A Comprehensive Transit Accessibility and Equity Dashboard

The TransitCenter Equity Dashboard tracks how well public transit systems in seven densely populated urban regions in the United States serve their riders and how changes to transit service affect riders over space, time, and cost constraints. The dashboard presents a series of charts and interactive maps that can be used to evaluate variations in transit accessibility and equity. It was created using publicly available data and primarily open-source software. All measures can be accessed by users seeking to conduct their own analyses. Results demonstrate differences in agency responses to COVID-19 as well as baseline transit service levels provided to different demographic groups

Ethical issues in public health surveillance: a systematic qualitative review

Background: Public health surveillance is not ethically neutral and yet, ethics guidance and training for surveillance programmes is sparse. Development of ethics guidance should be based on comprehensive and transparently derived overviews of ethical issues and arguments. However, existing overviews on surveillance ethics are limited in scope and in how transparently they derived their results. Our objective was accordingly to provide an overview of ethical issues in public health surveillance;in addition, to list the arguments put forward with regards to arguably the most contested issue in surveillance, that is whether to obtain informed consent. Methods: Ethical issues were defined based on principlism. We assumed an ethical issue to arise in surveillance when a relevant normative principle is not adequately considered or two principles come into conflict. We searched Pubmed and Google Books for relevant publications. We analysed and synthesized the data using qualitative content analysis. Results: Our search strategy retrieved 525 references of which 83 were included in the analysis. We identified 86 distinct ethical issues arising in the different phases of the surveillance life-cycle. We further identified 20 distinct conditions that make it more or less justifiable to forego informed consent procedures. Conclusions: This is the first systematic qualitative review of ethical issues in public health surveillance resulting in a comprehensive ethics matrix that can inform guidelines, reports, strategy papers, and educational material and raise awareness among practitioners

TESS asteroseismology of the known red-giant host stars HD 212771 and HD 203949

International audienc

EMERGENCIAS QUIRÚRGICAS POR ACCIDENTES DE TRÁNSITO EN EL HOSPITAL GENERAL DOCENTE AMBATO DERIVADAS POR ATENCIÓN PREHOSPITALARIA.

Introducción: Los accidentes de tránsito son un problema de salud pública, su atención y forma de presentación desde la atención prehospitalaria hasta las unidades complejas como hospitales son eventos graves en el Ecuador y han hecho que se considere uno de los países con mayores índices de mortalidad por accidentes de tránsito. Objetivo: determinar el número de pacientes evaluados por atención prehospitalaria por accidentes de tránsito que necesitan cirugías de emergencia. Metodología: Investigación no experimental, descriptiva y transversal, con una muestra censal constituido por 75 pacientes atendidos por atención prehospitalaria en accidentes de tránsito y derivados al Hospital General Docente Ambato de la Provincia de Tungurahua, en el período enero­-marzo del 2019, se utilizaron dos escalas un instrumento de atención prehospitalaria y el score de trauma revisado, el análisis estadístico se realizó por el software estadístico (SPSS Estatistics 20.0 para Windows), por medio del cálculo de la distribución numérica y porcentual. Resultados: De los pacientes con atención pre-hospitalaria en accidentes de tránsito predominaron los adolescentes de 12 a 18 años en 40%, pero los pacientes graves evaluados por la escala de trauma revisado la mayor frecuencia fueron los adultos de 27-59 años, el servicio de traumatología tuvo un 53.3% de los pacientes quirúrgicos y las complicaciones postquirúrgicas gastrointestinales representaron un 44.44%. Conclusiones: Los accidentes de tránsito, en su mayoría necesitan cirugías de emergencia, predominando las patologías traumatológicas, la escala de trauma revisado es una herramienta que permiten establecer pautas de atención para reducir la morbimortalidad Palabras Clave: prehospitalaria, emergencia, cirugía , trauma.  ABSTRACT Introduction: Traffic accidents are a public health problem, their attention and form of presentation from prehospital care to complex units such as hospitals are serious events in Ecuador and have made it consider one of the countries with the highest mortality rates for traffic accidents. Objective: to determine the number of patients evaluated for pre-hospital care for traffic accidents who need emergency surgeries. Methodology: Non-experimental, descriptive and cross-sectional research, with a census sample made up of 75 patients treated for prehospital care in traffic accidents and referred to the Ambato General Teaching Hospital of the Province of Tungurahua, in the period January-March 2019, Two scales were used, a pre-hospital care instrument and the revised trauma score. Statistical analysis was performed by statistical software (SPSS Statistics 20.0 for Windows), by calculating the numerical and percentage distribution. Results: Of the patients with pre-hospital care in traffic accidents, adolescents aged 12 to 18 years predominated in 40%, but the seriously ill patients evaluated by the revised trauma scale, the highest frequency were adults aged 27-59 years. The trauma department had 53.3% of surgical patients and gastrointestinal post-surgical complications accounted for 44.44%. Conclusions: Traffic accidents mostly require emergency surgeries, predominantly trauma pathologies, the revised trauma scale is a tool that allows establishing care guidelines to reduce morbidity and mortality Key Words: Prehospital, emergency, surgery, trauma

Fermi Large Area Telescope Constraints on the Gamma-ray Opacity of the Universe

The Extragalactic Background Light (EBL) includes photons with wavelengths from ultraviolet to infrared, which are effective at attenuating gamma rays with energy above ~10 GeV during propagation from sources at cosmological distances. This results in a redshift- and energy-dependent attenuation of the gamma-ray flux of extragalactic sources such as blazars and Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). The Large Area Telescope onboard Fermi detects a sample of gamma-ray blazars with redshift up to z~3, and GRBs with redshift up to z~4.3. Using photons above 10 GeV collected by Fermi over more than one year of observations for these sources, we investigate the effect of gamma-ray flux attenuation by the EBL. We place upper limits on the gamma-ray opacity of the Universe at various energies and redshifts, and compare this with predictions from well-known EBL models. We find that an EBL intensity in the optical-ultraviolet wavelengths as great as predicted by the "baseline" model of Stecker et al. (2006) can be ruled out with high confidence.Comment: 42 pages, 12 figures, accepted version (24 Aug.2010) for publication in ApJ; Contact authors: A. Bouvier, A. Chen, S. Raino, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, L.C. Reye

Age dating of an early Milky Way merger via asteroseismology of the naked-eye star ν Indi

Over the course of its history, the Milky Way has ingested multiple smaller satellite galaxies1. Although these accreted stellar populations can be forensically identified as kinematically distinct structures within the Galaxy, it is difficult in general to date precisely the age at which any one merger occurred. Recent results have revealed a population of stars that were accreted via the collision of a dwarf galaxy, called Gaia–Enceladus1, leading to substantial pollution of the chemical and dynamical properties of the Milky Way. Here we identify the very bright, naked-eye star ν Indi as an indicator of the age of the early in situ population of the Galaxy. We combine asteroseismic, spectroscopic, astrometric and kinematic observations to show that this metal-poor, alpha-element-rich star was an indigenous member of the halo, and we measure its age to be 11.0±0.7 (stat) ±0.8 (sys) billion years. The star bears hallmarks consistent with having been kinematically heated by the Gaia–Enceladus collision. Its age implies that the earliest the merger could have begun was 11.6 and 13.2 billion years ago, at 68% and 95% confidence, respectively. Computations based on hierarchical cosmological models slightly reduce the above limits

Mammal responses to global changes in human activity vary by trophic group and landscape

Wildlife must adapt to human presence to survive in the Anthropocene, so it is critical to understand species responses to humans in different contexts. We used camera trapping as a lens to view mammal responses to changes in human activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Across 163 species sampled in 102 projects around the world, changes in the amount and timing of animal activity varied widely. Under higher human activity, mammals were less active in undeveloped areas but unexpectedly more active in developed areas while exhibiting greater nocturnality. Carnivores were most sensitive, showing the strongest decreases in activity and greatest increases in nocturnality. Wildlife managers must consider how habituation and uneven sensitivity across species may cause fundamental differences in human–wildlife interactions along gradients of human influence.Peer reviewe

Particle-flow reconstruction and global event description with the CMS detector

The CMS apparatus was identified, a few years before the start of the LHC operation at CERN, to feature properties well suited to particle-flow (PF) reconstruction: a highly-segmented tracker, a fine-grained electromagnetic calorimeter, a hermetic hadron calorimeter, a strong magnetic field, and an excellent muon spectrometer. A fully-fledged PF reconstruction algorithm tuned to the CMS detector was therefore developed and has been consistently used in physics analyses for the first time at a hadron collider. For each collision, the comprehensive list of final-state particles identified and reconstructed by the algorithm provides a global event description that leads to unprecedented CMS performance for jet and hadronic tau decay reconstruction, missing transverse momentum determination, and electron and muon identification. This approach also allows particles from pileup interactions to be identified and enables efficient pileup mitigation methods. The data collected by CMS at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV show excellent agreement with the simulation and confirm the superior PF performance at least up to an average of 20 pileup interactions

The European Reference Genome Atlas: piloting a decentralised approach to equitable biodiversity genomics.

ABSTRACT: A global genome database of all of Earth’s species diversity could be a treasure trove of scientific discoveries. However, regardless of the major advances in genome sequencing technologies, only a tiny fraction of species have genomic information available. To contribute to a more complete planetary genomic database, scientists and institutions across the world have united under the Earth BioGenome Project (EBP), which plans to sequence and assemble high-quality reference genomes for all ∼1.5 million recognized eukaryotic species through a stepwise phased approach. As the initiative transitions into Phase II, where 150,000 species are to be sequenced in just four years, worldwide participation in the project will be fundamental to success. As the European node of the EBP, the European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) seeks to implement a new decentralised, accessible, equitable and inclusive model for producing high-quality reference genomes, which will inform EBP as it scales. To embark on this mission, ERGA launched a Pilot Project to establish a network across Europe to develop and test the first infrastructure of its kind for the coordinated and distributed reference genome production on 98 European eukaryotic species from sample providers across 33 European countries. Here we outline the process and challenges faced during the development of a pilot infrastructure for the production of reference genome resources, and explore the effectiveness of this approach in terms of high-quality reference genome production, considering also equity and inclusion. The outcomes and lessons learned during this pilot provide a solid foundation for ERGA while offering key learnings to other transnational and national genomic resource projects.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio