KTN-crystal-waveguide-based electro-optic phase modulator with high performance index

An electro-optic (EO) phase modulator with a low driving voltage that uses newly developed KTa1-xNbxO3 buried waveguides is described. The waveguide layers for the core and cladding were formed using liquid phase epitaxy techniques. The propagation loss was less than 0.5 dB/cm and the polarisation-dependent loss was less than 0.1 dB/cm. The EO phase modulator had a low Vp×L value o