Sääreluu pikisuunaline väsimusmurd

Sääreluu stressmurrud on sportlastel suhteliselt sage ülekoormusega kaasnev probleem. Tavaliselt tekib selline murd risti sääreluu pikiteljega. Kirjeldatud haigusjuhu puhul oli tegemist harvemini esineva pikisuunalise stressmurruga, mis võib kliiniliselt olla aladiagnoositud. Röntgeniülesvõtetel võib selline murd mitte esile tulla või jääda kergesti märkamata, mistõttu tuleks kasutada lisaks kas kompuutertomograafilist või magnetresonantstomograafilist uuringut. Viimasega on võimalik visualiseerida ka murrule eelnevaid muutusi (nn stressreaktsiooni) nii luuüdis kui ka periostis ja endostis.Eesti Arst 2017; 96(6):344–34

Noorte poliitiline osalus Twitteris: kuidas noored ennast säutsudes väljendavad?

Youth political participation on Twitter: how youth express themselves in tweets?AbstractSocial media allows young people to engage in new, alternative ways that differ from traditional political participation. Social media is considered to be one of the main means of self-expression for young people, which includes political self-expression. Young people prefer more personal ways of political participation compared to traditional participation, such as voting in elections or joining a political party. To increase youth political participation, it is important to understand how young people participate on different social media platforms. In addition, it is essential to find methods to include those who have not yet been involved by previous methods of involvement. This study focused on Twitter, intending to find out what supports and hinders participation on Twitter, what forms of participation young people use, what meaning participation on Twitter has for young people, what motivates them to participate, and what are the effects of participation on Twitter on other forms of participation in the opinion of young people. The author used ethnographic observation on the social media platform Twitter and semi-structured interviews with young Estonian Twitter users as data collection methods and thematic content analysis to analyze the collected data. Results revealed that although young people are interested in political and social issues, with interest primarily expressed through keeping themselves informed, they consider their own activity insufficient. According to young people, active political participation in social media manifests primarily in initiating discussions through original posts. Anonymity and positive feedback from other users were cited as factors supporting participation. Young people prefer social media to get news and see Twitter as a reliable source of information, but they emphasized the criticality of sources and the importance of fact-checking content posted on social media. They considered Twitter an important social media platform that supports participation through sharing information, raising awareness of current issues and participating in discussions through which changes in society can take place

A bioactive hybrid three-dimensional tissue-engineering construct for cartilage repair

The aim was to develop a hybrid three-dimensional-tissue engineering construct for chondrogenesis. The hypothesis was that they support chondrogenesis. A biodegradable, highly porous polycaprolactone-grate was produced by solid freeform fabrication. The polycaprolactone support was coated with a chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofibre sheet produced by electrospinning. Transforming growth factor-3-induced chondrogenesis was followed using the following markers: sex determining region Y/-box 9, runt-related transcription factor 2 and collagen II and X in quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, histology and immunostaining. A polycaprolactone-grate and an optimized chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofibre sheet supported cellular aggregation, chondrogenesis and matrix formation. In tissue engineering constructs, the sheets were seeded first with mesenchymal stem cells and then piled up according to the lasagne principle. The advantages of such a construct are (1) the cells do not need to migrate to the tissue engineering construct and therefore pore size and interconnectivity problems are omitted and (2) the cell-tight nanofibre sheet and collagen-fibre network mimic a cell culture platform for mesenchymal stem cells/chondrocytes (preventing escape) and hinders in-growth of fibroblasts and fibrous scarring (preventing capture). This allows time for the slowly progressing, multiphase true cartilage regeneration.Peer reviewe

Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells in two-dimensional and three-dimensional cultures without animal serum

Abstract Introduction Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been intensely studied for the purpose of developing solutions for clinical tissue engineering. Autologous MSCs can potentially be used to replace tissue defects, but the procedure also carries risks such as immunization and xenogeneic infection. Replacement of the commonly used fetal calf serum (FCS) with human platelet lysate and plasma (PLP) to support cell growth may reduce some of these risks. Altered media could, however, influence stem cell differentiation and we address this experimentally. Methods We examined human MSC differentiation into the osteoblast lineage using in vitro two- and three-dimensional cultures with PLP or FCS as cell culture medium supplements. Differentiation was followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and alkaline phosphatase activity, matrix formation and matrix calcium content were quantified. Results Three-dimensional culture, where human MSCs were grown on collagen sponges, markedly stimulated osteoblast differentiation; a fourfold increase in calcium deposition could be observed in both PLP and FCS groups. PLP-grown cells showed robust osteogenic differentiation both in two- and three-dimensional MSC cultures. The calcium content of the matrix in the two-dimensional PLP group at day 14 was 2.2-fold higher in comparison to the FCS group (p < 0.0001), and at day 21 it was still 1.3-fold higher (p < 0.001), suggesting earlier calcium accumulation to the matrix in the PLP group. This was supported by stronger Alizarin Red staining in the PLP group at day 14. In two-dimesional PLP cultures, cellular proliferation appeared to decrease during later stages of differentiation, while in the FCS group the number of cells increased throughout the experiment. In three-dimensional experiments, the PLP and FCS groups behaved more congruently, except for the alkaline phosphatase activity and mRNA levels which were markedly increased by PLP. Conclusions Human PLP was at least equal to FCS in supporting osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs in two- and three-dimensional conditions; however, proliferation was inferior. As PLP is free of animal components, and thus represents reduced risk for xenogeneic infection, its use for human MSC-induced bone repair in the clinic by the three-dimensional live implants presented here appears a promising therapy option

Toll-like receptors in human chondrocytes and osteoarthritic cartilage

Peer reviewe

Bone regeneration and stem cells.

?  Introduction ?  Bone fracture healing and healing problems ?  Biomaterial scaffolds and tissue engineering in bone formation -  Bone tissue engineering -  Biomaterial scaffolds -  Synthetic scaffolds -  Micro- and nanostructural properties of scaffolds -  Conclusion ?  Mesenchymal stem cells and osteogenesis -  Bone tissue -  Origin of osteoblasts -  Isolation and characterization of bone marrow derived MSC -  In vitro differentiation of MSC into osteoblast lineage cells -  In vivo differentiation of MSC into bone -  Factors and pathways controlling osteoblast differentiation of hMSC -  Defining the relationship between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation from MSC -  MSC and sex hormones -  Effect of aging on osteoblastogenesis -  Conclusion ?  Embryonic, foetal and adult stem cells in osteogenesis -  Cell-based therapies for bone -  Specific features of bone cells needed to be advantageous for clinical use -  Development of therapeutic biological agents -  Clinical application concerns -  Conclusion ?  Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), growth factors and osteogenesis -  PRP effects in vitro on the cells involved in bone repair -  PRP effects on osteoblasts -  PRP effects on osteoclasts -  PRP effects on endothelial cells -  PRP effects in vivo on experimental animals -  The clinical use of PRP for bone repair -  Non-union -  Distraction osteogenesis -  Spinal fusion -  Foot and ankle surgery -  Total knee arthroplasty -  Odontostomatology and maxillofacial surgery -  Conclusion ?  Molecular control of osteogenesis -  TGF-β signalling -  FGF signalling -  IGF signalling -  PDGF signalling -  MAPK signalling pathway -  Wnt signalling pathway -  Hedgehog signalling -  Notch signalling -  Ephrin signalling -  Transcription factors regulating osteoblast differentiation -  Conclusion ?  Summary This invited review covers research areas of central importance for orthopaedic and maxillofacial bone tissue repair, including normal fracture healing and healing problems, biomaterial scaffolds for tissue engineering, mesenchymal and foetal stem cells, effects of sex steroids on mesenchymal stem cells, use of platelet-rich plasma for tissue repair, osteogenesis and its molecular markers. A variety of cells in addition to stem cells, as well as advances in materials science to meet specific requirements for bone and soft tissue regeneration by addition of bioactive molecules, are discussed

Gas Environment Recoverable Detection (GERD) HMI

Report on the work done during the summer student project. The goal was to produce HMI panels for the GERD smoke detection system. The required platform was WinCC OA and the running sensor data needed to be displayed, pump controls were needed and an alarm was required to be set for the smoke sensors upper limit range

Umsetzung der DIN ISO 9000 ff. zur Einfuehrung von Qualitaetssicherungssystemen fuer die landwirtschaftliche Produktion und das Nahrungs- und Genussmittelgewerbe Zuarbeit zum Bericht ueber die Handlungsanleitungen und Erfahrungen zu den Qualitaetsmanagementelementen

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F96B1715+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman