Acesso às políticas públicas em cidades médias: a situação dos moradores do Residencial Santo Antônio

O presente artigo expõe os dados parciais de uma pesquisa iniciada em 2016 e intitulada “Segregação urbana e desigualdades no acesso às políticas públicas em cidades médias”. Apresenta dados qualitativos e quantitativos obtidos em um de seus objetos de estudo, o Residencial Santo Antônio, o primeiro conjunto habitacional construído com recursos do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV), no município de Santa Cruz do Sul/RS, para a população de baixa renda e/ou em situação de vulnerabilidade social, residentes em áreas de risco. Os dados apresentados a seguir foram obtidos através de visitas realizadas ao local para a aplicação de um questionário sociodemográfico; bem como através da realização de entrevistas com os principais gestores desta política pública. Como resultados obtidos, observa-se que as condições de moradia e de acesso aos bens e serviços públicos pouco mudaram após o deslocamento para este local

PERFIL DOS PACIENTES ENCAMINHADOS DE UMA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA PARA UM HOSPITAL GERAL, NO MUNICÍPIO DE ÁGUA DOCE, SANTA CATARINA

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o perfil dos pacientes encaminhados de uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) para um hospital geral, visando estabelecer quais são as patologias que costumeiramente mais levam a internações hospitalares após um atendimento inicial na atenção primária. Neste trabalho, foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, utilizando a análise de prontuários de 144 pacientes, tanto os fornecidos pela ESF quanto os do hospital geral da cidade de Água Doce, Santa Catarina, Brasil, durante o período de abril de 2011 a abril de 2012, para serem obtidas informações essenciais ao estudo, como sexo, idade, patologia que causou a internação hospitalar, presença de comorbidades prévias ou não, sazonalidade, prescrições hospitalares, evolução do paciente quanto à internação, enfim, um perfil geral de cada paciente. Dentro dos resultados encontrados, houve prevalência de internações no sexo feminino; quanto à sazonalidade, houve predomínio de internações no inverno. Quando analisada a idade de prevalência nas internações, houve predomínio da população adulta. Entre as etiologias que causaram maior internação, a tosse produtiva teve 11,81% das internações, seguida por crise depressiva, em 10,42% dos pacientes, e as demais, com menos de 10% dos casos. Pacientes com doenças crônicas tiveram maior taxa de reinternação, e as doenças do aparelho respiratório foram as que deixaram os pacientes internados por mais tempo. Houve uma maior prevalência das doenças do aparelho respiratório, do aparelho digestivo e dos transtornos mentais e comportamentais, acometendo parcela significativa dos pacientes do estudo.Palavras-chave: Atenção primária à saúde. Hospitalização. Doenças agudas e crônicas

One-carbon genetic variants and the role of MTHFD1 1958G>A in liver and colon cancer risk according to global DNA methylation

Several polymorphic gene variants within one-carbon metabolism, an essential pathway for nucleotide synthesis and methylation reactions, are related to cancer risk. An aberrant DNA methylation is a common feature in cancer but whether the link between one-carbon metabolism variants and cancer occurs through an altered DNA methylation is yet unclear. Aims of the study were to evaluate the frequency of one-carbon metabolism gene variants in hepatocellular-carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma and colon cancer, and their relationship to cancer risk together with global DNA methylation status. Genotyping for BHMT 716A>G, DHFR 19bp ins/del, MTHFD1 1958G>A, MTHFR 677C>T, MTR 2756A>G, MTRR 66A>G, RFC1 80G>A, SHMT1 1420C>T, TCII 776C>G and TS 2rpt-3rpt was performed in 102 cancer patients and 363 cancer-free subjects. Methylcytosine (mCyt) content was measured by LC/MS/MS in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) DNA. The MTHFD1 1958AA genotype was significantly less frequent among cancer patients as compared to controls (p = 0.007) and related to 63% reduction of overall cancer risk (p = 0.003) and 75% of colon cancer risk (p = 0.006). When considering PBMCs mCyt content, carriers of the MTHFD1 1958GG genotype showed a lower DNA methylation as compared to carriers of the A allele (p = 0.048). No differences were highlighted by evaluating a possible relationship between the other polymorphisms analyzed with cancer risk and DNA methylation. The MTHFD1 1958AA genotype is linked to a significantly reduced cancer risk. The 1958GG genotype is associated to PBMCs DNA hypomethylation as compared to the A allele carriership that may exert a protective effect for cancer risk by preserving from DNA hypomethylation

Transmission of Mal de Río Cuarto virus by first and third-instar nymphs of Delphacodes kuscheli

The ability of first and third-instar Delphacodes kuscheli Fennah (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) nymphs to acquire and transmit Mal de Río Cuarto virus (MRCV), under controlled conditions, was investigated. First and third-instar nymphs were allowed acquisition feeding separately on infected wheat plants for 48 hours. The insects were then placed in groups of three for serial transmissions to healthy wheat plants, using inoculation periods of 24 hours. Both instars of D. kuscheli were demonstrated to acquire and subsequently transmit the virus. Nevertheless, transmission trials showed highest transmission efficiency and shortest latent period when MRCV was acquired by first-instar nymphs.Se comparó la capacidad de ninfas de primer y tercer estadío de Delphacodes kuscheli Fennah (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) para adquirir y posteriormente transmitir el Mal de Río Cuarto virus (MRCV), bajo condiciones controladas. Ninfas I y III avirulíferas se alimentaron separadamente de plantas de trigo infectadas durante 48 horas, para luego ser colocadas en subgrupos de tres individuos sobre plantas de trigo sanas. Se realizaron transmisiones seriales utilizando períodos de inoculación de 24 horas. Ambos estadiíos lograron adquirir y transmitir el MRCV, pero se evidenció una mayor cantidad de subgrupos infectivos cuando la adquisición se efectuó como ninfas I, así como una disminución significativa en la duración del período de latencia del virus respecto de los insectos que adquirieron el MRCV durante el tercer estadio ninfalThe ability of first and third-instar Delphacodes kuscheli Fennah (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) nymphsto acquire and transmit Mal de Río Cuarto virus (MRCV), under controlled conditions, was investigated. Firstand third-instar nymphs were allowed acquisition feeding separately on infected wheat plants for 48 hours. Theinsects were then placed in groups of three for serial transmissions to healthy wheat plants, using inoculationperiods of 24 hours. Both instars of D. kuscheli were demonstrated to acquire and subsequently transmit thevirus. Nevertheless, transmission trials showed highest transmission efficiency and shortest latent period whenMRCV was acquired by first-instar nymphs

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

QUALIDADE DE VIDA EM PACIENTES COM DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2 NO MUNICÍPIO DE ÁGUA DOCE, SANTA CATARINA

O presente estudo descreve o impacto do diabetes mellitus e o significado de qualidade de vida em uma população de 93 pacientes diagnosticados com a doença cadastrados em uma Estratégia da Saúde da Família no Município de Água Doce, Santa Catarina. O instrumento utilizado para a pesquisa foi o Diabetes Quality of Life Measure (DQOL), criado pelo grupo Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), originalmente em língua inglesa e, posteriormente, traduzido para o português e validado, ficando conhecido como questionário sobre a qualidade de vida no diabetes. Constatou-se que 72,63% dos pacientes mostraram-se muito ou bastante satisfeitos em relação a sua qualidade de vida; 63,33% disseram que nunca ou quase nunca sentem impacto da doença em situações de seu cotidiano; 62,37% nunca ou quase nunca demonstram preocupações sociais ou vocacionais por causa da doença; e 70,7% nunca ou quase nunca têm preocupações relacionadas ao diabetes. Concluiu-se que a qualidade de vida da população do município que tem a doença pode ser considerada boa.Palavras-chave: Qualidade de vida. Diabetes Mellitus. Atenção primária à saúde.

Maní tostado con miel y maní tostado de Argentina. Análisis químico y sensorial

The objective of this work was to characterize the chemical and sensory aspects of Honey Roasted (HRP) and Roasted Peanuts (RP). These products were evaluated for sensory analysis: overall acceptance using a consumer test and a descriptive analysis using a trained panel. Percentages of protein, oil, carbohydrate and ash was analyzed in HRP and RP. The contents of carbohydrate, oil and protein in HRP were 28.22%, 45.56% and 21.06%, respectively. RP showed higher percentages of lipids and protein and lower percentages of carbohydrate content than HRP. The total energetic value was lower in HRP. Values of 8 (like very much) were chosen by a higher number of consumer panelist for HRP while values of 6 (like slightly) were found in a higher proportion for RP. The trained panel described 11 attributes: brown color, roughness, roasted peanutty, oxidized, cardboard, sweet, salty, bitter, sour, hardness and crunchiness. The roasted peanutty intensity in RP was higher than in HRP. The intensities of roughness, sweet and salty in HRP were higher than in RP.El objetivo del trabajo fue caracterizar química y sensorialmente al Maní Tostado con Miel (MTM) y Maní Tostado (MT). Estos dos productos fueron evaluados sensorialmente analizando su aceptabilidad por parte de consumidores (test de aceptabilidad) y sus atributos sensoriales por el uso de un panel de jueces entrenados (prueba descriptiva). Por otra parte se describió la composición química porcentual: porcentajes de proteínas, aceites, hidratos de carbonos y cenizas. Los contenidos de hidratos de carbonos, aceites y proteínas en MTM fueron de 28,22%, 45.56% y 21,06%. MT presentó mayores porcentajes de lípidos y proteínas y menor contenido de hidratos de carbono que MTM. El valor energético total de MTM es levemente menor que en MT. La aceptabilidad de los productos mostró mayor número de consumidores que le asignaron un valor de 8 ( me gusta mucho) dentro de una escala hedónica de 9 puntos a MTM y de 6 (me gusta ligeramente) a MT. El panel de jueces entrenados describieron 11 atributos: color marrón, rugosidad, sabores a maní tostado, oxidado y cartón, dulce, salado, amargo, ácido, dureza y crujiente. La intensidad del atributo maní tostado fue mayor en MT que en MTM mientras que este último presentó mayor intensidad en los atributos rugosidad, dulce y salado

Projeto filhos prediletos / Project favorite children

O ‘’Projeto Filhos Prediletos” tem o principal objetivo colaborar na recuperação da autoestima de indivíduos em processo terapêutico de recuperação de dependências químicas, da “Fraternidade O Caminho", bem como voluntários, familiares e demais envolvidos. Durante o atendimento na Clínica Odontológica da UNIOESTE – Campus de Cascavel - com orientação de higiene bucal e procedimentos restauradores, curativos e reabilitadores, pretende ajudar da reinserção dos mesmos na sociedade.

The RFC1 80G>A, among Common One-Carbon Polymorphisms, Relates to Survival Rate According to DNA Global Methylation in Primary Liver Cancers

Polymorphisms within one-carbon metabolism genes have been largely studied in relation to cancer risk for the function of this pathway in nucleotide synthesis and DNA methylation. Aims of this study were to explore the possible link among several common functional gene polymorphisms within one-carbon metabolism and survival rate in primary liver cancers, i.e., hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, and to assess the additional effect of global DNA methylation on survival rate and mortality risk. Forty-seven primary liver cancer patients were genotyped for ten polymorphisms: DHFR 19bp ins/del, TS 2rpt-3rpt, MTHFD1 1958G>A, MTHFR 677C>T, MTR 2756A>G, MTRR 66A>G, RFC1 80G>A, SHMT1 1420C>T, BHMT 716 A>G, TC II 776C>G. Methylation was determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) DNA as methylcytosine (mCyt) content using LC/MS/MS. Among the polymorphisms analysed, the RFC1 80G>A (rs1051266) influenced the survival rate in primary liver cancers. The RFC1 80AA was associated to a significantly reduced survival rate (22.2%) as compared to both GG and GA genotypes (61.5% and 76% respectively, p = 0.005). When the cancer patients were stratified according to the mCyt median value as high (>5.34%) or low ( 645.34%), the concomitant presence of AA genotype and low mCyt level led to a significantly worse survival rate as compared to the G allele carriership (pA polymorphism influenced the survival rate, and the presence of RFC1 80AA genotype with low global methylation in PBMCs DNA was associated with poorer prognosis and higher mortality risk, therefore highlighting novel molecular signatures potentially helpful to define prognostic markers for primary liver cancers