Evolution of Lamayuru palaeolake in the Trans Himalaya: Palaeoecological implications

Vor etwa 35 000-40 000 Jahren schuf eine Episode neotektonischer Aktivität an der Indus-Sutur bei Lamayuru (Ladakh) einen See, von dem eine über 105 m mächtige Abfolge fluviolakustriner Ablagerungen erhalten ist. Die zwischen Ton/Silt/Sand eingelagerten lakustrinen Horizonte (Kalkschlämme) und karbonatreichen Schichten haben Süßwasser-Ostrakoden, Gastropoden und Charophyten geliefert. Insgesamt wurden 9 Fossilhorizonte angetroffen. Die hauptsächlichen Ostrakodentaxa sind llyocypris (l. gibba und I. bradyi), Eucypris und Candona. Bei den Gastropoden dominieren Lymnaea, Succinea und Gyraulus. Die Charophyten werden durch Chara globularis vertreten. Die paläoökologische Interpretation basiert auf den charakteristischen Faunen- und Florenelementen und auf der Natur der Sedimente. Es wird vermutet, daß der See während seiner ganzen Existenz ziemlich flach war und kaltes, extrem salzarmes, langsam fließendes, pflanzenreiches Wasser führte. Als ein offenes Becken mag er einen kontinuierlichen Abfluß während seiner ganzen Existenz gehabt haben. Die Entleerung des Sees wurde verursacht durch eine strukturelle Zerrüttung des Seebodens und die Ausfüllung durch riesige, durch einen weiteren Impuls tektonischer Aktivität ausgelöste Schuttmassen.researc

Alter und Heimat der Backsteinkalkgeschiebe

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Raman spectroscopy monitoring of the cellular activities of a tissue-engineered ex vivo produced oral mucosal equivalent

To ensure quality control and assurance in tissue engineering, noninvasive, real-time and aseptic evaluation of cell-based devices is required before product release. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was applied to monitor the cellular activities of an oral mucosa equivalent (EVPOME) produced ex vivo from cultured autogenous oral keratinocytes and acellular dermis—AlloDerm. Raman spectra showed a positive correlation of the peak area ratio of amide I (1655 cm −1 )/phenylalanine (1004 cm −1 ) with a negative linear regression ( R 2 > 0.95) according to the number of cultured days, especially on the 14thand 21st day. This work demonstrates the successful application of Raman spectroscopy for quantitatively monitoring and evaluating the maturity of EVPOME. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/83170/1/2688_ftp.pd

Thioredoxin Reductase Activity in Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome: A Method for Identification of Putative Heterozygotes

Recent studies indicate that membrane-associated thioredoxin reductase (TR) is a possible regulator of melanin biosynthesis via the inhibition of tyrosinase by reduced thioredoxin. In normal individuals, the levels of TR activity in skin correlate linearly to the Fitzpatrick classification of skin type, being lowest in type I skin and highest in skin type VI. In this study, TR was measured in 3-mm skin biopsies in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) patients and their relatives. Forty-five individuals from seven Puerto Rican kindreds were tested, including 12 homozygotes, nine obligate heterozygotes, and 24 unclassified individuals. In addition, seven separate nonkindred HPS patients were tested. With one exception, TR activity was markedly decreased in 18 homozygotes. TR activity was decreased in eight obligate heterozygotes and in 12 unclassified kindred members, whereas 10 subjects had normal TR activity when compared to the expected activity of their skin type. Four individuals were excluded from the analysis because of inadequate controls for their age group or immunosupressive treatment for kidney transplant. The results indicate that decreased TR activity assayed in 3-mm skin punch biopsies is a useful method for detecting carriers of the HPS gene

In vitro induction of melanin synthesis and extrusion by tamoxifen

Physical appearance has significant importance psychologically and socially, with skin and hair being of prime relevance. Effective ingredients that modulate melanin synthesis are of growing interest. Tamoxifen, a widely used selective oestrogen receptor modulator, SERM, was described occasionally in medical case reports as causing grey hair repigmentation. This work aimed to study, in vitro, the effect of tamoxifen and 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen, one of its most bioactive derivatives, on melanin production in human melanocytes.Teresa Matam a holds a grant from FCT–Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BPD/47555/2008). This work was supported by FEDER through POFC–COMPETE and by national funds from FCT through the project PEst-C/BIA/UI4050/2011

Risk of skin cancer in people with vitiligo: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Vitiligo is a chronic disorder causing skin depigmentation with around 1% global prevalence, affecting people of all ages, skin types and genders.1 Due to the absence of melanin in lesional skin there is a theoretical concern that there might be a higher risk of skin cancer in people with vitiligo. However, some studies have shown that the genetic and autoimmune profiles of vitiligo patients may confer a degree of protection against the development of melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC).2 Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to quantify the risk of skin cancer (melanoma and NMSC) in people with vitiligo compared to those without vitiligo

In vivo confocal Raman microspectroscopy of the skin: Noninvasive determination of molecular concentration profiles

Confocal Raman spectroscopy is introduced as a noninvasive in vivo optical method to measure molecular concentration profiles in the skin. It is shown how it can be applied to determine the water concentration in the stratum corneum as a function of distance to the skin surface, with a depth resolution of 5 mum. The resulting in vivo concentration profiles are in qualitative and quantitative agreement with published data, obtained by in vitro X-ray microanalysis of skin samples. Semi-quantitative concentration profiles were determined for the major constituents of natural moisturizing factor (serine, glycine, pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid, arginine, ornithine, citrulline, alanine, histidine, urocanic acid) and for the sweat constituents lactate and urea. A detailed description is given of the signal analysis methodology that enables the extraction of this information from the skin Raman spectra. No other noninvasive in vivo method exists that enables an analysis of skin molecular composition as a function of distance to the skin surface with similar detail and spatial resolution. Therefore, it may be expected that in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy will find many applications in basic and applied dermatologic research

Stress-Mediated Increases in Systemic and Local Epinephrine Impair Skin Wound Healing: Potential New Indication for Beta Blockers

Rivkah Isseroff and colleagues describe how stress-induced elevation of epinephrine levels can impair the healing of burns in mice and suggest that β2 adrenergic receptor antagonists may have a role in improving skin wound repair