Estudo comparativo em unidades de multideficiência em relação à inclusão, interacção no ensino regular

O presente estudo teve como objectivo, comparar Unidades de Multideficiência em relação à Inclusão/Interacção das mesmas no Ensino regular. Participaram deste estudo, três escolas do Ensino regular com unidades de Multideficiência, dos Concelhos de Belmonte; Covilhã e Fundão, assim como inúmeras famílias das crianças Multideficientes inseridas nestas unidades. Utilizaram-se inquéritos semi-estruturados com os Pais e Professores e observações no ambiente escolar. Neste sentido resolvemos optar como objectivo primordial, o compreender quais são as motivações que levam a estabelecer e a manter uma relação entre os pais das crianças com multideficiência e os professores de educação especial. Os resultados indicaram as semelhanças e as diferenças entre a família e a escola e as forças geradoras de conflitos. Apela à compreensão mútua de pais e professores no processo educativo da criança com multideficiência, para que a relação entre as mesmas se torne eficiente e positiva. Em conclusão, podemos afirmar que a problemática, entre a escola e a família de crianças com multideficiência, necessita de formação/educação de encarregados de educação e dos professores, de forma a conseguirem, uma mudança de atitudes e práticas, para que as mesmas se tornem uma relação habitual e desenvolvida a vários níveis. Em relação ao estudo das unidades de multideficiência observadas, no geral contribuem para o desenvolvimento global do indivíduo multideficiente embora se denote muitas fragilidades ao nível das barreiras arquitectónicas e de Recursos Humanos e algumas necessidades residuais.The present study aimed to compare Units of Multiple Disability in relation to their inclusion/ interaction on regular education. In this study three mainstream schools, are incluided with units of Multiple Disability in the municipalities of Belmonte; Covilhã and Fundão, as well as many families of Multi disabled children inserted in these units. In our research we used semi-structured surveys with parents and teachers as well as local observations into the school environment. In this sense we decide to choose as primary goal to understand which are the motivations that lead to establish and maintain a relation ship between the parents of the childrens with multiple disabilities and special education teachers. The results indicated similarities and differences between families school and the forces that create conflicts. We appealed for understanding between parents and teachers in the educational process of children with multiple disabilities, so that the relationship between them become efficient and positive. In conclusion, we can say that the problems between schools and families with multiple disabilities children appear because there is a lack and a need of training/ education of both: parents and teachers. In order to achieve a change in attitudes and particles, it is necessary that the relationship between school and family, because usual and developed at various levels in space and time. Regarding the study of the units of Multiple Disability themselves, we observed that in general they contribute to the overall development of the individual disabled children, though they denote most of the cases many weaknesses in terms of architectural barriers and human resources and other small problems

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data