On the importance of Sumatra’s East Coast for waterbirds, with notes on the Asian Dowitcher Limnodromus semipa1matus

Since 1984, three surveys were conducted along the east coast of Sumatra. Several coastal wetlands appeared to be of international importance for waterbirds (according to the criteria of the Ramsar Convention). More than 10,000 large waterbirds were identified, including large numbers of Milky Storks Mycteria cinerea and Lesser Adjutants Leptoptilos javanicus,, and over 100,000 migratory waders (28 species) were counted. The observation of a minimum total of 3,800 Asian Dowitchers Limnodromus semipalmatus indicates that the east coast of Sumatra is the main wintering area of the species. In areas of high conservation importance, data were collected on habitat and threats. Several of these areas face heavy reclamation pressure, which necessitates urgent conservation action

The birds of Berbak Game Reserve, Jambi Province, Sumatra

No abstract availabl

The status of storks, ibises and spoonbills in Indonesia

A brief summary is given of the current status in Indonesia of the eleven Stork, Ibis and Spoonbill species occurring in Indonesia. Of these the Storm's Stork, Royal Spoonbill, and White-shouldered Ibis are considered as endangered and likely to disappear in Indonesia within the next decades if no conservation action is undertaken. Ongoing conservation programmes for the species are discussed and additional conservation measures outlined

Denial of long-term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences

Non peer reviewe

Sex difference and intra-operative tidal volume: Insights from the LAS VEGAS study

BACKGROUND: One key element of lung-protective ventilation is the use of a low tidal volume (VT). A sex difference in use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) has been described in critically ill ICU patients.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether a sex difference in use of LTVV also exists in operating room patients, and if present what factors drive this difference.DESIGN, PATIENTS AND SETTING: This is a posthoc analysis of LAS VEGAS, a 1-week worldwide observational study in adults requiring intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery in 146 hospitals in 29 countries.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Women and men were compared with respect to use of LTVV, defined as VT of 8 ml kg-1 or less predicted bodyweight (PBW). A VT was deemed 'default' if the set VT was a round number. A mediation analysis assessed which factors may explain the sex difference in use of LTVV during intra-operative ventilation.RESULTS: This analysis includes 9864 patients, of whom 5425 (55%) were women. A default VT was often set, both in women and men; mode VT was 500 ml. Median [IQR] VT was higher in women than in men (8.6 [7.7 to 9.6] vs. 7.6 [6.8 to 8.4] ml kg-1 PBW, P < 0.001). Compared with men, women were twice as likely not to receive LTVV [68.8 vs. 36.0%; relative risk ratio 2.1 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.1), P < 0.001]. In the mediation analysis, patients' height and actual body weight (ABW) explained 81 and 18% of the sex difference in use of LTVV, respectively; it was not explained by the use of a default VT.CONCLUSION: In this worldwide cohort of patients receiving intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery, women received a higher VT than men during intra-operative ventilation. The risk for a female not to receive LTVV during surgery was double that of males. Height and ABW were the two mediators of the sex difference in use of LTVV.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01601223

Effectiveness of community-based mangrove management for coastal protection : A case study from Central Java, Indonesia

Management and restoration of mangrove forests to protect coasts are promoted in many countries, including Indonesia. Indonesian mangrove forests are actively restored and managed by local communities for their ecosystem services, including coastal protection. Whether community-based mangrove management (CBMM) is effective is still debated. Our study analysed the effectiveness of different CBMM practices in four Central Javan communities by analysing the capacity of their mangrove forests to protect against coastal hazards. We used complementary interviews, field assessments and literature reviews to collect the necessary information. The overall CBMM performance and success significantly differed for each community's mangrove rehabilitation effort and the resulting coastal protection service. Of the four communities, Bedono performed best in terms of mangrove coverage, forest structure and restored coastal protection service. This is explained by multiple factors, such as application of long-term and integrated CBMM approaches, involving appropriate maintenance and additional measures to reduce wave energy. Our results can help governments, practitioners and communities to better understand the factors that contribute to CBMM's success and failure when restoring and managing mangrove forests and protecting coasts