Fight the Power: Protest, Showdown and Civil Rights Activity in Three Southern Cities, 1960-1965.

This thesis describes the significant events of the Civil Rights Movement from 1960 to 1965, examining the campaigns of Albany, Georgia in 1962, Birmingham, Alabama in 1963, and Selma, Alabama in 1965. In the wake of the freedom rides of 1960-61, Martin Luther King\u27s Southern Christian Leadership Conference was looking for a way to dramatically reveal the racial injustice of the South. Stumbling into a campaign in Albany, SCLC found thr right method in the use of nonviolent direct action. While Albany was a failure, it was this campaign that led to the campaigns of Birmingham and Selma which led in passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Through confrontation with law enforcement, SCLC was able to effect meaningful social change.The research for this thesis included both primary and secondary sources. Newspaper accounts, especially from the New York Times, were used as well as magazine articles. All three main chapters contain accounts by the participants, activists and politicians. The conclusion from the research would indicate that it was through the use of confrontation with Southern law enforcement that the Civil Rights Movement was able to force the federal government act on civil rights legislation

The Legal Status of Joint Venture Corporations

American industry employs many forms of business organizations. The sole proprietorship, the partnership, general and limited, the joint venture, the joint stock company, the corporation, public issue and close, and many others are all familiar and well established in their use. This article deals with the use by American industry of the close corporation to carry on a joint venture. With due deference to purists in legal terminology we have elected to refer to this particular type of corporate entity as the joint venture corporation. In this article we not only look at the use made of the joint venture corporation in America but also we examine its treatment at the hands of American courts

Diversity and evolution of phycobilisomes in marine Synechococcus spp.: a comparative genomics study

Background Marine Synechococcus owe their specific vivid color (ranging from blue-green to orange) to their large extrinsic antenna complexes called phycobilisomes, comprising a central allophycocyanin core and rods of variable phycobiliprotein composition. Three major pigment types can be defined depending on the major phycobiliprotein found in the rods (phycocyanin, phycoerythrin I or phycoerythrin II). Among strains containing both phycoerythrins I and II, four subtypes can be distinguished based on the ratio of the two chromophores bound to these phycobiliproteins. Genomes of eleven marine Synechococcus strains recently became available with one to four strains per pigment type or subtype, allowing an unprecedented comparative genomics study of genes involved in phycobilisome metabolism. Results By carefully comparing the Synechococcus genomes, we have retrieved candidate genes potentially required for the synthesis of phycobiliproteins in each pigment type. This includes linker polypeptides, phycobilin lyases and a number of novel genes of uncharacterized function. Interestingly, strains belonging to a given pigment type have similar phycobilisome gene complements and organization, independent of the core genome phylogeny (as assessed using concatenated ribosomal proteins). While phylogenetic trees based on concatenated allophycocyanin protein sequences are congruent with the latter, those based on phycocyanin and phycoerythrin notably differ and match the Synechococcus pigment types. Conclusion We conclude that the phycobilisome core has likely evolved together with the core genome, while rods must have evolved independently, possibly by lateral transfer of phycobilisome rod genes or gene clusters between Synechococcus strains, either via viruses or by natural transformation, allowing rapid adaptation to a variety of light niches

The T3 receptor β1 isoform regulates UCP1 and D2 deiodinase in rat brown adipocytes

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis increases when uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) is activated adrenergically and requires T3. In humans, UCP1 activation in BAT seems involved in body weight maintenance. BAT type 2 deiodinase (D2) increases in response to adrenergic agents, producing the T3 required for UCP1 expression. T3 actions are mediated by thyroid hormone nuclear T3 receptors (TR), TRα and TRβ. Studies in mice suggest that TRβ is required for UCP1 induction, whereas TRα regulates body temperature and adrenergic sensitivity. In the present study, we compare the effects of T3 vs. specific TRβ1 and TRα1 agonists [GC-1 and CO23] on the adrenergic induction of UCP1 and D2 in cultured rat brown adipocytes. T3 and GC-1 produced similar increases on UCP1, whereas CO23 increased UCP1 only at high doses (50 nM). GC-1 at low doses (0.2-10 nM) was less potent than T3, increasing the adrenergic stimulation of D2 activity and mRNA. At higher doses, GC-1 further stimulated whereas T3 inhibited D2 activity but not D2 mRNA, suggesting posttranscriptional effects. CO23 had no effect on D2 activity but increased D2 mRNA. T3, GC-1, or CO23 by themselves did not increase UCP1 or D2 mRNA. High T3 doses shortened D2 half-life and increased D2 turnover via proteasome, whereas GC-1 did not change D2 stability. The α1- and α2-adrenergic D2 responses increased using high T 3 doses. In summary, T3 increases the adrenergic stimulation of UCP1 and D2 expression mostly via the TRβ1 isoform, and in brown adipocytes, D2 is protected from degradation by the action of T 3 on TRβ1. Copyright © 2010 by The Endocrine Society.This work was supported by Research Grants SAF2006/01319 and SAF2009-09364 from Plan Nacional (Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación) and FMM2006 from Fundación Médica Madrileña (Spain) (toM.-J.O.). Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn) is an initiative of Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.Peer Reviewe

Exploring the interactions underlying flow states: A connecting analysis of flow occurrence in European Tour golfers

Objectives: Research to date has identified a range of factors suggested to facilitate flow states in sport. However, less attention has focused on how exactly those facilitating factors influence the occurrence of flow. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the specific ways in which such facilitators influenced flow occurrence in European Tour golfers. Design: Qualitative design. Method: Ten full-time golfers from the European Tour (M age=37; SD=13.08) participated in semi-structured interviews investigating the occurrence of their flow states. Data were interpreted using an iterative process of thematic and connecting analyses. Results: Ten facilitators of flow were identified, of which commitment and the caddie have not been reported previously. Twenty four connecting links were identified in the data, through which the caddie, effective preparation, and high-quality performance appeared to be most influential for flow occurrence. Confidence and concentration also emerged as key constructs underlying the flow experience in this setting. Conclusion: A central contribution of this study is the identification of ways in which facilitating factors could influence flow occurrence in elite golf. This process adds detail to understanding of flow occurrence, and moves beyond simply identifying factors which are associated with the experience. As such, connecting analysis is proposed as an additional strategy for qualitatively investigating flow occurrence in sport. Results are discussed in relation to previous literature, and recommendations are identified for researchers, athletes, coaches and practitioners

Effect of insulin on glucose metabolism in the dog after portacaval transposition

The effect of insulin on hepatic glucose metabolism was studied by a multiple-catheter technique in unanesthetized dogs with Eck fistula and with portacaval transposition. With the latter preparation, blood entering and leaving the liver was sampled from peripherally inserted catheters. In the unanesthetized Eck-fistula animals, insulin infusion produced a decrease in the hepatic glucose output. In the dogs with portacaval transposition, a constant infusion of insulin was given alternately by systemic and by intraportal routes. There was no significant difference between the effects of insulin administered by the two routes. During insulin infusion, glucose concentration differences across the liver were reduced, hepatic plasma flow was transiently elevated, and hepatic glucose output was decreased. After discontinuance of insulin, there was a transient rise of hepatic glucose output to above control values. </jats:p

Neurodiverse Knowledge, Skills and Ability Assessment for Cyber Security

Cyber attacks have become commonplace and cause harm to IT systems operated by governments, businesses and citizens. As a result, there has been substantial job growth within the cyber security industry to try and meet the need for network defence. However, due to fierce competition for with the relevant skills there is a shortfall in skilled workers able to fill these roles. The goal of this project is to develop, validate and verify a novel solution for the recruitment of highly competent cyber security staff who can defend our nation against capable and well-funded adversaries. The proposed solution involves the development of a training scheme to train neurodiverse individuals for these roles. There is evidence for their interest and aptitude within the sector, but no research has been undertaken to establish how best to train them in the context of their individual differences

Managerial accounting for meat processor - locker firms

Includes bibliographical references

The 2 × 2 model of perfectionism and school‐ and community‐based sport participation.

The authors adopted the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism to examine the unique and interactive effects of two dimensions of perfectionism (personal standards perfectionism PSP and evaluative concerns perfectionism ECP) on personal and interpersonal indicators of participant experience in youth sport (enjoyment, physical self‐worth, and friendship quality). Participants (N = 219, M age = 15.12, SD = 2.02) were recruited from various school‐ and community‐based sports and completed a multi‐section questionnaire. Consideration of main and interaction effects indicated that pure PSP (high PSP/low ECP) was associated with the most positive sport experience and pure ECP (low PSP/high ECP) was associated with the least positive sport experience. The findings suggest that subtypes of perfectionism from the 2 × 2 model are predictive of differing experiences in youth sport participation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved). (journal abstract