Efecto del enriquecimiento ambiental sobre la ansiedad: estudio experimental en un modelo animal

Anxiety is a global health problem; therefore, it is necessary to study new therapeutics alternatives, including environmental enrichment (EE). In the present paper the effect of EE on anxiety were studied. EE was evaluated in 20 C57BL/6 mice divided into 2 groups: Control Group (CG, n=10) and Experimental Group (EG, n=10). EG received EE with various sensory stimuli (olfatoy, gustatory, visual and tactile) and dark niches. CG was housed individually in a restricted environment. Mice were evaluated in the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), Light/Dark Box (LDB) and Preference for Sucrose (PS). EE caused hypermotility in EPM with preference for shifts between closed arms (p<0.05), increased the unit residence time in both compartments of LDB (p<005) and significantly increased the PS (p<0.05). In conclusion; the EE based on including dark niches induces hyperactivity with decreased levels of anxiety, allowing the expression of instinctive behaviors to dark places.  La ansiedad es unroblema de salud mundial que amerita el estudio de nuevas alternativas para su tratamiento terapéutico, entre ellas el enriquecimiento ambiental (EA). El presente trabajo estudió el efecto del EA sobre la ansiedad. 20 ratones C57BL/6 fueron divididos en 2 grupos: Grupo Control (GC, n=10) Grupo Experimental (GE, n=10). El GE recibió EA basado en estímulos sensoriales (olfativos, gustativos, visuales y táctiles) y nichos oscuros, mientras que el GC fue hospedado individualmente en un ambiente restringido de EA. Los ratones fueron evaluados en el Laberinto Elevado en Cruz (LEC), Caja Luz/Oscuridad (CLO) y mediante la prueba preferencia por sacarosa (PS). El EA causó hipermotilidad en LEC con preferencia por los desplazamientos entre brazos cerrados (p<0.05); aumentó el tiempo unitario de permanencia en ambos compartimientos de CLO (p<0.05) e incrementó significativamente el consumo de sacarosa en PS (p<0.05). En conclusión; la técnica del EA basado en incluir nichos oscuros induce hiperactividad con niveles de ansiedad disminuidos, permitiendo la expresión de conductas instintivas

Results of the COVID-19 mental health international for the general population (COMET-G) study.

INTRODUCTION: There are few published empirical data on the effects of COVID-19 on mental health, and until now, there is no large international study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, an online questionnaire gathered data from 55,589 participants from 40 countries (64.85% females aged 35.80 ± 13.61; 34.05% males aged 34.90±13.29 and 1.10% other aged 31.64±13.15). Distress and probable depression were identified with the use of a previously developed cut-off and algorithm respectively. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics were calculated. Chi-square tests, multiple forward stepwise linear regression analyses and Factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tested relations among variables. RESULTS: Probable depression was detected in 17.80% and distress in 16.71%. A significant percentage reported a deterioration in mental state, family dynamics and everyday lifestyle. Persons with a history of mental disorders had higher rates of current depression (31.82% vs. 13.07%). At least half of participants were accepting (at least to a moderate degree) a non-bizarre conspiracy. The highest Relative Risk (RR) to develop depression was associated with history of Bipolar disorder and self-harm/attempts (RR = 5.88). Suicidality was not increased in persons without a history of any mental disorder. Based on these results a model was developed. CONCLUSIONS: The final model revealed multiple vulnerabilities and an interplay leading from simple anxiety to probable depression and suicidality through distress. This could be of practical utility since many of these factors are modifiable. Future research and interventions should specifically focus on them

Association of kidney disease measures with risk of renal function worsening in patients with type 1 diabetes

Background: Albuminuria has been classically considered a marker of kidney damage progression in diabetic patients and it is routinely assessed to monitor kidney function. However, the role of a mild GFR reduction on the development of stage 653 CKD has been less explored in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic role of kidney disease measures, namely albuminuria and reduced GFR, on the development of stage 653 CKD in a large cohort of patients affected by T1DM. Methods: A total of 4284 patients affected by T1DM followed-up at 76 diabetes centers participating to the Italian Association of Clinical Diabetologists (Associazione Medici Diabetologi, AMD) initiative constitutes the study population. Urinary albumin excretion (ACR) and estimated GFR (eGFR) were retrieved and analyzed. The incidence of stage 653 CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) or eGFR reduction > 30% from baseline was evaluated. Results: The mean estimated GFR was 98 \ub1 17 mL/min/1.73m2 and the proportion of patients with albuminuria was 15.3% (n = 654) at baseline. About 8% (n = 337) of patients developed one of the two renal endpoints during the 4-year follow-up period. Age, albuminuria (micro or macro) and baseline eGFR < 90 ml/min/m2 were independent risk factors for stage 653 CKD and renal function worsening. When compared to patients with eGFR > 90 ml/min/1.73m2 and normoalbuminuria, those with albuminuria at baseline had a 1.69 greater risk of reaching stage 3 CKD, while patients with mild eGFR reduction (i.e. eGFR between 90 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) show a 3.81 greater risk that rose to 8.24 for those patients with albuminuria and mild eGFR reduction at baseline. Conclusions: Albuminuria and eGFR reduction represent independent risk factors for incident stage 653 CKD in T1DM patients. The simultaneous occurrence of reduced eGFR and albuminuria have a synergistic effect on renal function worsening