Colonization of the Mediterranean Basin by the vector biting midge species Culicoides imicola: an old story

Understanding the demographic history and genetic make-up of colonizing species is critical for inferring population sources and colonization routes. This is of main interest for designing accurate control measures in areas newly colonized by vector species of economically important pathogens. The biting midge Culicoides imicola is a major vector of Orbiviruses to livestock. Historically, the distribution of this species was limited to the Afrotropical region. Entomological surveys first revealed the presence of C. imicola in the south of the Mediterranean basin by the 1970's. Following recurrent reports of massive bluetongue outbreaks since the 1990s, the presence of the species was confirmed in northern areas. In this study, we addressed the chronology and processes of C. imicola colonization in the Mediterranean basin. We characterized the genetic structure of its populations across Mediterranean and African regions using both mitochondrial and nuclear markers, and combined phylogeographical analyses with population genetics and approximate Bayesian computation. We found a west/east genetic differentiation between populations, occurring both within Africa and within the Mediterranean basin. We demonstrated that three of these groups had experienced demographic expansions in the Pleistocene, probably because of climate changes during this period. Finally, we showed that C. imicola could have colonized the Mediterranean basin in the late Pleistocene or early Holocene through a single event of introduction; however we cannot exclude the hypothesis involving two routes of colonization. Thus, the recent bluetongue outbreaks are not linked to C. imicola colonization event, but rather to biological changes in the vector or the virus

L’urgence de l’hygiène numérique : le monde d’après les données personnelles

International audienc

L’urgence de l’hygiène numérique : le monde d’après les données personnelles

International audienc

Le confinement a-t-il modifié la fracture numérique ?

International audienceEn exploitant les résultats des études barométriques de l’observatoire du Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique de Marsouin menées auprès des particuliers et ménages sur les trois périodes 2019, 2020 et 2022, l’objet de cette proposition est d’étudier les variations dans les intensités d’usage et dans le degré d’aisance/difficultés d’usage de six pratiques permises par internet. Nos résultats conduisent à questionner l’effet du confinement comme expérience d’usage forcé sur la fracture numérique. Nous relevons un double effet : l’un quantitatif qui est favorable à l’e-inclusion puisque plus d’individus par catégories socio-démographiques pratiquent internet ; l’autre qualitatif qui semble défavorable à l’e-inclusion puisque plus d’individus, toutes catégories sociodémographiques confondues, déclarent rencontrer plus de difficultés vis-à-vis de ces 6 usages en 2022 que cela était exprimé en 2019

Le confinement a-t-il modifié la fracture numérique ?

En exploitant les résultats des études barométriques de l’observatoire du Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique de Marsouin menées auprès des particuliers et ménages sur les trois périodes 2019, 2020 et 2022, l’objet de cette proposition est d’étudier les variations dans les intensités d’usage et dans le degré d’aisance/difficultés d’usage de six pratiques permises par internet. Nos résultats conduisent à questionner l’effet du confinement comme expérience d’usage forcé sur la fracture numérique. Nous relevons un double effet : l’un quantitatif qui est favorable à l’e-inclusion puisque plus d’individus par catégories socio-démographiques pratiquent internet ; l’autre qualitatif qui semble défavorable à l’e-inclusion puisque plus d’individus, toutes catégories sociodémographiques confondues, déclarent rencontrer plus de difficultés vis-à-vis de ces 6 usages en 2022 que cela était exprimé en 2019

Prospective Observational Study on the Association Between Serum Mannose-Binding Lectin Levels and Severe Outcome in Critically Ill Patients with Pandemic Influenza Type A (H1N1) Infection

International audienceMannose-binding lectin (MBL) plays an important role in the innate immune response. In addition to activating the complement, MBL can induce cytokine production and contribute to a deleterious inflammatory response with severe A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. Our aim was to determine if serum MBL levels correlate with the risk of mortality in intensive care units (ICU) patients with A(H1N1)pdm09 infection. Prospective observational study was performed in ICU patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. Demographic characteristics and severity indices were recorded at ICU admission. MBL was assayed from blood drawn at influenza diagnosis within 24-48 h following the ICU admission. Outcomes were compared according to MBL levels. Results are expressed as median and interquartile range. Serum MBL levels were studied in 27 patients (age: 56 [IQR 29] years) with severe A(H1N1)pdm09 infection and in 70 healthy controls. Median admission SAPSII and SOFA scores were 49 [IQR 26] and 12 [IQR 5], respectively. Mortality rate after a 30-day was 37%. MBL was significantly higher in non-survivors (3741 [IQR 2336] ng/ml) vs survivors (215 [IQR 1307] ng/ml), p = 0.006, as well as control group (1814 [IQR 2250] ng/ml), p = 0.01. In contrast, MBL levels in survivors group were significantly lower than the controls group (215 [IQR 1307] ng/ml vs. 1814 [IQR 2250] ng/ml, p = 0.005). MBL cut-off > 1870 ng/ml had a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 88.2% for mortality [AUC = 0.82 (95% CI 0.63-0.94)]. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated a strong association between MBL levels and mortality (log-rank 7.8, p = 0.005). MBL > 1870 ng/ml was independently associated with mortality (HR = 8.7, 95% CI 1.2-29.1, p = 0.007). This study shows that baseline MBL > 1870 ng/ml is associated with higher mortality in ICU patients with severe A(H1N1)pdm09 infection

Jacquet_C.imicola_Cytb_alignment

Jacquet_C.imicola_Cytb_alignmen

Jacquet_C.imicola_COI_alignment.nex

Jacquet_C.imicola_COI_alignment.ne