A research in point of analogy of chemistry textbooks Li̇se ki̇mya ders ki̇taplarinin analoji̇k açidan i̇ncelenmeṡi

In this study 4 ninth-grade books, 5 tenth-grade and 3 eleventh-grade chemistry textbooks, approved by the Ministry of Education to be used in high schools in 2005-2006 were analyzed in relation to analogy. In the course of the study, the frequency, type (illustrated, verbal) and model of analogies, which take place in every topic, were analyzed. In case of more than one model in the same book and topic, only one of them was taken as a sample. At the end of the analysis, it was determined that 84 analogies take place in 12 textbooks, of which 68 are illustrated and 16 are verbal. When contents of these 84 analogies were analyzed, it was observed that 15 different models were used. It was concluded that analogies are used without any remarks and that types of analogy per book are insufficient

Stratigraphy and sedimentology of Neogene mammal bearing deposits in the Akkaşdaǧι area, Turkey

The Akkaşdaǧι area, situated in the southern margin of the Tertiary Çankιrι-Çorum Basin, Central Anatolia, Turkey, includes a 280 m thick, mostly continental sediment sequence that overlies either marine Palaeogene transgressive deposits or metamorphic rocks of Kirşehir Massif. From bottom to top the sequence can be divided into units of Deliceirmak Fm. (alluvial fan deposits) and Ceritkale member (marine fan-delta and shelf carbonates) of mid-upper Eocene, Güvendik Fm. (gypsum) of Oligocene, and Akkaşdaǧι Fm. (fine to coarse-grained alluvial clastics and lacustrine limestone) of upper Miocene-lower Pliocene. A granitic intrusion was emplaced into the basin after late Eocene. The Neogene succession includes mammalian fossils and the lithological composition of the succession is rather different from its equivalences in other parts of the basin. By facies analysis die Neogene infill could be categorised into alluvial fan deposits (facies association I), fluvial deposits (facies association II), lacustrine deposits (facies association III) and pyroclastic flow deposits (facies association IV). Facies association I is dominant and the others are observed inside as alternating sequences. The facies architecture and facies associations suggest that a structural depression existed in the area and was filled with sediments of distal alluvial fans, flood plains and lakes receiving deposits of distal or terminal alluvial fans and flood plains, and occupied partly by lakes. © Publications Scientifiques du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris