ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERUBAHAN LABA PADA PDAM KABUPATEN SIKKA

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence changes in profits in the regional water company (PDAM) Sikka regency. The factors studied are ROA (Return On Assets) and BOPO (Operational Costs on Operatig Income). The population used in this study is the vinacial statements in the Regional Draking Water Company (PDAM) of Sikka Regency, the sample In this study is the report of changes in profit or loss from 2015-2017 in the Regional Draking Water Company (PDAM) of Sikka Regency. The useful analytical tecthnique Is multiple lineal regression with a confidence level of 5%. Hipothesis testing using t-statistics to test the effect partially and f-statistics to test the effects simultaneously (together) where tested using SPSS Version 25 for windows. Based on the results of data analysis shows: (1) ROA (Return On Assets) partially significant effect on changes in erarnings with a tcount of 4417 with a significant level of 0.000<0.05, then the tecount table (4147>2035), (2) BOPO (Operational Costs on Operatig Income) partially significant effect on changes in erarnings with a tcount of 4547 and a significant level of 0,000<0.05, then thitunh label (4547>2035), (3) ROA (Return On Assets) and BOPO (Operational Costs on Operatig Income) partially influential and significant to changes in earnings with frinung value>Fubel (11,390>3.28) and a significant level of 0,000<0.0

The Growing Trend of Prescribing Antipsychotics for Young People in Finland, 2000 to 2010

According to previous reports from many countries (e.g., the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom), the use of antipsychotic drugs has increased among young people. Antipsychotics have also increasingly been prescribed for non-psychotic disorders.The purpose of this study was to estimate the rate at which antipsychotics were prescribed for young people in the age groups of 10 to 14 years, 15 to 19 years, and 20 to 24 years in Finland in the years 2000, 2005, and 2010.This was a nationwide register study using data from the databases of Statistics Finland and the Finnish National Prescription Register. Statistics Finland's databases provided background information, including the total number of young people and the Finnish National Prescription Register keeps record of all drug orders reimbursed by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland.The prescription of antipsychotics grew 6.8-, 4.6-, and 2.6-fold over the study period for these three age groups, respectively. For the youngest age group, use was more common among males than females in all three periods studied. During the course of the study period, the use of antipsychotics became more common among females: in 2010, antipsychotics were more commonly used among females than males in both the 15- to 19-year-old age group and the 20- to 24-year-old age group. The younger the patient, the higher the probability that the indication for medication was a non-psychotic disorder.In Finland, the trends involved in the prescription of antipsychotic medications resemble those seen in many Western countries. Therefore, it is important that the safety and effectiveness of these pharmaceuticals be investigated among young people as well

Alarming development of dual snus and cigarette usage among young Finnish males

Abstract Background The consumption of tobacco products has evolved to include more complex combinations of different products. We investigated the tobacco habits of a representative population of young Finnish male conscripts in order to evaluate the prevalence of dual use of cigarettes and snus as well as the transition from one tobacco product to another. In addition, we evaluated the correlation between the level of education and the use of cigarettes and snus. Methods A questionnaire-based survey was carried out in three out of 17 garrisons among conscripts during their first week of service in 2014. A total of 1971 male conscripts were selected by simple random sampling of the 9013 males in the selected garrisons. Of them 1916 participated and filled in the questionnaire. The response rate was 97.2%. The questionnaire consisted of 25 questions including age, gender, basic education, use of tobacco products as well as questions assessing nicotine dependency. Results The amount of dual users of cigarettes and snus was 21%. There was a higher probability of dual use of cigarettes and snus among smokers compared to snus users (p < 0.001). One third (35%) of former smokers reported daily snus use and over 40% of the former snus users smoked daily. One third (34%) of the participants reported snus usage and 14% of the study subjects used snus daily. 40% of the study population were smokers and over 25% smoked daily. Of the participants with basic educational background 57% smoked daily (p < 0.001), however, no association between snus and level of education was found (p = 0.69). Conclusions This study provides better understanding of the complex tobacco habits of young adult males. The simultaneous usage of multiple tobacco products as well as the high tendency to transition from one tobacco product to another should be taken into consideration when planning cessation interventions in health care settings and tobacco control policies at societal levels

Tekemällä matkailun kulttuuriseen kestävyyteen: Ongelmia ja niiden hallintaa Utsjoen kirkonkylässä

Doing culturally sustainable tourism: problems and solutions for their governance in Utsjoki, Finland Sustainable tourism studies often focus on economic, ecological and social dimensions of sustainability while there is a lack of theoretical understanding on how cultural sustainability is constituted. Here we see that cultural meanings related to tourism among indigenous and other local people are born via everyday doing in the environment, and on the other hand, in performing the local way of life for tourists. The study examines how local people (sámi and non-sámi) of Utsjoki (Ochejohka) experience problems concerning culturally sustainable tourism including unwanted changes in possibilities for everyday doing in the nature; discrepancy between culture performed for tourists and for oneself and other locals. Empirically identified solutions for enhancing sustainable tourism include sustainable products, respect for the local, active governance, and collaboration. We view these empirically defined problems and solutions in contexts of the ‘doing culture in everyday practices’, and argue that this is an avenue for new understanding of how culturally sustainable can be defined and what implications it has especially for the research on culturally sustainable tourism regarding rural and indigenous people.Sustainable tourism studies often focus on economic, ecological and social dimensions of sustainability while there is a lack of theoretical understanding on how cultural sustainability is constituted. Here we see that cultural meanings related to tourism among indigenous and other local people are born via everyday doing in the environment, and on the other hand, in performing the local way of life for tourists. The study examines how local people (sámi and non-sámi) of Utsjoki (Ochejohka) experience problems concerning culturally sustainable tourism including unwanted changes in possibilities for everyday doing in the nature; discrepancy between culture performed for tourists and for oneself and other locals. Empirically identified solutions for enhancing sustainable tourism include sustainable products, respect for the local, active governance, and collaboration. We view these empirically defined problems and solutions in contexts of the ‘doing culture in everyday practices’, and argue that this is an avenue for new understanding of how culturally sustainable can be defined and what implications it has especially for the research on culturally sustainable tourism regarding rural and indigenous people

Is forest related decision-making in European treeline areas socially innovative? A Q-methodology enquiry into the perspectives of international experts

Treeline areas provide a range of ecosystem services, but there are diverging views as to how and for whose benefit, these ecosystem services are managed. Applying a Q-method, we explore experts' attitudes towards forest related decision-making and governance in treeline areas to reveal the attitudinal divergences that exist and analyse patterns of shared assumptions forming attitude-related communities. Experiences, trends, opportunities and challenges in European treeline area decision-making are considered. Our results reveal four attitude-related communities, representing four distinctive types of expert attitudes. Findings demonstrate a number of similarities in attitudes among experts indicating, for example, that treeline area decision-making is hardly socially innovative as it tends to happen in a top-down manner. However, some do and others don't see tree-line governance beneficial from an ecological perspective. The attitudinal heterogeneity identified offers insights into treeline decision-making and could, therefore, be useful to public decision-makers in addressing the opinions of each attitudinal group on a case-by-case basis. The general conclusions are that forest related decision-making in treeline areas requires social innovation and a high level of stakeholder competence and capacity-building; and that an improved knowledge of experts' attitudes, together with an emphasis on increased participation in decision-making, could be of help to policy and practice communities in triggering innovative changes locally

Influence of lipids and obesity on haemorheological parameters in patients with deep vein thrombosis

It is not well established whether haemorheological alterations constitute independent risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT).We have determined in 149 DVT patients and in 185 control subjects the body mass index (BMI), the haemorheological profile: blood viscosity (BV), plasma viscosity (PV), fibrinogen (Fg), erythrocyte aggregation (EA), erythrocyte deformability (ED) and plasma lipids. In the crude analysis BMI, Fg, PV, EA, triglycerides (TG) and ApoB were statistically higher and HDL cholesterol (HDL-Chol) statistically lower in DVT patients than in controls. No differences in BV and ED were observed.After BMI adjustment, Fg, PV and EA remained statistically higher in DVT cases than in controls (P=0.013; P=0.012; P=0.013; P=0.028, respectively). When the risk of DVT associated with these variables (using cut-offs that corresponded to the mean plus one SD of the control group) was estimated, EA>8.2 and PV>1.28 mPa.s were significantly associated with DVT even further adjustment for lipids and obesity (OR=2.78, P=0.004; OR=1.91, P=0.024, respectively). However, PV did not remain statistically significant after additional adjustment for Fg.When we consider together all the analyzed variables in order to control every variable for each other,TG>175 mg/dl (OR=3,2,P=0.004) and BMI>30 kg/m2 (OR=3.5, P=0.003), were also independently associated with a greater risk of DVT. Our results suggest that increased EA constitute an independent risk factor for DVT. However, when associated to hyperlipidaemia and obesity it further increases thrombotic [email protected]

Estudo Exploratório de Determinantes da Saúde e do Trabalho Stress do ensino universitário e de investigação em Espanha

The legal changes in the hiring profiles of universities in Spain implied significant changes in the processes of employment, stabilization and promotion of their academic staff. The aim of this research is to identify the antecedents of health and job stress of this staff, which traditionally experimented low levels of these indicators. The empirical research was based on an exploratory study that combined quantitative (questionnaires) and qualitative (cognitive interviews) data gathered from 26 cases representing three different academic positions: teaching assistants, post-dissertation teaching assistants and tenured PhD lecturers. This paper proposes a health and job stress model with five dynamics: justice, permanence commitment, time, and demands and resources related with the teaching and research staff assessment process. The findings indicate that the last two dynamics (demands and resources) are mediated by the insecurity construct. This model allows comparing the classical models of job stress with the new scenario of the Spanish universities and represents a first step for the development of more efficient human resource practices in universities.Los cambios legislativos en los perfiles de contratacin del profesorado en las universidades pblicas espaolas han comportado un cambio significativo en los procesos de contratacin, estabilizacin y promocin de este colectivo de trabajadores. El objetivo de la investigacin es identificar los antecedentes del estrs y de la salud laboral de este nuevo colectivo que tradicionalmente se ha caracterizado por unos niveles relativamente bajos. La investigacin emprica consiste en un estudio exploratorio a partir de la combinacin de datos cuantitativos (encuestas) y cualitativos (entrevistas cognitivas) en 26 casos repartidos en tres colectivos diferentes (ayudantes, ayudantes doctores y colaboradores permanentes). Finalmente, la investigacin propone un modelo con cinco antecedentes del estrs y la salud laboral: justicia, compromiso de continuidad, tiempo restante del contrato, demandas de la acreditacin y recursos para alcanzarla. Acorde con los resultados, los dos ltimos antecedentes (demandas y recursos) son mediados a travs del constructo inseguridad. Este modelo permite la comparacin de los modelos clsicos de estrs laboral con la nueva realidad universitaria espaola, y un primer paso hacia la generacin de polticas de recursos humanos ms eficientes en las universidades.As mudanas legislativas nos perfis de recrutamento de docentes nas universidades pblicas espanholas realizaram uma mudana significativa nos processos de aquisio, estabilizao e promoo desse grupo de trabalhadores.O objetivo desta pesquisa identificar os antecedentes de estresse e sade no trabalho deste novo grupo que tradicionalmente tem sido caracterizada por nveis relativamente baixos.A pesquisa emprica de um estudo exploratrio da combinao de dados quantitativos (inquritos) e qualitativa (entrevistas cognitivas) em 26 casos divididos em trs grupos diferentes (assistentes, auxiliares, mdicos e pessoal permanente).Finalmente, a pesquisa prope um modelo com cinco antecedentes de estresse e sade ocupacional, justia, compromisso, continuidade, tempo restante do contrato de demandas e recursos para obter o credenciamento.De acordo com os resultados, os dois ltimos registros (demandas e recursos) so mediadas atravs da construo de insegurana.Este modelo permite a comparao dos modelos clssicos de estresse no trabalho com a nova realidade espanhola, e um primeiro passo para a gerao de polticas de recursos humanos nas universidades mais eficientes

Contamination by Norovirus and Adenovirus on Environmental Surfaces and in Hands of Conscripts in Two Finnish Garrisons

This study investigated the presence of norovirus and adenovirus, especially enteric adenovirus, on the environmental surfaces (n = 481) and military conscripts' hands (n = 109) in two Finnish garrisons (A and B) in 2013 and 2014. A questionnaire study was conducted to reveal possible correlations between viral findings on the conscripts' hands and their acute gastroenteritis symptoms. In addition to the swab samples, 14 fecal samples were obtained for viral analysis. In total, norovirus was present in 9.0 % of the surface swabs in 2013, whereas enteric adenovirus was present in 0.0 % and non-enteric adenovirus in 9.4 %. In the same year, 2.6 % of the hand swabs contained norovirus, 2.6 % enteric adenovirus, and 40.3 % non-enteric adenovirus. Norovirus GI.6 was continually detected on the surfaces of garrison A, and identical virus was detected in some of the fecal samples. In garrison B, two slightly different norovirus GII.4 strains were present on the surfaces. The questionnaires revealed no recent acute gastroenteritis cases in garrison A, but in garrison B, where the norovirus-positive hand swabs were collected, 30.6 % of the conscripts reported of recent symptoms. In 2014, norovirus was rarely detected, but adenovirus was again frequently present, both on the surfaces and hands. Taken together, our results suggest that gastroenteritis outbreaks occurred in 2013, but not in 2014. Due to the low number of hand swabs positive for enteric viruses, no conclusions about associations between viral findings and gastroenteritis symptoms could be drawn. This study increased our understanding of the possible transmission of viruses via contaminated environment and hands.Peer reviewe