A importância da religião no contexto dos cuidados paliativos

It is an exploratory and bibliographical research, with a qualitative approach and historical method, the result of a doctoral study with the objective of analyzing the relationship of patients under palliative care and their families with religion. In January 2017 and January 2018, 8 patients and 3 family members of patients admitted to a hospital in the city of São Paulo specialized in palliative care were interviewed. A semi-structured script was used with questions about the religious experience before and after the illness. The results were 8 (72.72%) were Catholic, 2 (18.18%) were spiritists and 1 (9.09%) were atheist. Most (54.54%) sought help within their own religion, however, 2 (36.36%) said they accepted help from any religion. Confirming the hypothesis that showed that (81.81%) seek support in religion when facing death.Se trata de una investigación exploratoria y bibliográfica, con enfoque cualitativo y método histórico, resultado de un estudio de doctorado con el objetivo de analizar la relación de los pacientes en cuidados paliativos y sus familiares con la religión. En enero de 2017 y enero de 2018, fueron entrevistados 8 pacientes y 3 familiares de pacientes internados en un hospital de la ciudad de São Paulo especializado en cuidados paliativos. Se utilizó un guión semiestructurado con preguntas sobre la experiencia religiosa antes y después de la enfermedad. Los resultados fueron 8 (72,72%) católicos, 2 (18,18%) espiritistas y 1 (9,09%) ateo. La mayoría (54,54%) buscó ayuda dentro de su propia religión, sin embargo, 2 (36,36%) dijeron que aceptaban ayuda de cualquier religión. Confirmándose la hipótesis que mostró que (81,81%) buscan apoyo en la religión ante la muerte.E uma pesquisa exploratória e bibliográfica, de abordagem qualitativa e método histórico, resultado de um estudo de doutorado com o objetivo de analisar a relação dos pacientes sob cuidados paliativos e seus familiares com a religião. Em janeiro de 2017 e janeiro de 2018 entrevistou-se 8 pacientes e 3 familiares de pacientes internados em um hospital da cidade de São Paulo especializado em cuidados paliativos. Foi utilizado um roteiro semiestruturado com questões sobre a vivência religiosa antes e depois do adoecimento. Sendo os resultados 8 (72,72%) eram católicos, 2 (18,18%) espíritas e 1 (9,09%) ateu. A maior parte (54,54%), buscou ajuda dentro da própria religião, porém, 2 (36,36%) afirmaram aceitavam socorro de qualquer religião. Confirmando a hipótese que demostrou que (81,81%) buscam apoio na religião quando estão diante da morte

REMOÇÃO DE CÁLCIO DE EFLUENTE DE MÁQUINA DE PAPEL POR PRECIPITAÇÃO/COPRECIPITAÇÃO

In integrates pulp and paper mills, the effluent generated by the paper machine can be considered as a sector effluent, called white water, due to the high concentration of calcium. In this work, experiments were conducted to understand the behavior of the effluent in different pH values and to develop removal methods of calcium from the white water, aiming the reuse of water and the calcium recovery. Potentiometric titrations were carried out with HCl 0.022 mol L-1 and NaOH 0.025 mol L-1 standards, after adjusting the effluent pH at 12.0 and 2.0; respectively, which indicated inflection points for the carbonate, bicarbonate and kaolin, components capable of interaction with the soluble calcium. The methods for calcium removal consisted of coprecipitation/adsorption with iron (III) and aluminum hydroxides, and precipitation in the presence of sodium oxalate. The results indicated that at low concentrations of ferric sulfate and aluminum sulfate, the removal of calcium is low. In the adsorption assays in the presence of Fe(OH)3 and Al(OH)3, the increased of the ferric sulfate concentration enabled a slight increase in the calcium removal (16.5 to 31.0 %), reaching 65.0% in the adsorption more precipitation process in pH 10.0. In case of aluminum sulfate, the removal percentages were indifferent (close to 10.0%). In the precipitation of Ca2+ in the oxalate presence, the possibility of satisfactory percentages of removal was observed (75 to 87%), keeping the effluent with the conductivity and pH unchanged, it’s very important, because the increase of effluent conductivity to reuse cause break of paper made. The calcium oxalate recuperated can be heated excessively and changed and calcium carbonate and to be reused. Tests in the highest scale have to be realized to approve the reuse of water and calcium of paper machine.Nas fábricas integradas de celulose e papel, o efluente gerado pela máquina de papel pode ser considerado um efluente setorial, denominado de água branca, devido à concentração elevada de cálcio. Neste trabalho foram realizados experimentos com objetivos de compreender o comportamento do efluente em função do pH e desenvolver metodologias de remoção de cálcio da água branca, de modo a proporcionar o reuso da água e a recuperação de cálcio. Titulações potenciométricas foram realizadas com HCl 0,022 mol L-1 e com NaOH 0,025 mol L-1 padronizados, após ajuste de pH do efluente em 12,0 e 2,0 respectivamente, às quais indicaram pontos de inflexão referentes à carbonato, bicarbonato e caulim, componentes com capacidade de interação com o cálcio solúvel. Os métodos de remoção de cálcio consistiram de coprecipitação/adsorção com hidróxidos de ferro (III) e de alumínio e precipitação na presença de oxalato de sódio. Os resultados apontaram que em baixas concentrações de sulfato férrico e sulfato de alumínio, a coprecipitação de cálcio é baixa. Nos ensaios de adsorção na presença de Fe(OH)3 e Al(OH)3, notou-se que o aumento da concentração de sulfato férrico possibilitou um ligeiro aumento da remoção de cálcio (16,5 a 31,0%), chegando a 65,0% na soma dos processos de adsorção/precipitação em pH 10,0. No caso do sulfato de alumínio as porcentagens de remoção foram indiferentes (~ 10,0%). Em relação à precipitação de Ca2+ na presença de oxalato, observou-se remoção de porcentagens satisfatórias na forma de oxalato de cálcio (75% a 87%), mantendo-se o efluente com condutividade e pH praticamente inalterados, o que é muito desejável, já que o aumento da condutividade do efluente tratado na reutilização provoca efeito de quebra das folhas de papel. O oxalato de cálcio recuperado pode ser calcinado, sendo convertido a carbonato de cálcio, para posterior reuso. Testes em escala piloto devem ser realizados com o objetivo de validar o reuso da água e do cálcio provenientes da máquina de papel

Clasificación de los dominios magnéticos del sur de Perú a través de la aplicación de SOM al modelo del vector de magnetización

An important concentration of Cu-Mo porphyry deposits is located in the Paleocene-Eocene and Superior Cretaceous belts from Southern Peru. The study area has approximately 130x33 kilometers in the NW-SE direction located between 71° • 69"5' Longitude West and 16° - 17°3' Latitude South. The purpose of this work was to use the existing airborne magnetic data from the Multinational Andean Project (MAP) acquired in 2000-2001 to characterize and differentiate the magnetic anomalies. To accomplish it, we have created and used thematic maps, Magnetization Vector lnversion (MVI) and Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) applied to the MVI results lo automatically classify the anomalies. The need to find new copper deposits in the country, many of them being under cover highlight the importance of using !hose tools to analyze the characteristic of the known deposits and use them to identify new targets with similar characteristics for further investigation

Production of Hydrogen and their Use in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

This work will show an overview of the hydrogen production from ethanol by steam reforming method, using distinct catalysts, resulting in low carbon monoxide content in H2 produced; a thermodynamic analysis of reforming employing entropy maximization, the ideal condition for ethanol, and other steam reforming reactions, the state of the art of steam reforming catalysts for H2 production with low CO content. Moreover, in the second part, there will be an overview of the use of hydrogen in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the fuel cell operational conditions, a thermodynamic analysis of PEMFC, the catalysts used in the electrodes of the fuel cell, consequences of the CO presence in the hydrogen fuel feed in PEMFC, and the operation conditions for maximum output power density

Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.

Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors

Local hydrological conditions influence tree diversity and composition across the Amazon basin

Tree diversity and composition in Amazonia are known to be strongly determined by the water supplied by precipitation. Nevertheless, within the same climatic regime, water availability is modulated by local topography and soil characteristics (hereafter referred to as local hydrological conditions), varying from saturated and poorly drained to well-drained and potentially dry areas. While these conditions may be expected to influence species distribution, the impacts of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity and composition remain poorly understood at the whole Amazon basin scale. Using a dataset of 443 1-ha non-flooded forest plots distributed across the basin, we investigate how local hydrological conditions influence 1) tree alpha diversity, 2) the community-weighted wood density mean (CWM-wd) – a proxy for hydraulic resistance and 3) tree species composition. We find that the effect of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity depends on climate, being more evident in wetter forests, where diversity increases towards locations with well-drained soils. CWM-wd increased towards better drained soils in Southern and Western Amazonia. Tree species composition changed along local soil hydrological gradients in Central-Eastern, Western and Southern Amazonia, and those changes were correlated with changes in the mean wood density of plots. Our results suggest that local hydrological gradients filter species, influencing the diversity and composition of Amazonian forests. Overall, this study shows that the effect of local hydrological conditions is pervasive, extending over wide Amazonian regions, and reinforces the importance of accounting for local topography and hydrology to better understand the likely response and resilience of forests to increased frequency of extreme climate events and rising temperatures

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions