Lacunas e possibilidades da aprendizagem histórica na Educação Infantil

Anais do XVII Congresso Internacional das Jornadas de Educaão História - teoria, pesquisa e prática - I Encontro da AIPEDH - Associação Iber-Americana de Pesquisadores em Educação História, realizado pela Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, entre 02, 03 e 04 de agosto de 2017.O reconhecimento das crianças pequenas como cidadãs e a garantia de seu direito a educação são conquistas recentes 3 e estão relacionadas a trajetória de lutas e reivindicações dos movimentos sociais e também dos/as profissionais da educação. A produção acadêmica e os direitos conquistados no decorrer das últimas três décadas apontam a concepção de “criança”, não mais delimitada a um devir, mas concebida como sujeito histórico e de direitos, que constrói sentidos sobre a natureza e a sociedade, não apenas reproduzindo elementos da cultura em que está inserida, mas também interferindo nela, produzindo culturabolsa CAPE

Determination of oxidative stress parameters in fluoxetine users

Fluoxetine (FLU), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is the first line in depression treatment and it is involved in oxidative stress (OE). Thus, this study aimed to analyze the OE parameters in patients diagnosed with depression and treated with FLU. Were evaluated 121 volunteers divided into two groups: 58 fluoxetine users (with major depression) and 63 non-fluoxetine users (control group, without major depression). The OE was evaluated by determining the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant power (FRAP) and activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). MDA, FRAP, GPx and SOD were dosed in plasma. The influence of age, smoking, alcoholism, comorbidities, use of another drugs and antioxidants in the OE were evaluated. The results were compared between the groups. In relation to the fluoxetine daily dose, MDA presented higher levels in patients using 20 mg daily FLU when compared to the control group, as well as the activity of the GPx enzyme and the FRAP levels. In this way, the use of fluoxetine may interfere with the OE parameters, causing an increase in OE levels

Associação entre o estresse oxidativo e estado inflamatório com variáveis extrapulmonares em tabagistas

Objective: To evaluate oxidative stress and inflammatory status of smokers and nonsmokers and analyze the association with extrapulmonary variables. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study where the sample was composed of 10 smokers and 10 nonsmokers. After spirometry, they were subjected to analysis of blood count, C-reactive protein us and TBARS and evaluation of respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity and quality of life. The homogeneity of variances was tested by Levene test, the differences between the groups were analyzed by Student t test or Mann-Whitney U test. Associations between variables were assessed by Pearson or Spearman correlation test. Results: GT introduced tobacco intake of 29,49±33,66 years/pack and daily cigarette consumption of 13,5±8,5. Difference was found between FEV1 post in groups 2,30±0,59 and 2,86±0,50 (p=0,033), FEV1/FVC post 75,07±12,62 X 85,90±4,98 (p=0,027) and leukocytes 9750±2269 X 7320±1692 (p=0,028), respectively GT and GC. There was an association between PCR-us and smoking history (p=0,007; r=0,806) and between TBARS and PEmáx (p=0,006; r=0,818), both in GT. Conclusion: Only spirometry and leukocytosis levels were evident in the differences between groups. In the GT was no association between PCR-us and smoking history and between PEmáx and TBARS. There were no associations of other variables with the levels of TBARS and PCR-us.Objetivo: Avaliar o estresse oxidativo e estado inflamatório de tabagistas e não tabagistas e analisar a associação com variáveis extrapulmonares. Métodos: Estudo transversal e descritivo, onde a amostra foi composta por 10 tabagistas (GT) e 10 não tabagistas. Após a espirometria, foram submetidos à análise do Hemograma, da Proteína C-Reativa us e TBARS e avaliação da força muscular respiratória, capacidade funcional e da qualidade de vida. A homogeneidade das variáveis foi testada pelo teste Levene, as diferenças entre os grupos foram analisadas pelo teste t de Student ou teste U de Mann-Whitney. Associações entre as variáveis foram avaliadas pelo teste de correlação de Pearson ou Spearman. Resultados: GT apresentou carga tabágica de 29,49±33,66 anos/maço e consumo diário de cigarros de 13,5±8,5. Foi encontrada diferença entre os grupos no nível de leucócitos 9750±2269 X 7320±1692 (p=0,028) entre os grupos. Houve associação entre PCR-us e carga tabágica (r= 0,806; p=0,007) e entre TBARS e PEmáx (r= 0,818; p= 0,006). Conclusão: houve presença de leucocitose no GT, bem como associação entre PCR-us e carga tabágica e entre PEmáx e TBARS. Não foram encontradas associações das demais variáveis com os níveis de TBARS e PCR-us

Complement Receptor 1 (CR1, CD35) Polymorphisms and Soluble CR1: A Proposed Anti-inflammatory Role to Quench the Fire of "Fogo Selvagem" Pemphigus Foliaceus

Pemphigus foliaceus is an autoimmune disease that is sporadic around the world but endemic in Brazil, where it is known as fogo selvagem (FS). Characterized by autoantibodies against the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 1, FS causes painful erosions, and crusts that may be widespread. The recognition of antigens, including exposed sugar moieties, activates the complement system. Complement receptor 1 (CR1, CD35), which is responsible for the Knops blood group on erythrocytes (York and McCoy antigens), is also expressed by antigen-presenting cells. This regulates the complement system by removing opsonized antigens, blocking the final steps of the complement cascade. Membrane-bound CR1 also fosters antigen presentation to B cells, whereas soluble CR1 has anti-inflammatory properties. CR1 gene polymorphisms have been associated with susceptibility to complex diseases. In order to investigate the association of CR1 polymorphisms with FS susceptibility, we developed a multiplex sequence-specific assay to haplotype eleven polymorphisms in up to 367 FS patients and 242 controls from an endemic area and 289 from a non-endemic area. We also measured soluble CR1 (sCR1) in the serum of 53 FS patients and 27 controls and mRNA levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 63 genotyped controls. The haplotypes CR1 * 3B2B (with the York antigen-encoded by p.1408Met) and CR1 * 3A2A (with p.1208Arg) were associated with protection against FS (OR = 0.57, P = 0.027, and OR = 0.46, P = 0.014, respectively). In contrast, the CR1 * 1 haplotype (with the McCoy antigen - encoded by p.1590Glu) was associated with FS susceptibility (OR = 4.97, P < 0.001). Heterozygote rs12034383 * A/G individuals presented higher mRNA expression than homozygotes with the G allele (P = 0.04). The lowest sCR1 levels occurred in patients with active disease before treatment (P = 0.036). Patients in remission had higher levels of sCR1 than did healthy controls (P = 0.013). Among those under treatment, patients with localized lesions also presented higher sCR1 levels than those with generalized lesions (P = 0.0073). In conclusion, the Knops blood group seems to modulate susceptibility to the disease. Furthermore, corticosteroid treatment might increase sCR1 serum levels, and higher levels may play an anti-inflammatory role in patients with FS, limiting the distribution of lesions. Based on these results, we suggest CR1 as a potential new therapeutic target for the treatment of FS

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost