Valor de conservación de los bosques en regeneración para la comunidad de herpetofauna: un estudio de caso en la zona cultural de la reserva de biosfera del Manu - Madre de Dios

El presente trabajo de investigación se desarrolló en la estación privada de investigación Manu Learning Centre (MLC), Manu – Madre de Dios, entre Enero 2012 y Diciembre 2014, en un área de 828 hectáreas de bosque secundario con más de 30 años en proceso de regeneración, con la finalidad de evaluar el valor de conservación de los bosques en regeneración para la comunidad de herpetofauna. Se utilizó una combinación de metodologías de muestreo para anfibios y reptiles arbóreos y terrestres, así mismo se recurrió a la información contenida en publicaciones y bases de datos mundiales. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando estadística básica, índices de diversidad y análisis multivariado. Los resultados muestran que la riqueza de herpetofauna observada del bosque en regeneración fue mayor que la reportada en estudios previos en otros bosques secundarios, alcanzando un promedio igual a 98% ± 6.81 de los valores de bosques primarios, albergando además el 82% de las especies esperadas para el sitio. Sin embargo a pesar de contar con más de 30 años en proceso de regeneración la respuesta de la herpetofauna varío de acuerdo al tipo de perturbaciones antropogénicas históricas, encontrándose niveles bajos de herpetofauna arbórea en el bosque completamente clareado en comparación con la herpetofauna de los bosques talados selectivamente. Esto mismo se observó al realizar el estudio de las características de hábitat de las quebradas en los dos tipos de bosque en regeneración (completamente clareado y talado selectivamente) y su relación con la distribución de una nueva especie de rana (Ameerega sp.) únicamente a lo largo de las quebradas del bosque talado selectivamente. Estos resultados indican que además de proteger los bosques primarios, es importante proteger los bosques en regeneración para contribuir con la conservación de la biodiversidad.Tesi

Terrestrial camera traps: essential tool for the detection and future monitoring of the Critically Endangered Sira curassow Pauxi koepckeae

The only known population of Sira curassow Pauxi koepckeae resides within the Sira Communal Reserve, a chain of isolated and high-elevation outcrops of the Peruvian Andes. The species has previously been detected on just a handful of occasions, is thought to number less than 400 adult individuals and is Critically Endangered according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. As such, evaluating potential monitoring techniques to study the Sira curassow is of crucial importance to best inform future management strategies. We performed a preliminary assessment of camera traps to detect and collect novel ecological information on the Sira curassow. We used 17 cameras placed at regular altitudinal intervals (either 50 or 100 m) between 800 and 1800 m above sea level, 2 cameras placed at important habitat features, and 2 additional cameras placed on trails to assess hunting activity. Cameras were left in situ for 6 mo (March-September 2015). Sira curassows were detected at 26% of survey locations, totalling 19 independent detections. This resulted in an overall occupancy estimate of 0.25 across the whole transect and 0.55 across the current known elevational range. All records occurred between 1150 and 1500 m. Finally, we detail new ecological information obtained from the camera trap footage, readdress current threats to the species and provide recommendations regarding future monitoring

Notes on the reproduction of Kentropyx altamazonica (Squamata: Teiidae) and Imantodes lentiferus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from southeast Peru

No abstract available

Contrasting parental roles shape sex differences in poison frog space use but not navigational performance.

Sex differences in vertebrate spatial abilities are typically interpreted under the adaptive specialization hypothesis, which posits that male reproductive success is linked to larger home ranges and better navigational skills. The androgen spillover hypothesis counters that enhanced male spatial performance may be a byproduct of higher androgen levels. Animal groups that include species where females are expected to outperform males based on life-history traits are key for disentangling these hypotheses. We investigated the association between sex differences in reproductive strategies, spatial behavior, and androgen levels in three species of poison frogs. We tracked individuals in natural environments to show that contrasting parental sex roles shape sex differences in space use, where the sex performing parental duties shows wider-ranging movements. We then translocated frogs from their home areas to test their navigational performance and found that the caring sex outperformed the non-caring sex only in one out of three species. In addition, males across species displayed more explorative behavior than females and androgen levels correlated with explorative behavior and homing accuracy. Overall, we reveal that poison frog reproductive strategies shape movement patterns but not necessarily navigational performance. Together this work suggests that prevailing adaptive hypotheses provide an incomplete explanation of sex differences in spatial abilities

Methods matter: Different biodiversity survey methodologies identify contrasting biodiversity patterns in a human modified rainforest — A case study with amphibians

Understanding how well tropical forest biodiversity can recover following habitat change is often difficult due to conflicting assessments arising from different studies. One often overlooked potentially confounding factor that may influence assessments of biodiversity response to habitat change, is the possibility that different survey methodologies, targeting the same indicator taxon, may identify different patterns and so lead to different conclusions. Here we investigated whether two different but commonly used survey methodologies used to assess amphibian communities, pitfall trapping and nocturnal transects, indicate the same or different responses of amphibian biodiversity to historic human induced habitat change. We did so in a regenerating rainforest study site located in one of the world's most biodiverse and important conservation areas: the Manu Biosphere Reserve. We show that the two survey methodologies tested identified contrasting biodiversity patterns in a human modified rainforest. Nocturnal transect surveys indicated biodiversity differences between forest with different human disturbance histories, whereas pitfall trap surveys suggested no differences between forest disturbance types, except for community composition. This pattern was true for species richness, diversity, overall abundance and community evenness and structure. For some fine scale metrics, such as species specific responses and abundances of family groups, both methods detected differences between disturbance types. However, the direction of differences was inconsistent between methods. We highlight that for assessments of rainforest recovery following disturbance, survey methods do matter and that different biodiversity survey methods can identify contrasting patterns in response to different types of historic disturbance. Our results contribute to a growing body of evidence that arboreal species might be more sensitive indicators than terrestrial communities. © 2016 Elsevier Lt

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Valor de conservación de los bosques en regeneración para la comunidad de herpetofauna: un estudio de caso en la zona cultural de la reserva de biosfera del Manu - Madre de Dios

TesisEl presente trabajo de investigación se desarrolló en la estación privada de investigación Manu Learning Centre (MLC), Manu – Madre de Dios, entre Enero 2012 y Diciembre 2014, en un área de 828 hectáreas de bosque secundario con más de 30 años en proceso de regeneración, con la finalidad de evaluar el valor de conservación de los bosques en regeneración para la comunidad de herpetofauna. Se utilizó una combinación de metodologías de muestreo para anfibios y reptiles arbóreos y terrestres, así mismo se recurrió a la información contenida en publicaciones y bases de datos mundiales. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando estadística básica, índices de diversidad y análisis multivariado. Los resultados muestran que la riqueza de herpetofauna observada del bosque en regeneración fue mayor que la reportada en estudios previos en otros bosques secundarios, alcanzando un promedio igual a 98% ± 6.81 de los valores de bosques primarios, albergando además el 82% de las especies esperadas para el sitio. Sin embargo a pesar de contar con más de 30 años en proceso de regeneración la respuesta de la herpetofauna varío de acuerdo al tipo de perturbaciones antropogénicas históricas, encontrándose niveles bajos de herpetofauna arbórea en el bosque completamente clareado en comparación con la herpetofauna de los bosques talados selectivamente. Esto mismo se observó al realizar el estudio de las características de hábitat de las quebradas en los dos tipos de bosque en regeneración (completamente clareado y talado selectivamente) y su relación con la distribución de una nueva especie de rana (Ameerega sp.) únicamente a lo largo de las quebradas del bosque talado selectivamente. Estos resultados indican que además de proteger los bosques primarios, es importante proteger los bosques en regeneración para contribuir con la conservación de la biodiversidad

Data from: Human disturbance impacts on rainforest mammals are most notable in the canopy; especially for larger-bodied species

Aim: Community-level assessments of how biodiversity responds to disturbance within forest habitats are often biased towards terrestrial-based surveys. However, recent research suggests that arboreal communities of several indicator groups (ants, amphibians, beetles and butterflies) are more susceptible to human disturbance than their terrestrial counterparts; but what about wildlife at higher trophic levels? We assess responses to disturbance, from forest floor to canopy, of a key conservation flagship group: medium to large rainforest mammals. Location: The Manu Biosphere Reserve, southeast Peru. Methods: We deploy both arboreal and terrestrial camera traps, to directly compare the response of arboreal and terrestrial mammal communities to rainforest degradation and disturbance. Results: We show that the arboreal mammal community is more susceptible to habitat disturbance than the terrestrial community. Furthermore, the largest-bodied arboreal species, which are major seed dispersers, showed the greatest negative response to forest disturbance. The strongest predictors of occupancy probability for arboreal communities were focal tree connectivity and canopy cover, whereas surrounding forest loss and canopy height were there strongest predictors of terrestrial community occupancy; although these also had effects similar in size and magnitude on the arboreal community. Main conclusions: Conservation conclusions drawn from camera-based studies focused on the terrestrial realm likely underestimate the impact of rainforest degradation to arboreal communities and on arboreal rainforest biodiversity in general. We highlight the importance of developing arboreal research methods, capable of investigating conservation implications of anthropogenic disturbance across all vertical strata, for accurate conservation assessments and improving rainforest management and restoration strategies

Terrestrial survey effort

The number of six-day intervals acquired at each terrestrial camera station