The Feasibility of Test Translation -- English to Navajo

The school beginner is expected to be able to follow the language of directions and explanations. Navajo children who enter school essentially monolingual in Navajo and shortly have to accomplish school learning tasks in English may face a double handicap if they have not yet labelled in Navajo the concepts needed in beginning English school work. Measurement of school related concepts in Navajo was attempted by means of a translation of the Boehm Test of Basic Concepts, a test developed from analysis of early school language requirements. It was assumed that the semantic content of such basic concepts is universal, and that vocabulary and syntax in which to express them would be available in Navajo

Discordant bodies of postcumulis, ultramafic rock in the upper critical zone of the Bushveld complex : iron-rich ultramafic pegmatite bodies at Amandelbult and the Driekop platiniferous ultramafic pipe

From the abstract: In the layered sequence of the Bushveld Complex a number of distinct, but possibly genetically related groups of transgressive, postcumulus, ultramafic and mafic rock are recognised. The main part of this thesis investigates a suite of postcumulus rocks for which the name iron-rich ultramafic pegmatite is proposed. The majority of iron-rich ultramafic pegmatite bodies examined are from the upper critical zone of the layered sequence at Rustenburg Platinum Mines Amandelbult Section, in the northern sector of the western Bushveld Complex. Field relationships imply that the iron-rich ultramafic pegmatites should be considered as an integral feature of the layered sequence, even though they transgress the cumulates. Consequently, this thesis also includes a study of the cumulate sequence at Amandelbult. A second group of postcumulus, ultramafic rocks which is investigated comprises latiniferous ultramafic pipes; the Driekop pipe has been selected as a case­ study. This thesis is presented in four sections, namely, an introduction and verview, and studies on the Driekop pipe, the cumulate sequence at mandelbult and the iron-rich ultramafic pegmatite suite. A new classification scheme of discordant bodies of postcumulus, ultramafic rock in he Bushveld Complex is proposed (see also Viljoen & Scoon, in press). In he scheme presented here, two main varieties of postcumulus, ultramafic rock re recognised, namely, non-platiniferous magnesian dunites and iron-rich ltramafic pegmatites

The data privacy matrix project: towards a global alignment of data privacy laws

Data privacy is an expected right of most citizens around the world but there are many legislative challenges within a boundary-less cloud computing and World Wide Web environment. Despite its importance, there is limited research around data privacy law gaps and alignment, and the legal side of the security ecosystem which seems to be in a constant effort to catch-up. There are already issues within recent history which show a lack of alignment causing a great deal of confusion, an example of this is the 'right to be forgotten' case which came up in 2014. This case involved a Spanish man against Google Spain. He requested the removal of a link to an article about an auction for his foreclosed home, for a debt that he had subsequently paid. However, misalignment of data privacy laws caused further complications to the case. This paper introduces the Waikato Data Privacy Matrix, our global project for alignment of data privacy laws by focusing on Asia Pacific data privacy laws and their relationships with the European Union and the USA. This will also suggest potential solutions to address some of the issues which may occur when a breach of data privacy occurs, in order to ensure an individual has their data privacy protected across the boundaries in the Web. With the increase in data processing and storage across different jurisdictions and regions (e.g. public cloud computing), the Waikato Data Privacy Matrix empowers businesses using or providing cloud services to understand the different data privacy requirements across the globe, paving the way for increased cloud adoption and usage

Severe Lupus Enteritis Complicated by Intractable Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

Lupus enteritis (LE) is a rare presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus manifesting with nonspecific symptoms, laboratory derangements, and imaging findings. Rarely, LE may progress to bowel perforation, hemorrhage, and even death. Treatment with systemic glucocorticoids often results in rapid clinical improvement, but patients may require further immunosuppression. We present a case of severe LE complicated by life-threatening intractable gastrointestinal hemorrhage and warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia refractory to glucocorticoids and ultimately requiring massive transfusions, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasmapheresis. This case illustrates the importance of early specialist involvement and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis for severe, life-threatening LE

The variability of the sediment plume and ocean circulation features of the Nass River Estuary, British Columbia

The Nass River discharges into Nass Bay and Iceberg Bay, which are adjoining tidal inlets located within the northern inland waters of British Columbia, Canada. After the Skeena River, the Nass River is the second longest river within northern British Columbia, which discharges directly into Canadian waters of the Pacific Ocean. It is also supports one of the most productive salmon fisheries in northern British Columbia. The Nass River discharges into the eastern end of Nass Bay. Nass Bay, in turn feeds into Portland Canal and the fresh surface waters then flows westward to the Pacific Ocean via Dixon Entrance. The tides in Northern British Columbia are very large with a tidal height range of just over 7 m. Nass Bay is a shallow inlet of less than 10 km in length with typical water depths of than 10 m or less. The existing knowledge of oceanographic processes in Nass and Iceberg Bays was rudimentary until three years ago, when the first modern oceanographic measurements were obtained. In this study, the seasonal and tidal variability of the lateral extent of the Nass River surface plume is mapped from analyses of Landsat satellite data spanning the period from 2008 to 2015. A high resolution coupled three dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model was developed and implemented, within the widely used and accepted Delft3D modeling framework, which was forced and validated using recent 2013-2016 in-situ oceanographic measurements. The combined satellite and numerical modeling methods are used to study the physical oceanographic and sediment transport regime of Nass and Iceberg Bays and the adjoining waters of Portland Inlet and Observatory Inlet. The ocean circulation of Nass and Iceberg Bays was found to be dominated by tidal currents, and by the highly seasonal and variable Nass River freshwater discharges. Complex lateral spatial patterns in the tidal currents occur due to the opening of the southwestern side of Nass Bay onto the deeper adjoining waters of Iceberg Bay. Surface winds are limited to a secondary role in the circulation variability. The sediment dynamics of the Nass Bay system features a very prominent surface sediment plume present from the time of freshet in mid-spring through to large rainfall runoff events in the fall. The time-varying turbidity distribution and transport paths of the Nass River sediment discharges in the study area were characterized using the model results combined with an analysis of several high-resolution multi-year Landsat satellite data sets

Some geochemical constraints upon models for the crystallization of the upper critical zone-main zone interval, northwestern Bushveld complex

Ratios between elements Mg, Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, V, and Sc are consistently different in mafic rocks of the upper critical zone, and those above the Bastard unit. Within the 300 m section above the Merensky Reef, 87Sr/86Sr ratios increase from c.0.7063 to c.0.7087, irrespective of rock type. Decoupling of Mg/(Mg + Fe2+) ratios and the Ca contents of plagioclase, and wide variations in the proportions of anorthosite within the Bastard, Merensky, and Merensky Footwall units, are inconsistent with anorthosite formation by simple fractional crystallization of magma batches of limited volume

Short-term heat acclimation is effective and may be enhanced rather than impaired by dehydration

Most heat acclimation data are from regimes longer than 1 week, and acclimation advice is to prevent dehydration. Objectives: We hypothesized that (i) short-term (5-day) heat acclimation would substantially improve physiological strain and exercise tolerance under heat stress, and (ii) dehydration would provide a thermally independent stimulus for adaptation. Methods: Nine aerobically fit males heat acclimated using controlled-hyperthermia (rectal temperature 38.5°C) for 90 min on 5 days; once euhydrated (EUH) and once dehydrated (DEH) during acclimation bouts. Exercising heat stress tests (HSTs) were completed before and after acclimations (90-min cycling in T a 35°C, 60% RH). Results: During acclimation bouts, [aldosterone] plasma rose more across DEH than EUH (95%CI for difference between regimes: 40-411 pg ml -1 ; P=0.03; n=5) and was positively related to plasma volume expansion (r=0.65; P=0.05), which tended to be larger in DEH (CI: -1 to 10%; P=0.06; n=9). In HSTs, resting forearm perfusion increased more in DEH (by 5.9 ml 100 tissue ml -1 min -1 : -11.5 to -1.0; P=0.04) and end-exercise cardiac frequency fell to a greater extent (by 11 b min -1 : -1 to 22; P=0.05). Hydration-related effects on other endocrine, cardiovascular, and psychophysical responses to HSTs were unclear. Rectal temperature was unchanged at rest but was 0.3°C lower at end exercise (P < 0.01; interaction: P=0.52). Conclusions: Short-term (5-day) heat acclimation induced effective adaptations, some of which were more pronounced after fluid-regulatory strain from permissive dehydration, and not attributable to dehydration effects on body temperature. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:311-320, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Post-exercise hot water immersion induces heat acclimation and improves endurance exercise performance in the heat

We examined whether daily hot water immersion (HWI) after exercise in temperate conditions induces heat acclimation and improves endurance performance in temperate and hot conditions. Seventeen non-heat-acclimatized males performed a 6-day intervention involving a daily treadmill run for 40 min at 65% VO2max in temperate conditions (18 degrees C) followed immediately by either HWI (N = 10; 40 degrees C) or thermoneutral (CON, N = 7; 34 degrees C) immersion for 40 min. Before and after the 6-day intervention, participants performed a treadmill run for 40 min at 65% VO2max followed by a 5-km treadmill time trial (TT) in temperate (18 degrees C, 40% humidity) and hot (33 degrees C, 40% humidity) conditions. HWI induced heat acclimation demonstrated by lower resting rectal temperature (Tre , mean, -0.27 degrees C, P < 0.01), and final Tre during submaximal exercise in 18 degrees C (-0.28 degrees C, P < 0.01) and 33 degrees C (-0.36 degrees C, P < 0.01). Skin temperature, Tre at sweating onset and RPE were lower during submaximal exercise in 18 degrees C and 33 degrees C after 6 days in HWI (P < 0.05). Physiological strain and thermal sensation were also lower during submaximal exercise in 33 degrees C after 6 days in HWI (P < 0.05). HWI improved TT performance in 33 degrees C (4.9%, P < 0.01) but not in 18 degrees C. Thermoregulatory measures and performance did not change in CON. Hot water immersion after exercise on 6 days presents a simple, practical, and effective heat acclimation strategy to improve endurance performance in the heat

Effect of short‐term heat acclimation with permissive dehydration on thermoregulation and temperate exercise performance

We examined the effect of short-term heat acclimation with permissive dehydration (STHADe) on heat acclimation (HA) and cycling performance in a temperate environment. Ten trained male cyclists (Mean(SD) maximal oxygen uptake: 63.3(4.0)mL·kg-1·min-1; peak power output [PPO]: 385(40)W; training: 10(3)hours·week-1) underwent a STHADe programme consisting of five-days of exercise (maximum 90mins·day-1) in a hot environment (40°C, 50%RH) to elicit isothermic heat strain (rectal temperature 38.64(0.27)°C). Participants abstained from fluids during, and 30-minutes after, HA sessions. Pre- and post-STHADe HA was evaluated during euhydrated fixed-intensity exercise (60mins) in hot conditions; the effect of STHADe on thermoregulation was also examined under temperate conditions (20mins fixed-intensity exercise; 22°C, 60%RH). Temperate cycling performance was assessed by a graded exercise test (GXT) and 20-km time trial (TT). STHADe reduced thermal and cardiovascular strain in hot and temperate environments. Lactate threshold (Δ=16(17)W) and GXT PPO (Δ=6(7)W) were improved following STHADe (P0.05), although there was a trend for a higher mean power (P=0.06). In conclusion, STHADE can reduce thermal and cardiovascular strain under hot and temperate conditions and there is some evidence of ergogenic potential for temperate exercise, but longer HA regimens may be necessary for this to meaningfully influence performance