Toward an Organizationally Diverse American Capitalism? Cooperative, Mutual, and Local, State-Owned Enterprise

Discussions of economic reform focus on two strategies for tempering corporate excess and mobilizing corporations for growth and prosperity: restructuring markets via competition policies and various forms of countervailing power. Populists, Progressives, and New Dealers looked to antitrust, regulatory states, and unions as counterweights to corporations. Contemporary efforts look to not-for-profit watchdogs, NGO certification and standard setting, privatization, and corporate governance reform to upgrade markets and deflect corporations from low road paths. This essay recovers a third strategy for regulating and reforming corporate capitalism: promoting organizational diversity via the formation of parallel systems of cooperative, mutual and local, state-owned enterprises. During the “era of corporate consolidation,” producer and consumer groups in the US formed tens of thousands of such enterprises in just in agriculture, but also in banking, insurance, and technologically advanced industries like electricity and telephones. These efforts produced enduring systems of cooperatives and kindred enterprise in the American economy, creating alternatives to corporations and organizational legacies for present day problem solving. They provided regulators and policy makers with new options and capacities for state intervention. And they demonstrated possibilities for using mixed organizational systems to discipline firms, create and upgrade markets, foster competition, and otherwise solve vexing problems of economic development

A influência da estrutura da paisagem, conectividade da paisagem e da qualidade do fragmento florestal sobre as propriedades das redes de aves frugívoras em ambiente urbano

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Isabela Galarda VarassinCoorientador : Prof. Dr. Danilo BoscoloDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação. Defesa: Curitiba, 22/02/2017Inclui referências : f. 43-47Resumo: A urbanização é uma das formas mais drásticas de alteração da paisagem. Atividades antrópicas como a urbanização e a expansão agrícola são as principais causas da perda de florestas e fragmentação de paisagens com efeitos diretos na biodiversidade. Mudanças nas características da paisagem podem levar ao isolamento de populações, afetando as complexas interações entre as espécies e os processos emergentes, como a polinização e a dispersão de sementes, o que pode resultar em extinções secundárias. O efeito da estrutura da paisagem, conectividade funcional e da qualidade de fragmentos florestais pode variar em diferentes escalas espaciais. Pouco se sabe sobre a direção dos efeitos que a estrutura da paisagem urbana exerce sobre as interações entre as espécies. Vários estudos reconhecem o efeito negativo da urbanização sobre a riqueza de aves e plantas. Esse é o primeiro estudo a investigar a relação entre a estrutura da paisagem urbana, da conectividade e da qualidade do fragmento florestal sobre as redes de interações entre aves frugívoras e plantas em diferentes escalas espaciais. Sete paisagens, que variam em proporção de floresta, proporção de urbanização, qualidade da paisagem, número de fragmentos florestais, isolamento, conectividade e qualidade do fragmento florestal foram selecionados para investigar o efeito dessas características da paisagem sobre as propriedades de redes de interações. Para cada paisagem, criamos áreas de influência com diferentes raios (500m, 1,000m e 2,000m) para verificar em qual escala ocorre maior variação na riqueza de espécies de plantas e aves e nas propriedades das redes. Para avaliar quais características da paisagem melhor explicam a variação na riqueza de espécies de plantas e aves e, sobre as propriedades das redes, foi realizada uma seleção de modelos, seguindo o critério de Akaike de segunda ordem. Nossos resultados indicaram que a estrutura da paisagem foi responsável por explicar a variação na riqueza de aves. Por outro lado, as propriedades das redes não foram afetadas por nenhuma estrutura da paisagem. No entanto, a qualidade do fragmento florestal demonstrou forte influência na propriedade da rede aninhamento ponderado. Palavras chave: aves, fragmentação, paisagem, plantas, perda de floresta, redes mutualísticas, urbanização.Abstract: Urbanization is one of the most invasive forms of landscapes changes. Anthropic activities are the main causes of fragmentation and loss of habitat with direct effects on biodiversity. Changes in landscapes characteristics can lead to population isolation, affecting complex interactions between species and emerging processes, such as pollination and seed dispersal, which may result in secondary extinctions. The effect of landscapes characteristics can vary on different spatial scales. Little is known about the effects of landscapes structure, functional connectivity and patch forest quality have on interaction networks. Several studies have reported the negative effects of urbanization on the richness of birds and plants. This is the first study to investigate the relationship between the attributes of the urban landscapes on the frugivorous bird's networks at different spatial scales. Seven landscapes, that vary in forest cover, number of patches, isolation and proportion of urbanization were selected to investigate the effect of landscape on the properties of networks. Different spatial scales were used to verify on which scale occur a larger variation in the properties of the networks. To evaluate which landscapes characteristics best explain the variation in the properties of the networks, model selection approach was made, following the Second Order Akaike Information Criterion. Our results indicate that landscapes structure is responsible for a variation in the richness of birds. On the other hand, networks properties were not affected by any landscape structure. However, the quality of forest fragment showed strong influence on the weighted nestedness. Key words: birds, forest loss, landscape, mutualistic network, plants, urbanization

Measuring movement fluency during the sit-to-walk task

Restoring movement fluency is a key focus for physical rehabilitation; it's measurement, however, lacks objectivity. The purpose of this study was to find whether measurable movement fluency variables differed between groups of adults with different movement abilities whilst performing the sit-to-walk (STW) movement. The movement fluency variables were: (1) hesitation during movement (reduction in forward velocity of the centre of mass; CoM), (2) coordination (percentage of temporal overlap of joint rotations) and (3) smoothness (number of inflections in the CoM jerk signal)

Look what’s back! Institutional complexity, reversibility and the knotting of logics

Through a comparative historical study of community pharmacy in the UK, Italy, Sweden and the USA, the authors examine what happens to institutional arrangements designed to resolve ongoing conflicts between institutional logics over extended periods of time. It is found that institutional arrangements can reflect the heterogeneity of multiple logics without resulting in hybridization or dominance. Because logics remain active, similar conflicts can reappear multiple times. It is found that the durability of the configurations of competing logics reflects the characteristics of the polities in which fields are embedded. The dominance of any societal institutional order leads to more stable field-level arrangements. The authors suggest that the metaphor of institutional knots and the related image of institutional knotting are useful to capture aspects of this dynamic and to foreground the discursive and material work that allows multiple logics to coexist in local arrangements with variable durability

Teleconsulta e telemonitoramento em fisioterapia durante a pandemia de COVID-19: relato de experiência em um ambulatório docente assistencial

INTRODUÇÃO: Devido ao contexto pandêmico foi necessário reinventar nossa prática profissional e inserir as modalidades de teleconsulta, teleconsultoria e telemonitoramento ao atendimento fisioterapêutico. Comunicação estabelecida por aplicativo de mensagem, com o envio de vídeos ou cartilhas de exercícios, e atividades síncronas com as orientações de exercícios no ambiente domiciliar, assegurando proteger a comunidade da propagação do vírus, facilitando o distanciamento físico e social preconizado no momento. OBJETIVO: Relatar a experiência da teleconsulta e telemonitoramento do ponto de vista de fisioterapeutas docentes de estágio supervisionado em um ambulatório docente assistencial. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um relato de experiência docente-assistencial, interdisciplinar, a qual ocorreu no período de agosto a dezembro de 2020, instituídas no componente curricular Estágio Supervisionado Ambulatorial e Estágio em Gestão, do curso de Fisioterapia da Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), em Salvador, Bahia. Realizou-se a teleconsulta e telemonitoramento através do número de telefone celular cadastrado no aplicativo ®WhatsApp LLC, com atendimento online e duração de 50 minutos. RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA: O corpo docente foi instigado a motivar a turma a enfrentar novos desafios, como: dispensar a aplicação da técnica fisioterapêutica com suas mãos em prol da promoção da educação em saúde e priorizar o desenvolvimento do autocuidado no paciente a partir das orientações à distância. Apesar das frustrações geradas pelas mudanças da modalidade de atendimento, os discentes passaram a vislumbrar a abertura de espaço interno para novas experiências como estímulos positivos enfrentado durante o estágio. Dessa forma, observou-se que mesmo com os desafios foi possível estabelecer e entender que algumas práticas vieram para ficar nos casos em que melhor se aplicam

Analysis of finger motion coordination during packaging interactions

Packaging accessibility is a significant problem for many older people. Whilst the majority of studies have focused on issues surrounding strength, work has shown that dexterity required to open a pack is also a major issue for many older people. Hence, the work undertaken here, reports a quantitative study that aimed to analyse motion coordination patterns across digits 2–5 (index to little finger) during interactions with three of the most common types of packaging: plastic bottles, jars, and crisps packets, and comparing those interactions to a common measure of dexterity, the Perdue Pegboard. Ten subjects (6 males and 4 females) were examined while reaching forward to grasp and open a 300ml plastic bottle and a 500g jar. A ten-camera opto-electronic motion capture system measured trajectories of 25 miniature reflective markers placed on the dorsal surface landmarks of the hand. Joint angular profiles for 12 involved flexion–extension movements were derived from the measured coordinates of surface markers. The results showed that finger correlations vary widely across the differing pack formats with the crisps having the lowest finger movement correlation and the jar having the highest. Speed and jerk metrics were also seen to vary across the various pack formats. However, finger correlations were seen to be more relevant to perceived dexterity of pack opening than finger speeds and jerk motions

Churches as firms : an exploration of regulatory similarities

Regulatory states manage religious activity within their jurisdiction in the same way they manage economic activity, in an alignment pattern that reflects institutionally embedded processes. Relying on regulatory institutional options to trace consistencies in the way a regime manages economic and religious activity, the article develops and tests theoretical accounts of the presence and content - in terms of comparative variation - of this alignment. The empirical setting, primarily OECD countries in recent decades, allows us to reverse the conventional causal view and treat religious regulation as causally embedded in the logic and practice of economic regulation. If reliance on regulation as a means of social control is bound by the same processes across domains, this may even suggest the existence of national cross-sectoral models of coordinating competition. The study elaborates a broad conceptualisation of regulatory governance with potentially wide applicability