32 research outputs found

    Diagnostisches Potential der Time to Positivity zur Differenzierung resistenter und empfindlicher gramnegativer Erreger

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    Ziel dieser retrospektiv durchgefĂŒhrten Studie war die ÜberprĂŒfung, ob die Time to Positivity als diagnostische GrĂ¶ĂŸe die Möglichkeit der Vorhersage von Resistenzen gramnegativer Erreger bietet

    Plectin-Isoform-Specific Rescue of Hemidesmosomal Defects in Plectin (–/–) Keratinocytes

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    The various plectin isoforms are among the major crosslinking elements of the cytoskeleton. The importance of plectin in epithelia is convincingly supported by the severe skin blistering observed in plectin-deficient humans and mice. Here, we identified plectin 1a (> 500 kDa), a full length plectin variant containing the sequence encoded by the alternative first exon 1a, as the isoform most prominently expressed in human and mouse keratinocytes. In skin sections and cultured keratinocytes, plectin 1a was shown to colocalize with hemidesmosomal structures. In contrast, a second isoform expressed in epithelia, plectin 1c, differing from 1a merely by a short N-terminal sequence, colocalized with microtubules. Expression of plectin 1a, but not of its N-terminal fragment alone, or of a third alternative full length isoform (plectin 1), restored the reduced number of hemidesmosome-like stable anchoring contacts in cultured plectin-null keratinocytes. Our results show for the first time that different isoforms of a cytolinker protein expressed in one cell type perform distinct functions. Moreover, the identification of plectin 1a as the isoform defects in which cause skin blistering in plectin-related genetic diseases, such as epidermolysis bullosa simplex MD and epidermolysis bullosa simplex Ogna, could have implications for the future development of clinical therapies for patients

    Expression patterns of epiplakin1 in pancreas,pancreatic cancer and regenerating pancreas

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    Epiplakin1 (Eppk1) is a plakin family gene with its function remains largely unknown, although the plakin genes are known to function in interconnecting cytoskeletal filaments and anchoring them at plasma membrane-associated adhesive junction. Here we analyzed the expression patterns of Eppk1 in the developing and adult pancreas in the mice. In the embryonic pancreas, Eppk1+/Pdx1+ and Eppk1+/Sox9+ pancreatic progenitor cells were observed in early pancreatic epithelium. Since Pdx1 expression overlapped with that of Sox9 at this stage, these multipotent progenitor cells are Eppk1+/Pdx1+/Sox9+ cells. Then Eppk1 expression becomes confined to Ngn3+ or Sox9+ endocrine progenitor cells, and p48+ exocrine progenitor cells, and then restricted to the duct cells and a cells at birth. In the adult pancreas, Eppk1 is expressed in centroacinar cells (CACs) and in duct cells. Eppk1 is observed in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), previously identified as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) precursor lesions. In addition, the expansion of Eppk1-positive cells occurs in a caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis, an acinar cell regeneration model. Furthermore, in the partial pancreatectomy (Px) regeneration model using mice, Eppk1 is expressed in "ducts in foci", a tubular structure transiently induced. These results suggest that Eppk1 serves as a useful marker for detecting pancreatic progenitor cells in developing and regenerating pancreas

    Enclosures for solutions of overdetermined linear systems using a directed QR-decomposition

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    As the title predicts, in this masterthesis we are looking for a method which provides enclosures for solutions of overdetermined linear systems of equations, allowing for inaccuracies in the input data, i.e., for errors in the parameters. Assuming the system to have a solution, the (useable) system with perturbated parameters is generally not solveable. Therefore we have to consider the least squares problem with those. Knowing bounds for the perturbations, they can be translated into so-called hybrid norms. Using those and assuming exact arithmetic, we show that theoretic bounds can be computed for the solution by a reduced QR-decomposition. Since we have to take into account roundoff errors in floating point arithmetic, we need stronger tools for enclosure. Computing a QR-decomposition, basing on the Householder method, in a specific way, we can control these errors during the factorization, and combine them with the initial errors to hybrid norms, so that it will also be possible to obtain enclosures for the existing solutions. In addition, Matlab code, which perform the upcoming concept, will be presented. Entering inaccurate parameters and bounds for the size of the perturbations provides an interval vector containg the solution of the overdetermined system. Finally, we will analyze the algorithm and compare it to the evaluation of a (floating point) solution, using the Householder method.Wie der Titel vermuten lĂ€sst, ist Gegenstand dieser Masterarbeit die Einschließung von Lösungen ĂŒberbestimmter Gleichungssysteme. Dabei werden Fehler in den Eingangsdaten erlaubt. Unter Annahme der Lösbarkeit des zugrundeliegenden ĂŒberbestimmten Systems ist das verwendbare, "gestörte" System im Allgemeinen nicht mehr lösbar. Deshalb betrachtet man nun das Ausgleichsproblem mit diesen fehlerbehafteten Parametern. Sind (Schranken fĂŒr) die Eingangsfehler bekannt, können diese in sogenannte Hybridnormen ĂŒbersetzt werden, mit deren Hilfe man unter Verwendung einer reduzierten QR-Zerlegung in exakter Arithmetik Einschließungen finden kann. Da in der Praxis jedoch Rundungsfehler berĂŒcksichtig werden mĂŒssen, werden stĂ€rkere Hilfsmittel benötigt. In Kapitel 3 und 4 wird beschrieben, wie eine QR-Faktorisierung berechnet werden kann, bei welcher Rundungsfehler kontrolliert werden können. FĂŒhrt man diese gerichtete QR-Zerlegung, basierend auf dem Householder-Verfahren, an der fehlerbehafteten Matrix des Ausgleichsproblems durch, gelingt es, die Fortpflanzung der Rundungsfehler in der Zerlegung, zusĂ€tzlich zu den Eingangsfehlern, in Hybridnormen zu vereinen. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, auch in Gleitkommaarithmetik Einschließungen zu berechnen. Desweiteren werden Matlab-Programme vorgestellt, die das Kozept dieser Arbeit umsetzen. Durch Eingabe fehlerhafter Parameter eines zugrunde liegenden ĂŒberbestimmten Gleichungssystems und Schranken fĂŒr die GrĂ¶ĂŸe der Fehler, wird ein Intervalvektor ausgegeben, der die Lösung des Gleichungssystems enththĂ€lt. In Kapitel 6 werden grundlegende Eigenschaften wie Laufzeit und GrĂ¶ĂŸe der Einschließungen dieser Methode analysiert

    Vergleich verschiedener PrÀmedikationsstrategien zur Herzfrequenz - Reduktion vor koronarer Computertomographie

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    Die koronare Computertomographie Angiographie (CTA) nimmt in der nicht - invasiven Diagnostik der koronaren Herzkrankheit (KHK) einen hohen Stellenwert ein. Da die Bewegung des Herzens zu Artefakten fĂŒhrt, steht die BildqualitĂ€t von Herz - Computertomographie (CT) Untersuchungen im direkten Zusammenhang mit der Herzfrequenz. Um eine Minimierung dieser Artefakte zu erreichen, wird in den allermeisten Zentren eine Herzfrequenz - Reduktion mittels oraler oder intravenöser Gabe von - Blockern durchgefĂŒhrt. Die orale Einmalgabe eines selektiven IF - Kanal Blockers (Ivabradin) wurde bisher nicht systematisch untersucht. Ein eventuell additiver Effekt beider Substanzklassen wurde ebenso wenig analysiert. Das Studienziel war der Vergleich der Auswirkung verschiedener PrĂ€medikationsstrategien auf Herzfrequenz und Blutdruck, sowie die Auswirkung auf die BildqualitĂ€t der CT - Untersuchungen. HierfĂŒr wurde eine Bewertung der Beurteilbarkeit der einzelnen KoronargefĂ€ĂŸsegmente mit Beachtung von Bewegungsartefakten vorgenommen, Limitationen, Vor - und Nachteile der verschiedenen PrĂ€medikationsstrategien wurden erhoben, ausgewertet und miteinander verglichen. Insgesamt erhielten 200 Patienten mit einer Herzfrequenz > 60 SchlĂ€gen pro Minute eine orale PrĂ€medikation vor DurchfĂŒhrung der Untersuchung. Die Patienten wurden in vier Gruppen eingeteilt und mittels Placebo, 50 mg Metoprolol, 15 mg Ivabradin, oder einer Kombination (50 mg Metoprolol plus 15 mg Ivabradin) vorbereitet. Puls und Blutdruck wurden vor der Gabe der PrĂ€medikation und unmittelbar vor DurchfĂŒhrung des Herz - CTs protokolliert. Die Herzfrequenz wurde zusĂ€tzlich auch wĂ€hrend der CTA dokumentiert. Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass eine Kombinationstherapie aus Ivabradin und Metoprolol den grĂ¶ĂŸten Effekt bezĂŒglich der Herzfrequenz - Reduktion hat und die Herzfrequenz signifikant besser senken kann als eine PrĂ€medikation mit dem - Blocker Metoprolol oder dem IF - Strom Inhibitor Ivabradin.Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the heart is highly relevant in the diagnostics of coronary artery disease. Since the movement of the heart leads to motion artifacts in the coronary arteries, image quality of coronary CTA is highly dependent on heart rate. To minimize motion artifacts, it is crucial to optimize and lower the patients heart rate, which is commonly achieved by administering oral or intravenous - blockers. The oral administration of the selective heart rate lowering IF - Inhibitor Ivabradine has not been systematically investigated yet. A possible additive effect of both substances, - blockers and Ivabradine, has also not been analyzed. The aim of this study was to compare different premedication strategies, to evaluate heart - rate and blood pressure and their impact on image quality of coronary CTA. Therefore, we analyzed the assessment of the coronary arteries with focus on motion artifacts. Limitations, advantages and disadvantages of different premedication strategies were documented and compared. 200 patients with a heart rate > 60 beats per minute (bpm) received an oral premedication prior to the examination. Patients were randomized into four groups and were administered either placebo, 50 mg of Metoprolol, 15 mg of Ivabradine, 50 mg of Metoprolol or a combination of 50 mg Metoprolol and 15 mg Ivabradine. Heart rate and blood pressure were monitored before the administration of the premedication and also immediately prior to the CTA. Heart rate was also documented during the CTA. In summary, a combined premedication with Ivabradine and Metoprolol had the biggest impact on heart rate reduction and was more effective in lowering the heart rate compared to a premedication with the - blocker Metoprolol or the IF - Inhibitor Ivabradine.Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersArbeit an der Bibliothek noch nicht eingelangt - Daten nicht geprĂŒftMedizinische UniversitĂ€t Wien, Diplomarb., 2019(VLID)450471

    Efficacy of Topical Hemostatic Agents: A Comparative Evaluation of Two Gelatin/Thrombin-Based Hemostatic Matrices in a Porcine Kidney Surgical Model

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    Purpose: Topical hemostatic agents are an important means of controlling or preventing bleeding. This study was performed to compare gelatin–thrombin matrix with smooth particles (SmGM) versus gelatin–thrombin matrix with stellate particles (StGM) in a porcine kidney bleeding model. Materials and methods: In male pigs, reproducible lesions (diameter and depth ∌10 mm) were created in the renal cortex. Each lesion was treated topically using either SmGM or StGM. Blood loss was quantified before and 2, 5 and 10 minutes after treatment. Dry mass, ultrastructural and histologic analyses were also performed. Results: Thirty-two lesions were treated with SmGM and 32 with StGM; median initial bleeding rates were 27.6 and 29.1 mL/min, respectively. Two minutes post-application, SmGM was associated with significantly less bleeding than StGM (0.574 vs 0.920 mL/min; p 29 mL/min, where bleeding rates at 2 minutes were ∌3-fold higher with StGM (1.636 vs 0.567 mL/min; p ≄ 0.040). Dry mass per unit volume of hemostatic agent was significantly higher with SmGM versus StGM. SmGM formed discrete, smooth particles, while StGM particles were stellate and tended to coalesce. Histologic analysis showed more solid mass, larger particles and less intervening space with SmGM versus StGM. Conclusions: In a severe, high-volume bleeding model, residual bleeding at 2 minutes was significantly lower with SmGM versus StGM, and SmGM showed greater consistency across bleeding intensities. These findings may be attributable to dry mass per unit volume and/or ultrastructural differences between the two agents
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