8 research outputs found
Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)
Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters.
Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs).
Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio
Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality
Role of pharmacological interactions in the myopathy associated with statins
Annual Meeting of the Spanish Society of Clinical Pharmacology (30º, 2018, Santander, Spain
Estimación del agua corporal total y del peso seco usando impedancia bioeléctrica tetrapolar de multifrecuencia en pacientes en hemodiálisis. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Unidad Renal Fundación Hospital San Carlos, Cruz Roja y Centro de Investigación
En la búsqueda de métodos confiables y sencillos para la medición de la composición corporal de los pacientes renales en hemodiálisis (HD) y, particularmente, del agua total corporal (TBW), se ha utilizado la bioimpedancia tetrapolar de unifrecuencia (BIA-1) y, más recientemente, la bioimpedancia tetrapolar de multifrecuencia, (BIA-4) como métodos confiables a utilizar en pacientes renales.
Es necesario conocer el agua total corporal y el peso seco lo más acertadamente posible, puesto que con ellos se determina el tratamiento dialítico, farmacológico y nutricional de los pacientes renales en hemodiálisis. Por esta razón, se realizó un estudio clínico controlado no aleatorizado en seis fases, desde el año 2001 al 2010, en el que participaron estudiantes de pregrado del Programa de Nutrición y Dietética de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, profesores de la Facultad de Medicina de la misma Universidad y el equipo de nefrólogos y nutricionistas de las unidades renales de la Fundación Hospital San Carlos, de la Cruz Roja y del Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas de Bogotá, con el fin de establecer la confiabilidad del método, determinar una ecuación para conocer el agua total corporal de pacientes renales en HD colombianos, determinar un punto de corte utilizando la resistencia de la BIA para monitorear la cantidad de agua aumentada interdiálisis de los pacientes, la presencia de síntomas, y conocer la utilidad de la normovolemia en la obtención del peso seco.
Se encontró -al igual que en otros estudios- que la BIA-4 multifrecuencia es un método que ofrece enormes posibilidades en el estudio del paciente renal, al ser sensible a los cambios de la composición corporal del individuo, además de ser un método sencillo, indoloro, no invasivo y de fácil ejecución que permite establecer el peso seco, el estado nutricional, el agua extra e intracelular, la masa magra, la masa grasa, etc. También se logró establecer la alta correlación entre la ecuación de Kushner y la ecuación Ramírez-Almanza, como se ha llamado por los apellidos de los dos investigadores principales. Además, se introdujo el método de normovolemia y la hipervolemia para la obtención del peso seco y se determinó la composición corporal de los pacientes por valoración global subjetiva MIS (Malnutrition Inflammation Score) y por BIA