Diastereoselective allylation and crotylation of N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines with allylic alcohols

The palladium-catalyzed allylation of N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines with allylic alcohols in the presence of InI as reducing reagent takes place with high diastereoselectivity in reasonable yields. The reaction with crotyl alcohol is totally regioselective, leading to the anti-diastereomer as the main reaction product.Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Grant No. CTQ2011-24165), the Generalitat Valenciana (Grant No. PROMETEO/2009/039 and FEDER) and the University of Alicante. OSRB thanks CNPq of Brazil for a fellowship

Diastereoselective allylation and crotylation of N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines with allylic alcohols

The palladium-catalyzed allylation of N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines with allylic alcohols in the presence of InI as reducing reagent takes place with high diastereoselectivity in reasonable yields. The reaction with crotyl alcohol is totally regioselective, leading to the anti-diastereomer as the main reaction product.Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Grant No. CTQ2011-24165), the Generalitat Valenciana (Grant No. PROMETEO/2009/039 and FEDER) and the University of Alicante. OSRB thanks CNPq of Brazil for a fellowship

Formação de professores de classe hospitalar em saúde mental como resultante de uma pesquisa-ação existencial

This study aims to investigate the health of the hospital class teacher in the state department of education in Goiás. The methodology used was existential research-action. As a result of the field research, a training course in mental health was proposed in partnership with the actors and authors of the research with the teachers of the Nucleus of Hospital Educational Attendance, using the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) method, a pedagogical strategy of problem-based learning that focuses on student-centered learning. The effective, collaborative and engaged participation of authors and actors in the research brought, as a result, theoretical and methodological insights on the proposed theme. Reflection on the difficulties in attending cases involving mental disorder, greater knowledge about mental illness and its reflexes on behavior, clarification on action procedures and construction of referral protocols.Este estudio elige como objetivo investigar la salud del profesor actuante en escuela hospitalaria en la unidade pública estatal de educación en Goiás. Como resultado de la investigación de campo, se propuso, en asociación con los sujetos del estudio y autores de la investigación, un curso de formación en salud mental con los profesores del Núcleo de Atención Educativa Hospitalaria, utilizando el método Problem-based Learning (PBL), una estrategia pedagógica de aprendizaje basada en problemas y que tiene como principio el aprendizaje centrado en el alumno. La participación efectiva, colaborativa y comprometida de los sujetos en estudio y autores en la investigación trajo, como resultado, profundizaciones teóricas y metodológicas sobre el tema propuesto, reflexión sobre las dificultades en la atención de casos involucrando trastorno mental, mayor conocimiento sobre enfermedades mentales y sus reflejos en el estudio comportamiento, aclaraciones sobre procedimientos de acción y construcción de protocolos de encaminamientos.Este estudo elege como objetivo investigar a saúde do professor atuante em classe hospitalar na rede pública estadual de educação em Goiás. Enquanto metodologia utiliza-se a pesquisa-ação na perspectiva existencial. Como resultante da investigação de campo, foi proposto, em parceria com os atores e autores da pesquisa, um curso de formação em saúde mental com os docentes do Núcleo de Atendimento Educacional Hospitalar, valendo-se do método Problem-Based Learning (PBL), uma estratégia pedagógica de aprendizagem baseada em problemas e que elege como foco o aprendizado centrado no aluno. A participação efetiva, colaborativa e engajada de autores e atores na pesquisa trouxe, como resultado, aprofundamentos teóricos e metodológicos sobre o tema proposto, reflexão sobre as dificuldades no atendimento de casos envolvendo transtorno mental, maior conhecimento sobre doenças mentais e seus reflexos no comportamento, esclarecimentos sobre procedimentos de ação e construção de protocolos de encaminhamentos

Aerobic training with a self-selected or predetermined intensity on sleep parameters in adolescents with obesity: a randomized clinical trial

Objectives: To compare the effects of self-selected and predetermined intensity on sleep quality and duration, daytime sleepiness, and sleep efficiency of adolescents with obesity after 12 weeks of aerobic training. Material and Methods: Thirty-seven adolescents (12 girls), 13-18 years old, with obesity (BMI = 95th) were randomized into a predetermined intensity group (PIG), exercise intensity around 60-70% of heart rate reserve; or self-selected intensity group (SIG), the adolescents chose the speed/intensity at the beginning of each session and were able to change it every 5 minutes. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were used to assess sleep outcomes. Results: No differences were observed for PSQI [0.00 ± 2.00 vs 1.38 ± 2.7; p=0.195; d=0.60 (moderate effect)], sleep duration [-0.95 ± 1.2 vs -0.35 ± 1.6; p=0.358; d=0.41 (small effect)], ESS [(2.10 ± 3.9 vs 1.15 ± 4.5; p=0.195; d=0.23 (small effect)], and sleep efficiency [(81.5 ± 24.0 vs 79.4 ± 17.0; p=0.8.14; d=0.10 (trivial effect)] for the PIG and SIG groups, respectively. Conclusion: Aerobic training at a self- selected or predetermined intensity does not modulate sleep quality, sleep duration and efficiency, and daytime sleepiness, independent of intensity

Perfil epidemiológico de nascidos vivos com cardiopatia congênita nas regiões brasileiras

Aims: To conduct a descriptive epidemiological study of reported cases of live births with Congenital Heart Disease. Methodology: This is a descriptive epidemiological study in which the epidemiological profile of reported cases of live births with congenital heart disease in Brazil will be analyzed based on data collected from the Information System on Live Births (SINASC) from 2012 to 2021, available at the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). In addition, a search was conducted on PUBMED and BVS using the keywords "Congenital heart disease, Live births, Regions, Brazil". Results: From 2012 to 2021, in Brazil, there were 28,789,402 live births, with children with congenital heart disease accounting for 0.000875% (n = 25,212). The Southeast region recorded the highest number of cases, with 67.8% (n = 17,112), while the North region had the lowest prevalence, with 3.08% (n = 777). In terms of delivery methods, 71% were cesarean section (n = 17,902), 28.87% were vaginal deliveries (n = 7,281), and 0.11% were unidentified (n = 29). It's important to note that among live births, 10.6% (n = 3,057,372) were premature, while 27.44% (n = 6,920) of live births with congenital heart disease were premature. Regarding gender, males were more prevalent at 52.09% (n = 13,134), females accounted for 47.35% (n = 11,939), and 0.55% were unidentified (n = 139). The age of the mother at the time of delivery that stood out was between 30 and 34 years, with 23.65% (n = 5,964) of cases. The prevalent race/ethnicity among children with congenital heart disease was white, at 51.71% (n = 13,039). Conclusion: There is a higher prevalence of live births with congenital heart diseases in the Southeast region, as well as a higher prevalence of males and individuals of white race/ethnicity. Prematurity was more common in children with congenital heart disease than in other live births, and the most prevalent age of mothers was between 30 and 34 years, with cesarean deliveries being predominant.Objetivo: Realizar estudo epidemiológico descritivo acerca dos casos notificados de nascidos vivos com Cardiopatia Congênita; Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, no qual será analisado o perfil epidemiológico dos casos notificados de nascidos vivos com cardiopatia congênita no Brasil, a partir de dados coletados no Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC), no período  de  2012  a  2021 disponível  no  Departamento  de  Informática  do  Sistema  Único  de  Saúde (DATASUS). Além de uma pesquisa realizada realizada por BVS e PUBMED através dos unitermos “Cardiopatia congênta, Nascidos Vivos, Regiões, Brasil”. Resultados: No período de 2012 a 2021, no Brasil, foram registrados 28.789.402 nascidos vivos, em que as crianças com CC corresponderam a 0,000875% (n = 25.212). A região Sudeste registrou o maior número de casos, com 67,8% (n = 17.112), enquanto a região Norte obteve a menor prevalência, com 3,08% (n = 777). Em relação aos tipos de partos, 71% cesária (n = 17.902), 28,87% vaginais (n = 7.281) e 0,11% não identificados (n = 29). É importante ressaltar que entre os nascidos vivos, 10,6% (n = 3.057.372) são prematuros, enquanto que 27, 44% (n=6.920) dos nascidos vivos com CC são prematuros. Considerando o sexo, houve prevalência do sexo masculino, sendo 52,09% (n = 13.134), 47,35% do sexo feminino (n = 11.939) e 0,55% não identificados (n = 139). A idade da progenitora no momento do parto que sobressaiu foi entre 30 e 34 anos, com 23,65% (n = 5.964) dos casos. A cor/raça prevalente entre as crianças com CC de maior prevalência foi a branca tendo 51,71% (n = 13.039). Conclusão: Há maior prevalência de nascidos vivos com cardiopatias congênitas na região Sudeste, bem como do sexo masculino e da cor/raça branca. A prematuridade mostrou-se maior nos cardiopatas do que nos restantes dos nascidos vivos, a idade da mãe mais prevalente foi entre 30 e 34 anos, em que o parto cesariano predominou

Condromalácia patelar - aspectos etiológicos, epidemiológicos e manejo terapêutico / Chondromalacia patellae - etiology, epidemiology and therapeutic management

A Condromalácia Patelar (CMP) é definida como uma afecção que promove o amolecimento anormal da cartilagem hialina que reveste as superfícies articulares da patela. Esse distúrbio é caracterizado por uma intensa dor generalizada na articulação do joelho, sobretudo nas regiões ântero e retropatelar. Quanto à etiologia, diversas são as causas envolvidas na gênese da doença, sendo elas traumas diretos à patela, atividade física em excesso, obesidade, instabilidade femoropatelar por luxações ou subluxações, variações anatômicas ósseas, cinemática patelar anômala por patela alta ou joelhos em valgo e exposição laboral. Em virtude disso, a epidemiologia da CMP é bastante variada, carecendo de estudos sobre o tema, e sua identificação depende de uma anamnese minuciosa e um exame físico bem feito. Para auxílio diagnóstico, lança-se mão de exames como radiografia, ressonância nuclear magnética e, em casos reservados, faz-se necessária a realização da artroscopia do joelho. Já o manejo terapêutico, apresenta-se como um desafio para o médico, uma vez que não há tratamento específico considerado eficaz e universalmente aceito como o padrão, fazendo com que a terapêutica seja através de medicamentos sintomáticos e, em casos reservados, a abordagem cirúrgica pode ser instituída

Acetylene-Based Materials in Organic Photovoltaics

Fossil fuel alternatives, such as solar energy, are moving to the forefront in a variety of research fields. Organic photovoltaic systems hold the promise of a lightweight, flexible, cost-effective solar energy conversion platform, which could benefit from simple solution-processing of the active layer. The discovery of semiconductive polyacetylene by Heeger et al. in the late 1970s was a milestone towards the use of organic materials in electronics; the development of efficient protocols for the palladium catalyzed alkynylation reactions and the new conception of steric and conformational advantages of acetylenes have been recently focused the attention on conjugated triple-bond containing systems as a promising class of semiconductors for OPVs applications. We review here the most important and representative (poly)arylacetylenes that have been used in the field. A general introduction to (poly)arylacetylenes, and the most common synthetic approaches directed toward making these materials will be firstly given. After a brief discussion on working principles and critical parameters of OPVs, we will focus on molecular arylacetylenes, (co)polymers containing triple bonds, and metallopolyyne polymers as p-type semiconductor materials. The last section will deal with hybrids in which oligomeric/polymeric structures incorporating acetylenic linkages such as phenylene ethynylenes have been attached onto C60, and their use as the active materials in photovoltaic devices

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42\ub74% vs 44\ub72%; absolute difference \u20131\ub769 [\u20139\ub758 to 6\ub711] p=0\ub767; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5\u20138] vs 6 [5\u20138] cm H2O; p=0\ub70011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30\ub75% vs 19\ub79%; p=0\ub70004; adjusted effect 16\ub741% [95% CI 9\ub752\u201323\ub752]; p<0\ub70001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0\ub780 [95% CI 0\ub775\u20130\ub786]; p<0\ub70001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status. Funding: No funding