68 research outputs found
Skin care to newborns admitted in neonatal intensive care unit: integrative review
Objective: to describe the nature and development in nursing scientific production on the theme âskin care to
the newbornsâ (NB). Method: a literature search with descriptive, exploratory and qualitative approach was
carried out in the LILACS, PUBMED and BDENF databases. Eleven articles were selected. Results: after reading
the studies, the analysis was performed with six national publications and five international publications. Seven
studies had qualitative approach and four studies, quantitative approach. This study allowed to know the care
provided and ways of monitoring the evaluation of the skin of newborns. Conclusion: few studies on care of
newborn skin were found. The development of studies aiming to contribute to the preparation and review of
protocols to provide care to prevent diseases in newborns is recommended
Cuidados com a pele do recém-nascido internado em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal: revisão integrativa Skin care to newborns admitted in neonatal intensive care unit: integrative review
Objetivo: Descrever a natureza e tendĂȘncia na produção cientĂfica de enfermagem sobre a temĂĄtica de cuidados com a pele do recĂ©m-nascido (RN). MĂ©todo: Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliogrĂĄfica, do tipo exploratĂłrio descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. Nas bases de dados Lilacs, Bdenf e Pubmed, com seleção de 11 artigos. Resultados: Mediante a leitura dos estudos, foram analisadas seis publicaçÔes nacionais e cinco publicaçÔes internacionais. Sendo sete estudos de abordagem qualitativa e quatro estudos de abordagem quantitativa. Este estudo possibilitou conhecer cuidados e formas de acompanhamento na avaliação da pele do neonato. ConclusĂŁo: evidenciaram-se poucos estudos sobre a temĂĄtica de cuidados com a pele do recĂ©m-nascido, sendo necessĂĄrios estudos que colaborem para a elaboração e revisĂŁo de protocolos de assistĂȘncia direcionados a prevenção de agravos ao recĂ©m-nascido
Cuidados com a pele do recém-nascido internado em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal: revisão integrativa Skin care to newborns admitted in neonatal intensive care unit: integrative review
Objetivo: Descrever a natureza e tendĂȘncia na produção cientĂfica de enfermagem sobre a temĂĄtica de cuidados com a pele do recĂ©m-nascido (RN). MĂ©todo: Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliogrĂĄfica, do tipo exploratĂłrio descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. Nas bases de dados Lilacs, Bdenf e Pubmed, com seleção de 11 artigos. Resultados: Mediante a leitura dos estudos, foram analisadas seis publicaçÔes nacionais e cinco publicaçÔes internacionais. Sendo sete estudos de abordagem qualitativa e quatro estudos de abordagem quantitativa. Este estudo possibilitou conhecer cuidados e formas de acompanhamento na avaliação da pele do neonato. ConclusĂŁo: evidenciaram-se poucos estudos sobre a temĂĄtica de cuidados com a pele do recĂ©m-nascido, sendo necessĂĄrios estudos que colaborem para a elaboração e revisĂŁo de protocolos de assistĂȘncia direcionados a prevenção de agravos ao recĂ©m-nascido
PercepçÔes de pais de recém-nascidos prematuros em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal
Aim: to understand the perception of parents during paternity/maternity of a premature newborn. Method: A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study conducted through semi-structured interviews with parents of preterm infants in intensive care between November and December 2012. The data were submitted to thematic content analysis. Results: The age of the parents ranged from 14 to 35 years; most mothers attended antenatal care and 90,0% of the births were cesarean. After the analysis, the following categories emerged: The powerlessness before the hospitalization of their child; the hope of parents in relation to hospital discharge; and the insecurity of the mother regarding breastfeeding. Parents experienced sadness, anguish, anxiety, fear and inability; mothers recognize the importance of lactation, despite the feeling of inability to breastfeed. Final Considerations: It is necessary to include the parents in the care for the newborn, providing them with security and strengthening the development of the emotional bondObjetivo: comprender la percepciĂłn de los padres ante el ejercicio de la paternidad/maternidad de un reciĂ©n nacido prematuro. MĂ©todo: Estudio cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo a travĂ©s de entrevistas semi-estructuradas con padres de reciĂ©n nacidos prematuros en cuidados intensivos, entre noviembre y diciembre de 2012. Los datos fueron sometidos a anĂĄlisis de contenido temĂĄtico. Resultados: La edad de los padres estuvo entre 14 a 35 años, y el 90,0% de los partos fueron cesĂĄrea. Las categorĂas fueron: La impotencia frente a la hospitalizaciĂłn de su hijo; la esperanza de los padres en relaciĂłn al alta hospitalaria; y la inseguridad de la madre hacia la lactancia materna. Los padres experimentan tristeza, el dolor, la ansiedad, el miedo y la incapacidad. Consideraciones finales: Es necesario incluir a los padres en el cuidado de su reciĂ©n nacido, dĂĄndoles seguridad y fortaleciendo el desarrollo del vĂnculo afectivo.Doi: 10.5902/2179769212900Objetivo: objetivou-se conhecer a percepção dos pais frente ao exercĂcio da paternidade/maternidade de um recĂ©m-nascido prematuro. MĂ©todo: estudo qualitativo, exploratĂłrio e descritivo desenvolvido por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada com pais de recĂ©m-nascidos prematuros em terapia intensiva entre novembro a dezembro de 2012. Os dados foram submetidos Ă anĂĄlise temĂĄtica de conteĂșdo. Resultados: a faixa etĂĄria dos pais ficou entre 14 a 35 anos, sendo que a maioria das mĂŁes realizou o prĂ©-natal e 90,0% dos partos foram cesĂĄreos. Da anĂĄlise emergiram as seguintes categorias: A impotĂȘncia frente Ă hospitalização do filho; a esperança dos pais em relação Ă alta hospitalar; e a insegurança da mĂŁe frente Ă amamentação. Os pais vivenciam tristeza, angĂșstia, ansiedade, medo e incapacidade; as mĂŁes reconhecem a importĂąncia da lactação, porĂ©m sentem-se incapazes de amamentar. ConsideraçÔes Finais: Ă© necessĂĄrio incluir os pais nos cuidados com o recĂ©m-nascido, transmitindo-lhes segurança e fortalecendo o desenvolvimento do vĂnculo afetivo
Desafios e possibilidades para a manutenção do programa de educação pelo trabalho para a saĂșde (PET-SaĂșde Interprofissionalidade) durante a pandemia
Introdução: A pandemia causada pelo SARS-CoV-2 colocou o mundo em isolamento social e instiga incertezas, tanto em relação Ă s consequĂȘncias da disseminação do vĂrus como a forma como nos relacionamos. O Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a SaĂșde (PETâSaĂșde Interprofissionalidade - 2019/2021) tem, dentre suas finalidades, formar profissionais mais aptos para o trabalho colaborativo em saĂșde1. Objetivos: Relatar a experiĂȘncia vivenciada e refletir sobre os desafios e as possibilidades para a manutenção do Programa durante a pandemia do novo CoronavĂrus Metodologia: Estudo do tipo relato de experiĂȘncia, de abordagem qualitativa descritiva, baseado nas percepçÔes dos integrantes do Programa sobre o impacto da pandemia e como isso se reflete do contexto do programa. Resultados: Com a adoção das medidas de isolamento social impostas em função da pandemia, as atividades do Programa que eram presenciais e em equipe, como a participação nos grupos terapĂȘuticos e o projeto de pesquisa com os profissionais em forma de grupo focal, foram suspensos, obrigando Ă readequação da forma de atuação para a esfera virtual, passando a ser conduzida atravĂ©s de plataformas e ferramentas digitais, como Google Meet, WhatsApp, Jamboard e Canva. Essas novas formas de abordagens no ensino-aprendizagem apresentaram algumas questĂ”es desafiadoras, entre elas: a dependĂȘncia da estabilidade da rede de internet; a nĂŁo visualização da linguagem corporal; e exigĂȘncia de maior comprometimento e autonomia dos atores. AlĂ©m disso, os recĂ©m ingressos no grupo PET, sĂł conhecem os colegas virtualmente e nĂŁo puderam vivenciar a rotina na Unidade de SaĂșde e as reuniĂ”es e atividades presenciais com o grupo. TambĂ©m devemos considerar os impactos emocionais mediante o isolamento social. Quanto aos aspectos benĂ©ficos no ensino-aprendizado Ă distĂąncia, percebemos os seguintes: o desenvolvimento de novas habilidades com meios tecnolĂłgicos; maior flexibilização de horĂĄrio; e o nĂŁo deslocamento para as reuniĂ”es, com menor risco de exposição Ă violĂȘncia urbana e ao trĂąnsito. Destacamos como principais produçÔes nesse perĂodo, a participação ativa do grupo no curso de atualização em desenvolvimento docente para a Educação Interprofissional em SaĂșde e a criação de materiais informativos para serem disponibilizados para os usuĂĄrios via Whatsapp. ConsideraçÔes finais: Frente ao atual panorama mundial, entendemos que a adaptação e flexibilização do processo de ensino-aprendizagem Ă© necessĂĄria. Contudo, Ă© senso comum entre o grupo, que mesmo a melhor e mais completa ferramenta digital nĂŁo substitui o contato pessoal, as relaçÔes mais prĂłximas e humanizadas, possuindo essas, maior potencial para tornar a comunicação entre os participantes do Programa PETâSaĂșde interprofissionalidade mais assertiva e efetiva.
Palavras-chave: Educação interprofissional. Pandemia. SaĂșde
Global trends in myopia management attitudes and strategies in clinical practice
PURPOSE: Myopia is a global public health issue; however, no information exists as to how potential myopia retardation strategies are being adopted globally. METHODS: A self-administrated, internet-based questionnaire was distributed in six languages, through professional bodies to eye care practitioners globally. The questions examined: awareness of increasing myopia prevalence, perceived efficacy and adoption of available strategies, and reasons for not adopting specific strategies. RESULTS: Of the 971 respondents, concern was higher (median 9/10) in Asia than in any other continent (7/10, p<0.001) and they considered themselves more active in implementing myopia control strategies (8/10) than Australasia and Europe (7/10), with North (4/10) and South America (5/10) being least proactive (p<0.001). Orthokeratology was perceived to be the most effective method of myopia control, followed by increased time outdoors and pharmaceutical approaches, with under-correction and single vision spectacles felt to be the least effective (p<0.05). Although significant intra-regional differences existed, overall most practitioners 67.5 (±37.8)% prescribed single vision spectacles or contact lenses as the primary mode of correction for myopic patients. The main justifications for their reluctance to prescribe alternatives to single vision refractive corrections were increased cost (35.6%), inadequate information (33.3%) and the unpredictability of outcomes (28.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of practitioners' awareness of the efficacy of myopia control techniques, the vast majority still prescribe single vision interventions to young myopes. In view of the increasing prevalence of myopia and existing evidence for interventions to slow myopia progression, clear guidelines for myopia management need to be established
Gravitational radiation from gamma-ray bursts as observational opportunities for LIGO and VIRGO
Gamma-ray bursts are believed to originate in core-collapse of massive stars.
This produces an active nucleus containing a rapidly rotating Kerr black hole
surrounded by a uniformly magnetized torus represented by two counter-oriented
current rings. We quantify black hole spin-interactions with the torus and
charged particles along open magnetic flux-tubes subtended by the event
horizon. A major output of Egw=4e53 erg is radiated in gravitational waves of
frequency fgw=500 Hz by a quadrupole mass-moment in the torus. Consistent with
GRB-SNe, we find (i) Ts=90s (tens of s, Kouveliotou et al. 1993), (ii)
aspherical SNe of kinetic energy Esn=2e51 erg (2e51 erg in SN1998bw, Hoeflich
et al. 1999) and (iii) GRB-energies Egamma=2e50 erg (3e50erg in Frail et al.
2001). GRB-SNe occur perhaps about once a year within D=100Mpc. Correlating
LIGO/Virgo detectors enables searches for nearby events and their spectral
closure density 6e-9 around 250Hz in the stochastic background radiation in
gravitational waves. At current sensitivity, LIGO-Hanford may place an upper
bound around 150MSolar in GRB030329. Detection of Egw thus provides a method
for identifying Kerr black holes by calorimetry.Comment: to appear in PRD, 49
Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis.
Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
Liver Phenotypes of European Adults Heterozygous or Homozygous for PiâZ Variant of AAT (PiâMZ vs PiâZZ genotype) and Noncarriers
Homozygosity for the PiâZ variant of the gene that encodes the alpha-1 antitrypsin peptide (AAT), called the PiâZZ genotype, causes a liver and lung disease called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Heterozygosity (the PiâMZ genotype) is a risk factor for cirrhosis in individuals with liver disease. Up to 4% of Europeans have the PiâMZ genotype; we compared features of adults with and without PiâMZ genotype among persons without preexisting liver disease.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Global trends in myopia management attitudes and strategies in clinical practice â 2019 Update
Purpose: A survey in 2015 identified a high level of eye care practitioner concern about myopia with a reported moderately high level of activity, but the vast majority still prescribed single vision interventions to young myopes. This research aimed to update these findings 4 years later. Methods: A self-administrated, internet-based questionnaire was distributed in eight languages, through professional bodies to eye care practitioners globally. The questions examined: awareness of increasing myopia prevalence, perceived efficacy of available strategies and adoption levels of such strategies, and reasons for not adopting specific strategies. Results: Of the 1336 respondents, concern was highest (9.0 ± 1.6; p < 0.001) in Asia and lowest (7.6 ± 2.2; p < 0.001) in Australasia. Practitioners from Asia also considered their clinical practice of myopia control to be the most active (7.7 ± 2.3; p < 0.001), the North American practitioners being the least active (6.3 ± 2.9; p < 0.001). Orthokeratology was perceived to be the most effective method of myopia control, followed by pharmaceutical approaches and approved myopia control soft contact lenses (p < 0.001). Although significant intra-regional differences existed, overall, most practitioners did not consider single-vision distance under-correction to be an effective strategy for attenuating myopia progression (79.6 %), but prescribed single vision spectacles or contact lenses as the primary mode of correction for myopic patients (63.6 ± 21.8 %). The main justifications for their reluctance to prescribe alternatives to single vision refractive corrections were increased cost (20.6 %) and inadequate information (17.6 %). Conclusions: While practitioner concern about myopia and the reported level of activity have increased over the last 4 years, the vast majority of eye care clinicians still prescribe single vision interventions to young myopes. With recent global consensus evidence-based guidelines having been published, it is hoped that this will inform the practice of myopia management in future
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