The risk of secondary traumatic stress in the qualitative transcription process: A research note.

Kiyimba, N. & O'Reilly, M., The risk of secondary traumatic stress in the qualitative transcription process: a research note, Qualitative Research (16:4) pp. 468-476. Copyright © Nikki Kiyimba & Michelle O'Reilly, 2015. Reprinted by permission of SAGE Publications.It is recognised that transcribing is not merely a neutral and mechanical process, but is active and requires careful engagement with the qualitative data. Whether the researcher transcribes their own data or employs professional transcriptionists the process requires repeated listening to participants’ personal narratives. This repetition has a cumulative effect on the transcriptionist and hearing the participants’ personal narratives of a sensitive or distressing nature, can have an emotional impact. However, this potential emotional impact is often not something which is accounted for in the planning stages of research. In this article we critically discuss the importance of considering the effects on transcriptionists who engage with qualitative data

Is bicarbonate in Photosystem II the equivalent of the glutamate ligand to the iron atom in bacterial reaction centers?

Photosystem II of oxygen-evolving organisms exhibits a bicarbonate-reversible formate effect on electron transfer between the primary and secondary acceptor quinones, QA and QB. This effect is absent in the otherwise similar electron acceptor complex of purple bacteria, e.g. Rhodobacter sphaeroides. This distinction has led to the suggestion that the iron atom of the acceptor quinone complex in PS II might lack the fifth and sixth ligands provided in the bacterial reaction center (RC) by a glutamate residue at position 234 of the M-subunit in Rb. sphaeroides,RCs (M232 in Rps. viridis). By site-directed mutagenesis we have altered GluM234 in RCs from Rb. sphaeroides, replacing it with valine, glutamine and glycine to form mutants M234EV, M234EQ and M234EG, respectively. These mutants grew competently under phototrophic conditions and were tested for the formate-bicarbonate effect. In chromatophores there were no detectable differences between wild type (Wt) and mutant M234EV with respect to cytochrome b-561 reduction following a flash, and no effect of bicarbonate depletion (by incubation with formate). In isolated RCs, several electron transfer activities were essentially unchanged in Wt and M234EV, M234EQ and M234EG mutants, and no formate-bicarbonate effect was observed on: (a) the fast or slow phases of recovery of the oxidized primary donor (P+) in the absence of exogenous donor, i.e., the recombination of P+QA− or P+QB−, respectively; (b) the kinetics of electron transfer from QA− to QB; or (c) the flash dependent oscillations of semiquinone formation in the presence of donor to P+ (QB turnover). The absence of a formate-bicarbonate effect in these mutants suggests that GluM234 is not responsible for the absence of the formate-bicarbonate effect in Wt bacterial RCs, or at least that other factors must be taken into account. The mutant RCs were also examined for the fast primary electron transfer along the active (A-)branch of the pigment chain, leading to reduction of QA. The kinetics were resolved to reveal the reduction of the monomer bacteriochlorophyll (τ = 3.5 ps), followed by reduction of the bacteriopheophytin (τ = 0.9 ps). Both steps were essentially unaltered from the wild type. However, the rate of reduction of QA was slowed by a factor of 2 (τ = 410 ± 30 and 47 ± 30 ps for M234EQ and M234EV, respectively, compared to 220 ps in the wild type). EPR studies of the isolated RCs showed a characteristic g = 1.82 signal for the QA semiquinone coupled to the iron atom, which was indistinguishable from the wild type. It is concluded that GluM234 is not essential to the normal functioning of the acceptor quinone complex in bacterial RCs and that the role of bicarbonate in PS II is distinct from the role of this residue in bacterial RCs

Toward a History of Women Projectionists in Post-war British Cinemas

Cinema projection is usually understood to be a male-dominated occupation, with the projection box characterised as a gendered space separate from the more typically feminine front-of-house roles. Although this is a fairly accurate representation, it risks eliminating all traces of women’s labour in the projection box. Previous work by David R. Williams (1997) and Rebecca Harrison (2016) has addressed the role of women projectionists during wartime, and this article begins to excavate a hidden history of women projectionists in a peacetime context. The article uses oral testimony from two women – Florence Barton and Joan Pearson – who worked as projectionists in the mid-twentieth century. Their accounts are presented in the article as two portraits, which aim to convey a sense of the women’s everyday lives in the projection box, as well as think about implications that their stories have for our understanding of women’s roles in projection more broadly. Of particular significance to both Barton and Pearson are the relationships that they had with their male colleagues, the possibilities afforded for career progression (and the different paths taken by the women) and the nature of projection work. The women’s repeated assertions that they were expected to do the same jobs as their male counterparts form a key aspect of the interviews, which suggest there is scope for further investigation of women’s labour specifically in projection boxes and in cinemas more generally

‘That’s where my perception of it all was shattered’:Oral histories and moral geographies of food sector workers in an English city region

AbstractGeographers and oral historians continue to have much to learn from each other. The subfield of labour geography in particular can enrich its understanding of workers’ lived experiences, both in employment and beyond the workplace, through greater use of interpretative, collaborative oral history methodologies. Attentive to the temporal specificity and inter-subjectivity of people’s narratives, oral history reveals how workers’ moral geographies emerge and change. This article documents the spatio-temporalities and institutions of food sector employment in Peterborough, England, a city-region from which urban-based workers are bussed out daily to rural jobs. The analysis draws on four extended case studies of people who migrated to the UK and worked in the sector in the 2000s, building on recent research that has highlighted harsh employment conditions in the food production, packing and processing sector. It complements this work by viewing narrative itself as an agentic act and listening to how research participants crafted their life stories. These stories revealed diverse, complex and context-specific moral geographies, with participants variously placing value on small acts of rebellion or refusal, dignity and the time to speak with others at work. The article advocates greater engagement by labour geographers with the subjective experiences of workers, and with individual as well as collective agency

Electron Transfer in the Reaction Center From Rhodopseudomonas Viridis (Photosynthesis, Bioenergetics, Bacteria)

161 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1986.The dissertation research was the characterization of photoinduced electron transfer in the reaction center protein involved in bacterial photosynthesis of the species Rhodopseudomonas viridis. The quinone acceptor complex behaves as a two electron gate, to shuttle electrons and protons through the reaction center, as in other photosynthetic bacterial reaction centers and in Photosystem II of plants. The primary quinone, Q(,A), was identified as menaquinone and the secondary quinone, Q(,B), as a ubiquinone. The forward electron transfer equilibrium, from Q(,A) to Q(,B), was found to be driven by a large enthalpy decrease which compensated a decrease in entropy. This electron transfer was inhibited by some herbicides which act at Photosystem II. Two mutant strains, tolerant to the herbicide Terbutryn, were characterized and found to have lowered binding affinity for the substrate ubiquinone as well as the inhibitor, suggesting that the inhibitors (e.g. s-triazines) mimic the quinone rather than the semiquinone. The kinetics of charge recombination between the photooxidized primary donor, P('+), and the photoreduced quinone acceptors were measured. The temperature dependence of the P('+) Q(,A)('-) recovery kinetic revealed a novel indirect route as well as the more typical electron tunneling pathway, as a mechanism for this charge recombination. A charge recombination between the bound photooxidized secondary donor, cytochrome c(,558)('+), and Q(,A)('-) also occurs. A detailed study of the temperature and pH dependencies of the kinetics of this reaction and of the redox midpoint potentials for the components, substantiated a mechanism for the charge recombination of the state cytochrome c(,558)('+) Q(,A)('-) as an equilibration of the positive hole between cytochrome c(,558) and P and return of the electron via the P('+) Q(,A)('-) state. The oxidation rates of cytochrome c(,558) and cytochrome c(,533) by P('+) were measured. An electron equilibration step was discovered between the initially oxidized cytochrome c(,558) and the other bound cytochrome c(,558).U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD