Evolutionary Analysis of Basic RNase Genes from Rosaceous Species — S-RNase and Non-SRNase Genes

Over the past two and half decades there has been an explosion of progress in a growing number of model self incompatibility (SI) systems on our understanding of the molecular, biochemical and cellular processes underlying the recognition of self pollen and the initiation of a cascade of biochemical and cellular events that prevent self fertilization. These studies are unrevealing the complexity of a trait (SI) whose sole purpose, as far as we know, is to exert a strong influence on the breeding system of plants. Evolutionary interest in floral traits that influence the breeding system and in the forces that shape these traits began with Darwin who devoted one complete book to the subject (Darwin 1876) and significant portions of a second book. The evolution of plant breeding systems is often viewed as the interplay between the advantages and disadvantages of selfing. Evolutionary biologists have long noted that there are three primary advantages to selfing. First, there is an inherent genetic transmission advantage to selfing because a plant donates two haploid sets of chromosomes to each selfed seed and can still donate pollen to conspecifics. Second, selfing can provide reproductive assurance when pollinators are scarce or and third, it often costs less, in terms of energy and other resources, to produce selfed seed (e.g. fewer resources are expended to attract and reward pollinators. Some major questions remain unanswered concerning the evolution of stylar SRNases. Most pressing is the apparent disparity in patterns of diversification seen in the Solanaceae and Plantaginaceae relative to what is observed in the Rosaceae. Thus, we reviewing current publication regarding the evolutionary analysis basic RNases towards comprehensive view

Wild almond (Prunus scoparia L.) as potential oilseed resource for the future: Studies on the variability of its oil content and composition

Wild almond genetic resources have still not received considerable attention for oil chemical compositions and uses. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of variation in oil content and fatty acid composition in forty Iranian accessions of Prunus scoparia L. (Spach) to identify genotypes with desirable traits in terms of oil quantity, quality and industrial utilization. Oil parameters and indices were measured, and fatty acid methyl ester analysis was carried out by gas liquid chromatography. Oleic and linoleic fatty acids showed high variability among accessions, ranging from 232.4 to 359.6 g/kg oil and from 190.7 to 348.8 g/kg oil, respectively. Total unsaturated fatty acid fraction was higher than total saturated fatty acid. The ranges of saponification number (199.2-202.1), iodine value (104.8-125.7 kg I2/kg) and cetane number (43.8-48.8), confirmed that the oils have industrial potentialities. Results could contribute to select wild almond genotypes as genetic sources for oil production

Molecular characterization and phylogenetic relationships among and within species of Phalaenopsis (Epidendroideae: Orchidaceae) based on RAPD analysis

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis for 20 species of Phalaenopsis was conducted to determine their genetic distances and relationships. Among 20 different primers used for RAPD analysis, 10 primers showed polymorphism, and according to the primer type, 26 to 54 DNA fragments were amplified. A total of 414 polymorphic fragments were generated by 10 primers and used for correlation group analysis. The highest value of Similarity index was 0.28 between Ph. violaceamalaysia and Ph. violacea witte. The dendrogram resulting from UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic average) hierarchical cluster analysis separated the original species into threegroups: The first group had five species of Ph. violacea blue, Ph. belina, Ph. violacea malaysia, Ph. violacea witte, and Ph. gigantea; the second group included Ph. lamelligera, Ph. amabilis, Ph. parishii, Ph. labbi nepal, Ph. speciosa, Ph. lobbi yellow, Ph. venosa, Ph. hieroglyphica, and Ph. maculata; the third group consisted of Ph. minho princess, Ph. leopard prince, Ph. mannii, Ph. modesta, Ph. cornucervi and Ph. pantherina. RAPD markers can thus be successfully applied in this economicallyimportant group of orchids for the study of molecular characterization and relationships. The data acquired from this study could be used for identification and classification of other orchid genera andoriental Phalaenopsis

Comparison of traditional and new generation DNA markers declares high genetic diversity and differentiated population structure of wild almond species

AbstractWild almond species as sources of genetic variation may have crucial importance in breeding. A total of 389 accessions of 18 species have been analysed using inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP), retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP), sequence-specific amplification polymorphism (S-SAP), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and simple sequence repeats (SSR). Retrotransposon markers indicated the presence and movement of some Ty3-gypsy and Ty1-copia-elements in almond genome. Since transposable elements are associated with large-scale genome alterations, REMAP produced more reliable phylogenetic inferences than AFLP where homoplasy may affect clustering. In addition, high resolution melting (HRM) analysis was developed to detect SNPs. HRM analysis revealed 1:189 bp frequency of SNPs in exon positions, and the transition-to-transversion proportion was 1.84:1. The low transition bias suggests low methylation levels in almond genome. The polymorphic information content (PIC) was the highest for SSR markers, while SNPs had an average PIC of 0.59, which is close to the values of the rest of the markers. Huge genetic diversity, fragmented population structure and footprints of human selection was confirmed by merging information from all marker strategies. Considering time, cost and performance HRM can be a marker of choice in future studies of Prunus diversity.</jats:p

Exogenous salicylic acid positively affects morpho-physiological and molecular responses of Impatiens walleriana plants grown under drought stress

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) on morpho-physiological and molecular characteristics of Impatiens walleriana plants grown under water deficit stress. Three levels of soil water contents (95, 85, and 75% of field capacity; FC) and three levels of SA (0, 1, and 2 mM) were applied on two impatient cultivars (‘Tempo’ and ‘Salmon’). The results showed that increasing water deficit stress negatively affected growth and flowering characteristics. On the contrary, the foliar application of SA reduced the adverse effect of water deficit stress and improved growth and ornamental plant attributes. Water deficit increased the amount of electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities; and proline content. The expression of the gene encoding for Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) was slightly increased under control treatment (95% FC + SA 0&nbsp;mM) and then significantly increased at 75% FC and after the SA treatments. The expression pattern of P5CR (Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase gene) was similar to that of P5CS, with differences in terms of intensity. The application of SA reduced the amount of EL and MDA through increased antioxidant activities and water balance. Overall, the results of this study showed that ‘Salmon’ cultivar was able to tolerate drought stress conditions better than ‘Tempo.’ The application of 2&nbsp;mM SA increased growth and physiological indices in drought-stressed impatient, mitigating the detrimental effects of water deficit in this important ornamental species

Molecular characterization and phylogenetic relationships among and within species of Phalaenopsis (Epidendroideae: Orchidaceae) based on RAPD analysis

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis for 20 species of Phalaenopsis was conducted to determine their genetic distances and relationships. Among 20 different primers used for RAPD analysis, 10 primers showed polymorphism, and according to the primer type, 26 to 54 DNA fragments were amplified. A total of 414 polymorphic fragments were generated by 10 primers and used for correlation group analysis. The highest value of Similarity index was 0.28 between Ph. violacea malaysia and Ph. violacea witte. The dendrogram resulting from UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic average) hierarchical cluster analysis separated the original species into three groups: The first group had five species of Ph. violacea blue, Ph. belina, Ph. violacea malaysia, Ph. violacea witte, and Ph. gigantea; the second group included Ph. lamelligera, Ph. amabilis, Ph. parishii, Ph. labbi nepal, Ph. speciosa, Ph. lobbi yellow, Ph. venosa, Ph. hieroglyphica, and Ph. maculata; the third group consisted of Ph. minho princess, Ph. leopard prince, Ph. mannii, Ph. modesta, Ph. cornucervi and Ph. pantherina. RAPD markers can thus be successfully applied in this economically important group of orchids for the study of molecular characterization and relationships. The data acquired from this study could be used for identification and classification of other orchid genera and oriental Phalaenopsis

Effect of temperature on pollen germination for several Rosaceae species: influence of freezing conservation time on germination patterns

[EN] Between February 2018 and April 2018, flowers were collected from eight Rosaceae species. Flowers were kept in a freezer at -20 degrees C for three freezing times (Treatment 1, two months; Treatment 2, four months; Treatment 3, six months). After extracting pollen, in vitro germination was induced in a culture medium and incubated at six different temperatures for 72 h. The percentage of pollen germination, average pollen tube length and maximum pollen tube length were measured. Pollen germination was maximum for all species between 15 degrees C and 30 degrees C. Cydonia oblonga, Malus sylvestris, Prunus avium, Prunus domestica, Prunus dulcis, Prunus persica and Pyrus communis obtained 30-52% pollen germination between 15 degrees C and 20 degrees C. Prunus cerasifera had 40% pollen germination at 30 degrees C. All species studied reached the maximum pollen tube length between 10 degrees C and 25 degrees C. Germination did not change significantly for any of the species with freezing time, but we found significant differences in the three parameters measured between treatments. The highest germination percentages were obtained in Treatment 2 (four months frozen at -20 degrees C), while the maximum pollen tube length was reached in Treatment 1 (two months frozen at -20 degrees C). According to our results, freezing time affected the germination-temperature patterns. This could indicate that studies on the effect of temperature on pollen germination should always be carried out with fresh pollen to obtain more conclusive data.This work was supported by the Asociacion Club de Variedades Vegetales Protegidas as a part of a project with the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV 20170673). 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Clinical Breast Cancer Registry of IR. Iran (CBCR-IR):Study Protocol and First Results

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC), as a significant global health problem, is the most common cancer in women. Despite the importance of clinical cancer registries in improving the quality of cancer care and cancer research, there are few reports on them from low- and middle-income countries. We established a multicenter clinical breast cancer registry in Iran (CBCR-IR) to collect data on BC cases, the pattern of care, and the quality-of-care indicators in different hospitals across the country.METHODS: We established a clinical cancer registry in 12 provinces of Iran. We defined the organizational structure, developed minimal data sets and data dictionaries, verified data sources and registration processes, and developed the necessary registry software. During this registry, we studied the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with cancer who were admitted from 2014 onwards.RESULTS: We registered 13086 BC cases (7874 eligible cases) between 1.1.2014 and 1.1.2022. Core needle biopsy from the tumor (61.25%) and diagnostic mammography (68.78%) were the two most commonly used diagnostic methods. Stage distribution was 2.03% carcinoma in situ, 12% stage I, 44.65% stage II, 21.32% stage III, and 4.61% stage IV; stage information was missing in 1532 patients (19.46%). Surgery (95.01%) and chemotherapy (79.65%) were the most common treatments for all patients.CONCLUSION: The information provided by this registry can be used to evaluate and improve the quality of care for BC patients. It will be scaled up to the national level as an important resource for measuring quality of care and conducting clinical cancer research in Iran.</p

Molecular marker-based characterization in candidate plus trees of Pongamia pinnata, a potential biodiesel legume

Molecular marker studies provide valid guidelines for collection, characterization and selective cultivation of elite Pongamia germplasm that can be exploited further for its improvement through breeding and marker assisted selection for improved characters and oil yield towards biodiesel production