Oxidative Stress Associated with Chilling Injury in Immature Fruit: Postharvest Technological and Biotechnological Solutions

Immature, vegetable-like fruits are produced by crops of great economic importance, including cucumbers, zucchini, eggplants and bell peppers, among others. Because of their high respiration rates, associated with high rates of dehydration and metabolism, and their susceptibility to chilling injury (CI), vegetable fruits are highly perishable commodities, requiring particular storage conditions to avoid postharvest losses. This review focuses on the oxidative stress that affects the postharvest quality of vegetable fruits under chilling storage. We define the physiological and biochemical factors that are associated with the oxidative stress and the development of CI symptoms in these commodities, and discuss the different physical, chemical and biotechnological approaches that have been proposed to reduce oxidative stress while enhancing the chilling tolerance of vegetable fruits

Divulgación nutricional. Resolviendo dudas mediante debates

Memoria ID-0036. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2015-2016

Diseño y aplicación de una rúbrica para evaluar debates sobre divulgación nutricional

Memoria ID-0080. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2016-2017

Optical Coherence Tomography in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica: An Update

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) uses light interference patterns to produce a cross-sectional image of the retina. It is capable of measuring the unmyelinated axons of the retinal ganglionar cells as they converge on the optic disc. In a disease like multiple sclerosis (MS), in which axonal loss has been identified as an important cause of sustained disability, it may prove an invaluable tool. OCT has demonstrated that axonal loss occurs after each episode of optic neuritis and that the degree of axonal loss is correlated to visual outcomes. Furthermore, axonal loss occurs in MS even in the absence of inflammatory episodes, and the degree of this loss is correlated with the duration of the disease process, with more thinning as the disease advances and in progressive forms. Thus, OCT retinal nerve fiber layer measurements may represent an objective outcome measure with which to evaluate the effect of treatment

Involvement of ethylene biosynthesis and signalling in fruit set and early fruit development in zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.)

Background We have identified a kind of parthenocarpy in zucchini squash which is associated with an incomplete andromonoecy, i.e. a partial conversion of female into bisexual flowers. Given that andromonoecy in this and other cucurbit species is caused by a reduction of ethylene production in the female flower, the associated parthenocarpic development of the fruit suggested the involvement of ethylene in fruit set and early fruit development.Results We have compared the production of ethylene as well as the expression of 13 ethylene biosynthesis and signalling genes in pollinated and unpollinated ovaries/fruits of two cultivars, one of which is parthenocarpic (Cavili), while the other is non-parthenocarpic (Tosca). In the latter, unpollinated ovaries show an induction of ethylene biosynthesis and ethylene signal transduction pathway genes three days after anthesis, which is concomitant with the initiation of fruit abortion and senescence. Fruit set and early fruit development in pollinated flowers of both cultivars and unpollinated flowers of Cavili is coupled with low ethylene biosynthesis and signalling, which would also explain the partial andromonoecy in the parthenocarpic genotype. The reduction of ethylene production in the ovary cosegregates with parthenocarpy and partial andromonoecy in the selfing progeny of Cavili. Moreover, the induction of ethylene in anthesis (by ethephon treatments) reduced the percentage of bisexual parthenocarpic flowers in Cavili, while the inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis or response (by AVG and STS treatments) induces not only andromonoecy but also the parthenocarpic development of the fruit in both cultivars.Conclusions Results demonstrate that a reduction of ethylene production or signalling in the zucchini flower is able to induce fruit set and early fruit development, and therefore that ethylene is actively involved in fruit set and early fruit development. Auxin and TIBA treatments, inducing fruit set and early fruit development in this species, also inhibit ethylene production and the expression of ethylene biosynthesis and response genes. A model is presented that discusses the crosstalk between ethylene and auxin in the control of fruit set and early fruit development in zucchini squash.This work was supported by grants AGL2008-05619-C02-02/ALI and AGL2011-30568-C02-02/ALI, partly funded by ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and grant CVI-02617, funded by ERDF and by the Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa, Junta de Andalucía, Spain. C.M. and Z.M. acknowledge FPU program scholarships from MEC, Spain. S.M. is funded by grant PTA2011-479-I from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation

Elaboración de vídeos tutoriales con Kaltura e integración en Studium. Fomentando el aprendizaje autónomo en asignaturas de Nutrición

Memoria ID2022-231 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2022-2023

Influence of Different Phenolic Copigments on the Color of Malvidin 3-Glucoside

[EN]The effectiveness of seven phenolic compounds (catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin B2, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, myricitrin, and quercitrin) as copigments of malvidin 3-glucoside, the major anthocyanin in red wines from Vitis vinifera, using a copigment/pigment molar ratio of 1:1 was assayed ) in model wine solutions under the same conditions (pH 3.6, 12% ethanol). The stability of the copigment- ° pigment complexes formed was studied during a storage period of 60 days at 25 °C. Tristimulus colorimetry was applied for color characterization of the copigmentation process, and HPLC-DAD- MS was used to monitor changes in the composition of the samples. Copigmentation has been found to occur in all cases despite the low copigment/pigment molar ratio used, although the effect was different depending on the compound. Flavan-3-ols appeared as the less effective copigments, procyanidin B2 being even worse than monomeric flavanols, whereas flavonols behaved as the best ones. These latter copigments also induced the most statistically significant bathochromic shift in ìmax. In the colorimetric analysis, it was observed that the lightness L* of the copigmented solutions increased with time, chroma C*ab decreased, and the hue hab increased. The copigments *ab ab that produced a greater increase in the hue angle were the monomeric flavan-3-ols, which therefore showed to be the least protective cofactors against browning of the anthocyanin solution during the storage. With the time of storage, the formation of new pigments was observed in the solutions containing flavanols (xanthylium structures) and hydroxycinnamic acids (pyranoanthocyanins), whic

MTA apical barrier: in vitro study of the use of ultrasonic vibration

Background: The apexification is the first alternative treatment on a permanent tooth when, after a tooth trauma and in the presence of immature apex trauma, pulp necrosis occurs. Many studies have demonstrated the efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as apical sealing material of choice in these cases, but has a degree of filtration as all other materials. The objective of this study was to analyze the seal ability of MTA on the duct walls in immature teeth unirradicular apexes, using indirect vibration. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 45 teeth divided into 3 groups: Group A or control group in which no vibration for placing the MTA was used, Group B and C or groups where indirect vibration analysis was used. All samples were immersed in methylene blue to assess filtration. After performing longitudinal cuts millimetric measuring were made of the degree of filtration, divided into 3 degrees (2mm each grade filtration). Results: Results obtained confirm our hypothesis, obtaining lesser degree of filtration those groups in which indirect vibration (Groups B and C) was performed. It was shown that the degree of filtration is closely linked to the degree of adaptation. Conclusions: MTA vibration offers better results in its adaptation to the canal walls, significantly reducing the degree of filtration

Higher use of techniques studied and performance in melee combat produce a higher psychophysiological stress response

We aimed to analyse the effectiveness of an operative training in soldiers' psychophysiological and melee combat performance. Nineteen soldiers performed a 50-hr training for 10 weeks. After training, they were divided into two groups: higher performance group (HPG) and lower performance group (LPG), then they conducted a realistic melee simulation where psychophysiological response, task performance, and the utilization of techniques learned were measured. HPG presented a significantly (p < 0.05) higher heart rate, blood lactate, and jump height; a lower blood oxygen saturation, task performance mark, use of studied techniques than LPG after the simulation; and a higher low frequency/high frequency ratio of heart rate variability previous the simulation than LPG. Independent of performance and the use of studied techniques by the participants, the melee simulation produced an increase in fight or flight response, increasing rated of stress and perceived exertion, sympathetic modulation, and physiological response. A specific melee combat training program induced different modifications in psychophysiological and task performance depending on the level of studied technique used. HPG presented a significantly higher cardiovascular response than LPG and time perception, and memory presented no differences between groups; also HPG presented a significantly higher use of studied techniques

Valoración de la efectividad de la educación alimentaria en niños preescolares, padres y educadores

Introduction: Childhood is the period in which risk factors that can start food diseases in adults are developed. Therefore this is the appropriate moment to set up the values of a healthy diet. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in children and also the knowledge about healthy habits in children, parents and teachers before and after food education intervention as well as evaluating its effectiveness.Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study that included 94 students aged between 3 and 6 years old, 12 parents and 8 teachers. The level of healthy habits knowledge was determined with ad hoc questionnaires for all of them whereas the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet was determined with the Quality Test of the Mediterranean Diet on Childhood and Adolescence in children.Results: It has been reached a significant increase in global healthy habits knowledge (t=-6.29; p&lt;0.001), in how often they have to eat (t=-2.35; p&lt;0.05), as well as in fruit (t=-3.92; p&lt;0.01), vegetables (t=-2.35; p&lt;0.05) and fish (t=-7.42; p&lt;0.001) frequency intake in parents and also in physical activities knowledge (t=-2.58; p&lt;0.05) in children. Moreover, children’s parents with more adhesion to the Mediterranean Diet improved their healthy habits knowledge significantly (ρ=0.75; p&lt;0.01).Conclusions: Education interventions for children, parents and educators are necessary in order to increase healthy food knowledge. With food education interventions is possible to get a significant improvement in the parents’ knowledge, the main responsible for their children feeding.Introducción: La etapa infantil es el momento en el que se desarrollan los factores de riesgo que pueden desencadenar en edades adultas enfermedades relacionadas con la alimentación. Éste es el momento adecuado para instaurar las bases de una alimentación saludable. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea de niños, los conocimientos sobre hábitos saludables de niños, padres y profesores antes y después de una intervención de educación alimentaria, así como evaluar su eficacia.Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal en el que participaron 94 estudiantes de edades comprendidas entre 3 y 6 años, 12 padres y 8 profesores. Se calculó el grado de conocimientos sobre hábitos saludables mediante cuestionarios ad hoc de todos ellos y la adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea de los niños mediante el Test de Calidad de la Dieta Mediterránea en la infancia y la adolescencia.Resultados: Se consiguió un aumento significativo en los conocimientos globales sobre hábitos saludables (t=-6,29; p&lt;0,001), así como los referentes al número de comidas (t=-2,35; p&lt;0,05) y frecuencia de consumo de fruta (t=-3,92; p&lt;0,01), verdura (t=-2,35; p&lt;0,05) y pescado (t=-7,42; p&lt;0,001) de los padres y en los conocimientos sobre actividad física (t=-2,58; p&lt;0,05) de los niños. Los padres de los niños con mayor adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea mejoraron sus conocimientos sobre hábitos saludables de manera significativa (ρ=0,75; p&lt;0,01).Conclusiones: Son necesarias intervenciones educativas dirigidas a niños, padres y educadores para aumentar los conocimientos sobre alimentación saludable. Con intervenciones de educación alimentaria se consigue una mejora en los conocimientos de los padres, principales responsables de la alimentación de los menores