency was not able to decrease food intake and adiposity in obese mice lacking leptin (ob/ob-B(1)(-/-)). However, ob/ob-B(1)(-/-) mice were more responsive to the effects of exogenous leptin on body weight and food intake, suggesting that B(1) receptors may be dependent on leptin to display their metabolic roles. Finally, inhibition of weight gain and food intake by B(1) receptor ablation was pharmacologically confirmed by long-term administration of the kinin B(1) receptor antagonist SSR240612 to mice under high-fat diet.CONCLUSIONS-Our data suggest that kinin B(1) receptors participate in the regulation of the energy balance via a mechanism that could involve the modulation of leptin sensitivity.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biophys, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi Das Cruzes, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Physiol, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilSanofi Aventis, Montpellier, FranceUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilInst Natl Sante & Rech Med, Dept Renal & Cardiac Remodeling, U858 I2MR, Toulouse, FranceUniv Toulouse 3, Inst Med Mol Rangueil, F-31062 Toulouse, FranceInst Natl Rech Agron AgroParisTech, UMR914 Nutr Physiol & Ingest Behav, Paris, FranceMax Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, Berlin, GermanyUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biophys, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Physiol, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc