Wireless control system for spy devices based dual tone multi frequency technology

Obtaining information is one of the most important requirements for  intelligence works, spy surveillance cameras and listening devices are among the important means for this. One problem of using these means is a mechanism of controlling them to sustain their work efficiently for the perpetuating of achieving the purpose of their installation. In this research, the problem of controlling these devices has been overcome, by designing asystem dependent on the dual tone multi frequency (DTMF) and global system for mobile(GSM) networks. In the proposed work, designing and  implementing a system to remotely and wirelessly control of the movement of spy cameras in all directions as well as the ability to control the on/off listing audio device anytime and anywhere. The proposed mechanism is implementedby dividing the work into nine modes, with each one performing one specificfunction. These work modes are used to control all system activities such as control the horizontal directional motor (HDM) to change the spy camera in different horizontal directions, control the vertical directional motor (VDM) to change the camera in vertical directions and control the working status of the listening device

Low-complex Bayesian estimator for imperfect channels in massive muti-input multi-output system

Motivated by the fact that the complexity of the computations is one of the main challenges in large multiple input multiple output systems, known as massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, this article proposes a low-complex minimum mean squared error (MMSE) Bayesian channel estimator for uplink channels of such systems. First, we have discussed the necessity of the covariance information for the MMSE estimator and how their imperfection knowledge can affect its accuracy. Then, two reduction phases in dimension and floating-point operations have been suggested to reduce its complexity: in phase 1, eigenstructure reduction for channel covariance matrices is implemented based on some truncation rules, while in phase 2, arithmetic operations reduction for matrix multiplications in the MMSE equation is followed. The proposed procedure has significantly reduced the complexity of the MMSE estimator to the first order O(M), which is less than that required for the conventional MMSE with O(M3) in terms of matrix dimension. It has been shown that the estimated channels using our proposed procedure are asymptotically aligned and serve the same quality as the full-rank estimated channels. Our results are validated by averaging the normalized mean squared error (NMSE) over a length of 500 sample realizations through a Monte Carlo simulation using MATLAB R2020a

Reduction Of Escherichia Coli In Ablution, Lake And River Water Using Porcelanite

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menyiasat penggunaan porselanit dan klorin (natrium hipoklorit) untuk pengurangan E.coli dalam sampel air yang diperolehi dari Sungai Pinang, Tasik Harapan, dan air wuduk dari Masjid Khalid, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang. Kesan pH, dos porselanit, saiz butiran dan suhu telah dinilai. Eksperimen ini telah dijalankan ke atas pelbagai jenis dos (40, 50, 60, 70, 80, dan 90 mg/ L), saiz butiran porselanit (0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, dan 0.5 mm), pH (5, 6, 7, 8, dan 9) dan suhu (10, 20, 30, dan 40℃). Proses makmal yang terlibat ialah pengenceran sampel (1:10 dan 1:100) dan inokulasi pada agar MacConkey dan pada petri agar Eosin Metilena Biru. Selepas pengeraman, koloni-koloni telah dihitung menggunakan pengira koloni. Keputusan yang diperolehi daripada 108-larian (dengan tiga replikasi) reka bentuk faktorial telah dianalisis. Analisis varians (ANOVA) mendedahkan bahawa model disebut melengkapi secukupnya data ujikaji bagi semua tindak balas. This study aimed to investigate the use of porcelanite and chlorine (sodium hypochlorite) for the reduction E.coli in water samples obtained from Pinang River, Harapan Lake, and ablution water from Khalid Mosque, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang. The effects of pH, dosage of porcelanite, grain size and temperature were evaluated. The experiments were performed over a wide range of dosage (40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 mg/L), porcelanite grain size (0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mm), pH (5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) and temperature (10, 20, 30, and 40 ). The laboratory process involved in this study was preparation of serial dilutions of the sample (1:10 and 1:100) and cultivating these dilutions on MacConkey agar and Eosin Methylene Blue agar plate. After incubation, the colonies were counted using colony counter. The results obtained from 108-runs (with three replicates) factorial design were analyzed. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mentioned model adequately fitted the experimental data for all responses

EFFECT OF AMLODIPINE ON ENTEROPATHY INDUCED BY INDOMETHACIN IN RATS

Objective: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have become well known for causing gastroduodenal mucosal damage. In addition, they are also known to affect the small intestine in humans. Amlodipine is a third-generation dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blocker; it can inhibit inflammatory cytokines and enhance antioxidant defenses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Amlodipine on indomethacin-induced enteropathy in rats. Methods: Enteropathy was induced by subcutaneous indomethacin (Indo) prepared in 5 % sodium bicarbonate administrated at a dose rate of 9 mg/kg for two days at 24h intervals. Amlodipine (10 mg/Kg body weight po) was administrated for seven consecutive days beginning 24 h after the first Indo injection. Rats were sacrificed under ether anesthesia on the 8th day. The small intestinal injury was assessed by body weight loss, small intestine weight/length ratio, macroscopic damage, histological study, as well as by biochemical measurement of reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxides and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the small intestine tissue. Results: The results showed that Amlodipine didn't decrease body weight loss, it decreased small intestine weight/length ratio, macroscopic and microscopic small intestinal damage scores caused by administration of Indo. It also increased SOD activity and decreased lipid peroxidation. The effect on the level of GSH wasn't observed. No statistical significance was observed when previous findings were compared to Indo induced enteropathy group (p>0.05). Conclusion: Amlodipine didn't produce an obvious enhancement in enteropathy induced by Indo in rats

Decision making under uncertainty: the case of Middle East Gulf dry bulk shipping companies

This research focuses on middle management tactical decision-making under uncertainty in a highly volatile business/market environment. In particular, this research focuses on chartering managers in the dry bulk ship-owning and ship-operating companies in the Middle East Gulf region, while making their daily chartering decisions under uncertainty. Under the umbrella of bounded rationality, the approach of this research goes through the managerial psychology of the chartering managers in Middle East Gulf (MEG) shipping companies, and the effect of the heuristics and biases on their decisionmaking. Descriptive and normative approaches to decision making, heuristics, biases, dual process decision-making model, control over heuristics, analytical intervention, and explicit reasoning are the key concepts constructing this research's framework. The aim of this research is to design a ship-chartering decision-making model that can streamline chartering managers' decision-making process, assist MEG ship owners and operators in improving the value proposition for their ships while underway, and contributes to the enhancement of their efficiency. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, where both qualitative and quantitative techniques have been used to collect the required data. After applying suitable analyses' techniques, this document synthesizes the qualitative and quantitative findings to develop the components of the looked-for decision-making model. The findings of this research reveal the chartering managers' predominant decisions, the heuristics frequently used by chartering managers in MEG, the emanating biases in ship chartering decisions, and the task-related factors affecting the initial intuitive stage. The findings of this research also identify the factors affecting the top-down control over heuristics in ship chartering decisions in MEG dry bulk shipping companies, and the sources of the bottom-up control. Building on the work done by Jonathan Evans on dual process modeling, and the recent work done by Gordon Pennycook, Jonathan Fugelsang, and Derek J. Koehler on the three-stage dual process modeling, this research introduces a revised three-stage dual process decision-making model that is specifically designed for ship chartering decision-making in Middle East Gulf shipping companies

Automation conditions of mobile base station shelter via cloud and IoT computing applications

In this paper, a monitoring and controlling process of the mobile base station shelter has been implemented. We have proposed a model that is based on a firebase cloud service and the principle of the internet of things (IoT) to carry out the process of automation. In this model, we have used Raspberry Pi 4 as the main microcontroller of our system that has interacted with a DHT11 Humidity-Temperature sensor and a PIR motion sensor. It's found that the Pi4 module provides efficient analysis, low consumption of power, and effective control of the operation. It turns ON/OFF the electrical appliances automatically inside the shelter. The main advantage of our proposed model is to maintain the temperature and humidity degrees inside the shelter within the required range of operation. Another important advantage is to diminish the tall human exertion level behind the monitoring process throughout the day. The model has been tested through a localhost server via an HTML page. The last one was created with the assistance of HTML and CSS languages to be used as a local user interface. Moreover, the Raspberry Pi 4 was programmed by Python Language to catch up on the reading of the sensors, processes the data, and sends it to the cloud service. Finally, those data will be shown in real-time to the authenticated user on the database of the firebase cloud service

Serological Detection of Sarcocystiosis in Buffaloes

The study aimed to serologically detect the prevalence of Sarcocystis infection in buffaloes using the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the first time in Iraq. An overall 184 buffaloes of different ages and sexes were selected randomly from the regions of Wasit province (Iraq) from March to June (2022), and subjected to draining of venous blood under aseptic conditions. After centrifugation, the obtained sera were examined by indirect ELISA. Totally, 33.15% of study animals were positive for IgG antibodies. According to their concentrations, the ODs level showed a significant increase (P<0.0186) in mild infection (63.93%) when compared to moderate (27.87%) and strong (8.2%) infections. Subsequently, values of mild, moderate, and strong infections were 0.330 ± 0.01, 0.554 ± 0.019 and 0.912 ± 0.031 nm, respectively. Regarding age and sex factors, significantly higher positivity (P<0.0469) was shown in buffaloes aged >10 years old (57.89%); while the lowest was seen in those <1 year (13.64%). Subsequently, older buffaloes appeared significantly (P<0.0192) at higher risk (2.1685) when compared to other age groups. Females recorded an obvious increase (P<0.05) in positivity (35.95%) and risk (1.8569) in comparison with males; 19.35% and 0.5385, respectively. The results indicate that ELISA is of great value in the diagnosis of sarcocystosis

Outer-sphere electron-transfer between horse heart cytochrome c and anionic Cu(II/I) complexes: Evidence for precursor formation and coordination sphere reorganization for electron transfer

The outer-sphere electron-transfer reaction between anionic bis(5,6-bis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-3- (2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazine)Cu(II) and cytochrome cII was investigated as a function of pH, ionic strength, concentration, temperature and pressure. The plot of the observed pseudo-first-order rate constant as a function of the Cu(II) complex concentration showed saturation at higher Cu(II) concentrations, from which the precursor formation constant and the electron transfer rate constant could be separated (K = (7.7 ′ 0.5) × 103 M 1 and kET= 6.2 ′ 0.4 s -1 at I = 0.2 M, pH 7.4 and 288 K). The pseudo-first-order electron-transfer rate constant was measured as a function of temperature and pressure at (low and) high Cu(II) concentrations (ΔH= (85 ′ 4) 89 ′ 4 kJ mol -1; ΔS= (-61 ′ 13) -79 ′ 15 J K-1 mol-1; ΔG (288 K) = (67.6) 66.1 kJ mol-1; ΔV= (+8.8 ′ 0.6)+8.0 ′ 0.7 cm3 mol-1). Within the volume change for the overall reaction, the volume profile for the electron transfer step is almost symmetrical. The redox process and the change in coordination of the copper centre are proposed to be clearly separated. The back reaction between the Cu(I) complex and cytochrome cIII was investigated as a function of Cu(I) concentration at pH 7.4 at l bar. The observed pseudo-first-order rate constant reaches a saturation at high Cu(I) concentrations from which the precursor formation constant and the electron-transfer rate constant were estimated (K' = (2.0 ′ 0.2) × 103 M-1 and k'ET = 0.014 ′ 0.001 s-1 at I = 0.2 M, pH 7.4 and 288 K). Simulations of the measured cyclovoltammogramms applying an EC mechanism with two redox systems and two homogeneous chemical reactions were performed. The results are discussed with reference to earlier studies involving Co, Ru and Cr complexes as redox partners for cytochrome c

Differential effect of water salinity levels on gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant compounds in ex vitro date palm plants

In this study, the response to salt stress was evaluated in ex vitro acclimated date palm plants, regenerated from in vitro culture multiplication. The plants, eighteen-month-old, were irrigated with 0 (control), 150, 300 or 450 mM NaCl solutions (high to very high-water salinity). Photosynthesis parameters and antioxidant compounds were determined at the end of the experiment in leaves. At 150 mM NaCl, net CO2 assimilation rate and internal CO2 concentration were not impaired; while transpiration and stomatal conductance decreased by 60 and 70%, respectively. By increasing salt concentrations, all gas exchanges parameters were decreased. Measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 redox state showed that PSII and PSI machineries were significantly enhanced under 150 mM NaCl, conditions. With the 300 mM NaCl, the PSI parameters remained unchanged compared to control, while some of the PSII parameters, such as NPQ and Y (NPQ), were increased. At 450 mM NaCl, photosystems functionality was light intensity (PAR) dependent. Only at low PAR, a significant increase of some PSI and PSII parameters was observed. At the contrary, with high PAR, most of the energy conversion functions were significantly reduced, especially those related to PSI, indicating that PSI was more susceptible for damage by salinity than PSII. To overcome high salinity stress, ex vitro date palm plants mobilized a cascade of physio-biochemical pathways including the antioxidant activity and proline biosynthesis. Overall, the salinity of irrigation water, and up to 150 mM, improves the physiological performance of ex vitro date palm plants, which manage to tolerate very high levels of this stress.The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through the large research Groups projects (Project under grant number (RGP. 2/73/44)).Peer reviewe

Aging enhances serum cytokine response but not task-induced grip strength declines in a rat model of work-related musculoskeletal disorders

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We previously reported early tissue injury, increased serum and tissue inflammatory cytokines and decreased grip in young rats performing a moderate demand repetitive task. The tissue cytokine response was transient, the serum response and decreased grip were still evident by 8 weeks. Thus, here, we examined their levels at 12 weeks in young rats. Since aging is known to enhance serum cytokine levels, we also examined aged rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Aged and young rats, 14 mo and 2.5 mo of age at onset, respectfully, were trained 15 min/day for 4 weeks, and then performed a high repetition, low force (HRLF) reaching and grasping task for 2 hours/day, for 12 weeks. Serum was assayed for 6 cytokines: IL-1alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, MIP2, IL-10. Grip strength was assayed, since we have previously shown an inverse correlation between grip strength and serum inflammatory cytokines. Results were compared to naïve (grip), and normal, food-restricted and trained-only controls.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Serum cytokines were higher overall in aged than young rats, with increases in IL-1alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-6 in aged Trained and 12-week HRLF rats, compared to young Trained and HRLF rats (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively, each). IL-6 was also increased in aged 12-week HRLF versus aged normal controls (p < 0.05). Serum IFN-gamma and MIP2 levels were also increased in young 6-week HRLF rats, but no cytokines were above baseline levels in young 12-week HRLF rats. Grip strength declined in both young and aged 12-week HRLF rats, compared to naïve and normal controls (p < 0.05 each), but these declines correlated only with IL-6 levels in aged rats (r = -0.39).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Aging enhanced a serum cytokine response in general, a response that was even greater with repetitive task performance. Grip strength was adversely affected by task performance in both age groups, but was apparently influenced by factors other than serum cytokine levels in young rats.</p