Frutos e sementes consumidos pelo tambaqui, Colossoma macrompum (Cuvier, 1818) incorporados em rações. Digestibilidade e velocidade de trânsito pelo trato gastrointestinal

A feeding trial was carried out to evaluate nutrient gastrointestinal digestibility and transit velocity in tambaqui fed two species of fruits and two species of seeds incorporated in a reference diet. In the reference diet, 55% of the yellow corn grain was replaced, in equal proportions, by grounded meal prepared from the jauari (Astrocaryum jauari) and embaúba (Cecropia sp.) fruits, and from munguba (Pseudobombax munguba) and seringa barriguda (Hevea spruceana) seeds. Fifteen 250-L fiber cement tanks, with continuous water flow and aeration, were stocked with a total of sixty fish with 1627±112.8 g average weight, and four fish in each unit. A completely randomized design, with five treatments and three replicates, was used. During the experimental feeding, the fishes were hand-fed to visual satiety twice daily, at 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Feed transit time was calculated by the difference between time of the fish ingestion of diet (T0) and time (Tfinal) of the first appearance of the green colored feces, due to the presence of chromic oxide (Cr2O3) added to the diet as an inert indicator. Fish were sacrificed by a thermal shock at 4°C. The samples were collected from the stomach and in three distinct parts from the intestine. Fruits and seeds inclusion in the diet significantly altered the nutrient composition and the digestibility coefficient of all experimental diets. Diet composition showed significant effect on the feed gastrointestinal transit time

NPK combinations mitigate the deleterious effects of salt stress on the morphophysiology of West Indian Cherry

Under salt stress, plant growth and development are negatively affected due to physiological changes,requiring strategies such as fertilization management to minimize these effects. In this scenario, this study aimedto evaluate the effect of combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on the growth, leaf waterstatus, electrolyte leakage, and gas exchange of West Indian Cherry grown under water stress in the secondyear of production. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment in Campina Grande - PB.The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design with a 2 × 10 factorial arrangement with threereplications corresponding to two electrical conductivity levels of irrigation water– ECw (0.6 and 4.0 dS m-1)and ten combinations of fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (80-100-100; 100-100-100; 120-100-100; 140-100-100; 100-80-100; 100-120-100; 100-140-100; 100-100-80; 100-100-120, and 100-100-140% of therecommendation in the second year of production). Irrigation with the ECw of 4.0 dS m-1 negatively affectedplant growth, the leaf water status, electrolyte leakage, and the leaf gas exchange of West Indian Cherry.However, the 40% increase (C4 -140-100-100% of the recommended N-P2O5-K2O level) in the nitrogen levelmitigated the deleterious effects of salt stress on the relative water content, internal CO2 concentration, and theCO2 assimilation rate of West Indian Cherry plants in the second year of production.Under salt stress, plant growth and development are negatively affected due to physiological changes,requiring strategies such as fertilization management to minimize these effects. In this scenario, this study aimedto evaluate the effect of combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on the growth, leaf waterstatus, electrolyte leakage, and gas exchange of West Indian Cherry grown under water stress in the secondyear of production. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment in Campina Grande - PB.The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design with a 2 × 10 factorial arrangement with threereplications corresponding to two electrical conductivity levels of irrigation water– ECw (0.6 and 4.0 dS m-1)and ten combinations of fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (80-100-100; 100-100-100; 120-100-100; 140-100-100; 100-80-100; 100-120-100; 100-140-100; 100-100-80; 100-100-120, and 100-100-140% of therecommendation in the second year of production). Irrigation with the ECw of 4.0 dS m-1 negatively affectedplant growth, the leaf water status, electrolyte leakage, and the leaf gas exchange of West Indian Cherry.However, the 40% increase (C4 -140-100-100% of the recommended N-P2O5-K2O level) in the nitrogen levelmitigated the deleterious effects of salt stress on the relative water content, internal CO2 concentration, and theCO2 assimilation rate of West Indian Cherry plants in the second year of production.

Nutritional characterization of Quinoa from brazilian variety BRs Piabiru / Caracterização nutricional da Quinoa da variedade brasileira BRs Piabiru

Quinoa stands out for its high resistance to adverse weather and soil conditions and, above all, for its high nutritional value. It surpasses most cereals in the amount of proteins, fats, fibers, vitamins and minerals, presenting a greater balance in the distribution of essential amino acids. In addition to containing high nutritional quality, quinoa is also characterized by being gluten-free, enabling a greater variety and offer of more nutritious food products suitable for people with celiac disease. Despite all these characteristics, the use and knowledge about quinoa is still little in Brazil due to the high cost of imported grain and the lack of knowledge of its benefits by the majority of the Brazilian population, with its industrialization and commercialization still very limited. The aim of this work was to evaluate nutritional quality through analysis of vitamins and carotenoids of the quinoa of the BRS Piabiru variety, developed and adapted to the conditions of the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado). Wholemeal quinoa flour showed high concentrations of carotenoids and vitamins, especially niacin and tocopherols, showing their potential nutritional value, especially when compared to the flours of other cereals commonly used in human consumption.

QUALIDADE DO AR DA CIDADE DE CAMPINA GRANDE-PB, POR MEIO DO MÉTODO SPORE-FALL

Leveduras do filoplano são susceptíveis a uma grande variedade de variaçõesambientais, tais como poluição do ar urbano e industrial. Pesquisas de qualidade do arusando leveduras foliares como bioindicadores são pouco realizados no Brasil. Aoutilizar o método da queda de esporos, populações de leveduras foliares forampesquisadas a partir da filosfera de Tabebuia sp., espécie de árvores de grandepropagação em ambientes urbanos do Brasil. Dois locais da cidade de Campina Grande-PB foram selecionados, representando alto nível de poluição (Centro da cidade) e ar deboa qualidade (viveiro de plantas da UEPB), folhas das árvores foram coletadas noinverno e no verão de 2012 e 2013. Os resultados demonstraram contagens mais baixasde leveduras foliares para a área urbana indicando que estas leveduras são sensíveis aospoluentes do ar, especificamente para dióxido enxofre. A maioria das leveduras isoladaspertencia à espécie Sporobolomyces roseus, uma espécie basidiomiceto. Outrasleveduras balistosporos, colônias das quais eram tipicamente brancas, foram raramenteisolada pelo método utilizado (<5%). Os resultados podem ter validade para outras áreastropicais onde os estudos devem ser abordados ao prático uso de leveduras foliarescomo bioindicadores para monitoramento da qualidade do ar

MUNDOS DA RELIGIÃO E RELIGIÕES NO MUNDO

O Dossiê "Mundos da Religião e Religiões no Mundo" da revista RELEGENS THRÉSKEIA explorou a diversidade das Ciências da Religião, destacando o conhecimento em constante evolução. O objetivo foi oferecer um olhar interdisciplinar sobre as tradições religiosas e seu impacto na sociedade, abrindo espaço para reflexões teóricas, análises de casos e pesquisas em diversas áreas do conhecimento. O dossiê convidou pesquisadores a discutirem teoria, método e conceitos, enfocando não apenas as tradições religiosas em si, mas também os meandros pelos quais o conhecimento das Ciências da Religião foi construído. Explorações aprofundadas sobre rituais, doutrinas, códigos e textos sagrados foram incentivadas, buscando compreender as implicações do fenômeno religioso na dinâmica humana. Ao destacar a interdisciplinaridade, o dossiê buscou não apenas uma compreensão holística das tradições religiosas, mas também uma apreciação das interconexões entre as Ciências da Religião e diversas disciplinas. Espera-se que este dossiê não só tenha oferecido uma visão abrangente dos diversos mundos conformados pela religião, mas também tenha evidenciado a vitalidade e a constante evolução das Ciências da Religião como um campo de estudo dinâmico. O dossiê é uma narrativa enriquecedora e reflexiva sobre as múltiplas facetas das Ciências da Religião, conformando a revista Relegens Thréskeia como um espaço dedicado à compreensão e discussão sobre as tradições religiosas e suas interações complexas com a sociedade

Brazilian study of adaptation and psychometric properties of the Coping Health Inventory for Parents

The Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP) evaluates coping patterns of parents of chronically ill children and assesses different coping strategies using three subscales. This study aimed to translate and transculturally adapt the CHIP for a Brazilian sample and investigate the preliminary psychometrics of the scale. Rating scale Rasch analysis was performed on CHIP responses, and the psychometric performance of each of the three subscales was tested. Two hundred twenty parents of individuals with health problems participated in the study, answering a sociodemographic questionnaire—the Brazilian version of the CHIP—and Folkman and Lazarus’s coping questionnaire. All items exhibited good fit to the measurement model, although response categories were not used as intended and little variability on person parameter estimates was obtained. These preliminary results suggested that each construct being measured by the three subscales should be treated separately, corroborating the theoretical model of the original instrument. Suggestions to address the psychometric limitations of the instrument were made in order to improve measurement precision

Produção in vitro de embriões bovinos em tubos sem controle da atmosfera gasosa

The increase in OPU utilization requires an alternative to start the early phases of PIV without a controlled atmosphere. The development of a practical and simple way to transport/mature/fertilize might enhance the efficiency of the laboratory and consequently decrease its production costs. The aim of this study was to develop a method for cumulus oocytes complexes (CCO) maturation and fertilization in polypropylene tubes without atmosphere control kept in water bath. The in vitro maturation performed with controlled atmosphere was in TCM-199 modified (control group). The water bath treatments in tubes the TCM-199 had a addition of 25 mM of N-2-hidroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanosulfonic acid (HEPES). The CCO in vitro fertilization was performed in Talp-Fert medium with 10mM a 28.7 mM of HEPES, under mineral oil in tubes kept in water bath at 39°C, during 10 to 18 hours. Zygotes were cultured 4 well dishes, in bag system, with SOFaa medium with 5,00% estrus cow serum, under mineral oil, in incubator with 5,00%CO2, 5,00%O2 and 90,00%N2, at 39°C for 9 days. The results showed that CCO can be matured for 24 hours in tubes kept in water bath and also fertilized during 10 hours in tubes with Talp-Fert medium added of 25mM HEPES. The cleavage, D7 and D9 blastocysts rates in tubes without controlled atmosphere were similar (P>;0.05) to those in the incubator procedures. However, the fertilization in Talp-Fert medium added of 10mM a 28.7 mM of HEPES in tubes kept in water bath for 18 hours had a detrimental effect on the embryonic development.Com a maior utilização da OPU existe a necessidade de encontrar alternativas para iniciar as primeiras fases da PIV sem controle da atmosfera. O desenvolvimento de um método prático e simples de transporte/maturação/fecundação permitiria maior eficiência do laboratório e diminuição dos custos de produção. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um método de maturação e fecundação para complexos cumulus oócitos (CCO) em tubos de polipropileno sem gaseificação, mantidos em banho-maria. A maturação in vitro em estufa foi conduzida em TCM-199 modificado (controle) enquanto que para os tratamentos em banho-maria, em tubos, o meio foi acrescido de 25mM de N-2-hidroxietilpiperazina-N'-2-ácido etanosulfônico (HEPES). Na fecundação in vitro dos oócitos em tubos, os CCO foram mantidos em banho-maria a 39°C em Talp-Fert, acrescido de HEPES em concentrações entre 10mM a 28,7 mM por 10 a 18 horas, sob óleo mineral. O cultivo realizou-se em placas em bolsas gaseificadas com meio SOFaaci com soro de vaca em estro (SVE), sob óleo mineral, em estufa com 5,00%CO2 , 5,00%O2 e 90,00% de N2 a 39°C, por 9 dias. Verificou-se que CCO maturados por 24h em tubos não gaseificados, mantidos em banho-maria também podem ser fecundados em meio Talp-Fert com 25 mM de HEPES, em tubos não gaseificados, mantidos em banho-maria durante 10 horas. As taxas de clivagem, blastocistos em D7 e D9 em tubos não gaseificados foram semelhantes (P>;0,05) aos procedimentos em estufa. A fecundação em Talp-Fert com 10 mM a 28,7 mM de HEPES em tubos mantidos em banho-maria prejudica o desenvolvimento embrionário quando conduzida por 18 horas

Study of the best condition for the use of combined drying technologies in artisanal noodle pasta, to improve the technological characteristic and consequent retention of nutrientes

Pasta is a popular food item that is produced in several shapes and dimensions. Therefore, the industry and research need updates regarding novel technologies applicable to the processing of new products. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of drying pasta arranged in nests using a convective dryer combined with a microwave oven and that influence the offer of a more nutritious product for the consumer. An experimental design was carried out in five assays with varying conditions of drying temperature and microwave oven power. After drying, moisture analyses were performed to assess whether or not the samples were in accordance with the legislation (moisture content not higher than 13%). Technological quality analyses were also carried out. Assay 5 (60°C / 107 W) led to the best drying condition, as indicated by the lowest loss of soluble solids and the shortest cooking time. Thus, this condition is considered ideal for conducting further research on the development and shelf life evaluations of pasta

POTENCIAL INSETICIDA DO EXTRATO ETANÓLICO DE Anadenanthera macrocarpa (BENTH.) EM LEPIDÓPTEROS-PRAGA

O complexo de lagartas desfolhadoras - Spodoptera cosmioides, Spodoptera frugiperda e Helicoverpa armigera, são responsáveis por uma considerável redução na produção de grãos. A aplicação de extratos botânicos consiste em uma alternativa viável e eficiente de controle, além de ser menos nociva ao meio ambiente e a saúde do homem. O objetivo foi avaliar o potencial inseticida do extrato bruto de folhas e casca de Anadenanthera macrocarpa, sobre as lagartas de S. frugiperda, S. cosmioides, H. armigera. Os insetos foram mantidos em dieta artificial em condições controladas. Foi avaliada a ação toxica dos extratos por aplicação tópica. Primeiramente foi estimada a concentração letal e em seguida foram determinados os parâmetros biológicos das três espécies de lepidópteros. Os extratos etanólicos de folhas e casca de A. macrocarpa foram eficientes no controle de H. armigera, S. frugiperda e S. cosmioides reduzindo a sobrevivência em 75, 60 e 50%, respectivamente, além de alterações nos parâmetros biológicos como, aumento do período larval, redução de peso das larvas e pupas. Os compostos químicos presentes nos extratos etanólicos de folhas e casca de A. macrocarpa, além de causar mortalidade direta dos insetos estudados, alteram o ciclo biológico de S. frugiperda, S. cosmoides e H. armigera.Palavras-chave: Angico-preto; Spodoptera cosmioides; Spodoptera frugiperda; Helicoverpa armigera; bioinseticidas. POTENTIAL INSECTICIDE OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Anadenanthera macrocarpa (BENTH.) IN LEPIDOPTERAN-PESTS ABSTRACT: The leafless worm complex - Spodoptera cosmioides, Spodoptera frugiperda and Helicoverpa armigera - are responsible for a considerable reduction in grain production. The application of botanical extracts is a viable and efficient alternative of control, besides being less harmful to the environment and human health. The objective was to evaluate the insecticidal potential of the raw extract of leaves and bark of Anadenanthera macrocarpa, on S. frugiperda, S. cosmioides, H. armigera. The insects were kept on artificial diet under controlled conditions. The toxic action of the extracts was evaluated by topical application. First the lethal concentration was estimated and then the biological parameters of the three lepidopteran species were determined. The extracts of leaves and bark of A. macrocarpa were efficient in the control of H. armigera, S. frugiperda and S.a cosmioides, reducing survival in 75, 60 and 50%, respectively, as well as changes in biological parameters such as larval period increase, weight reduction of larvae and pupae. The chemical compounds present in the leaves and bark extracts of A. macrocarpa, besides causing direct mortality of the studied insects, alter the biological cycle of S. frugiperda, S. cosmoides and H. armigera.Keywords: Angico-black; Spodoptera cosmioides; Spodoptera frugiperda; Helicoverpa armígera; bioinsecticides

Effect of racial crossing on the seminal parameters of rams submitted to heat stress

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of racial crossing on seminal parameters of eight Santa Inês and crossbred (Santa Inês x Dorper) rams submitted to heat stress, and to monitor the return of these parameters to previously reported. Before to place the insulation bags, two collects of semen through electroejaculation were performed. The insulation pouches were made with double-layer plastic, internally lined with cotton, and fixed around the spermatic funiculus and scrotum with adhesive tape and bandage remaining on the testes of the animals for seven days. The first collect was performed on the day that the pouches were taken (day 0) and thereafter, every seven days, totalizing 15 measurements. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The analyzed variables were subjected to Dunnett test at 5% probability to compare the values obtained before treatment with those obtained in the following days. In this study it was found that the animals restored normal seminal parameter after the insulation effects, however, the return rate differed slightly among the studied breeds. The crossbred animals restored the seminal patterns, on average, a week before Santa Inês. It is concluded that the racial crossing influences the semen parameters of rams submitted to heat stress. Keywords: motility, scrotal insulation, sperm concentration, sperm quality