Influence of tectonic inversion and salt mobility on structural styles and reservoir quality in the Norwegian Central Trough

Tectonic inversion and halokinesis are well documented as mechanisms for generating structural traps for hydrocarbons. Many sedimentary basins that contain kinematically active halite deposits have also experienced deformation related to positive tectonic inversion (contractional reactivation of pre-existing structures). In such cases, patterns of uplift are often complex and the relative role of competing deformation processes and their influence on structural style is poorly understood.The focus for this study is the Norwegian sector of the Central North Sea. A major petroleum play comprises Chalk Group reservoirs, where trap development has previously been attributed to halokinesis of the Permian Zechstein Supergroup, to Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic inversion events, and to a combination of both, but has never been well understood. Interpretation of high resolution 3D seismic data from a 5000 km2 area has revealed new insights into the relationship between tectonic inversion and halokinesis.Halite of the Zechstein Supergroup became mobile during the Triassic, with the creation of minibasins and adjacent salt highs. Salt movements continued until Miocene times. Tectonic inversion was driven by far-field plate margin forces and occurred during comparatively discrete intervals; the principal events are dated Maastrichtian - Danian (contemporaneous with Chalk deposition) and Eocene - Middle Miocene. The timing and extent of salt movement prior to inversion is a major control on structural style associated with that inversion; there are consistent and predictable differences between salt-free areas as opposed to salt-prone areas. Where there is no salt (or salt has been expelled) structural styles are deep-seated, more asymmetric and localized over the site of a pre-existing structural trend.Tectonic inversion and halokinesis have affected the porosity and permeability characteristics, and therefore the reservoir quality, of the Upper Cretaceous Chalk Group. Syn-depositional uplift exerted a strong influence over Chalk Group thickness distribution and depositional facies type. Sedimentological studies suggest initial (facies-related) matrix porosity variations were preserved or even enhanced during subsequent diagenesis.The physical characteristics of internal fracturing are a major control over Chalk Group reservoir quality. Historically, it has been difficult to characterize sub-seismic scale 3D heterogeneities within the Chalk Group. This study has addressed the problem of fracture development in response to fold growth through integration of theoretical considerations, subsurface data and outcrop observations, using suitably chosen structural analogues. It is probable that both inversion and halokinesis directly affected and enhanced the fracture characteristics of the reservoir

A Proposed Approach for Prioritizing Maintenance at NASA Centers

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) manages a vast array of infrastructure assets across ten National Centers with a worth of at least 30 billion dollars. Eighty percent of this infrastructure is greater than 40 years old and is in degraded condition. Maintenance budgets are typically less than one percent of current replacement value (CRV), much less than the 2-4% recommended by the National Research Council. The maintenance backlog was 2.55 billion dollars in FY10 and growing. NASA s annual budgets have flattened and are at risk of being reduced, so the problem is becoming even more difficult. NASA Centers utilize various means to prioritize and accomplish maintenance within available budgets, though data is suspect and processes are variable. This paper offers a structured means to prioritize maintenance based on mission criticality and facility performance (ability of the facility to deliver on its purpose). Mission alignment is assessed using the current timeframe Mission Dependence Index and a measure of facility alignment with the 2011 NASA Strategic Plan for the long-term perspective. Facility performance is assessed by combining specific findings from a structured facility condition assessment and an assessment of actual functional output. These are then combined in a matrix to identify the facilities most critical to mission and able to deliver services. The purpose of this approach is to provide the best benefits for the available funding. Additionally, this rationale can also be applied to the prioritization of investment (recapitalization) projects so that the ultimate customers of this paper, the senior infrastructure managers at each NASA Center, are better able to strategically manage their capabilities

Establishment of underdrain maintenance procedures (FHWA-OK-95-04)

Project #2183 analyzed the condition of underdrains and developed a method of classifying, maintaining, and, when necessary, replacing underdrain outlets. The project encompassed every region of Oklahoma and many different climates and geological conditions. The most common seepage conditions occur where a permeable geologic layer, such as sandstone, overlies a relativel y impermeable layer, like shale. Various drain pipe types and sizes were included in the original survey. The outlet maintenance demonstrations were concentrated in those regions where the procedures will be most often applied. Equipment specially procured for the project included a pipe inspection video package, and a high pressure rodding system (jetter). The primary focus is on the maintenance of pipe underdrains, although some recommendations regarding design and installation are included.Final Report May 1991 - May 1995N

Exploring Food Decision Processes of Latino Families in California’s Central Valley

Background and Purpose: Latino children are more likely to be overweight than non-Latino whites. Family food context research is relevant to the prevention of overweight. The purpose of the study was to identify patterns in Latino family food decisions related to the dinner routine. Methods: In 2013-2014, thirty-four in-depth interviews were conducted with twenty-two Latina mothers with children age 5-10 in California’s Central Valley. Previously published research informed the semi-structured interview guide. A grounded theory methodology was used to identify themes. Results: Four salient food decision approaches emerged. Families exhibited six combinations of these approaches. Mothers’ explicit health goals guide the health approach. The traditional approach emphasizes eating favorite recipes. In the developmental approach, parents modify the main meal for children based on the belief children will develop an adult’s taste over time. The path of least resistance favors expediency over other concerns. Conclusion: While the path of least resistance and health approaches have previously been observed among other populations, this paper provides findings on these categories among Latinos. Additionally, our findings on the developmental and traditional approaches expand the body of knowledge on food decisions. The guiding approaches provide a framework that can be sensitive to diverse food schemas

Thin asphalt overlays in Division VI (OK-96-11) 2285

Field Division VI has typically applied "chip seals'' to distressed low traffic roadways. Chip seals, however, have little effect on problems such as cracking, corrugating, and rutting. One or more of these problems existed at each of the seven sites selected for the application of thin asphalt overlays in lieu of chip seals. Four similar roadway compositions were represented. Each was overlaid with 0.5 to 0.75 inches (13mm to 19mm) of Type D asphalt concrete. Field tests included traffic data collection, flexible pavement condition swveys, and rut measurements, as well a?? skid. ridemeter, and Benkelman Beam deflection tests. Construction consisted of three steps: (1) placing a tack coat or fabric membrane on the old surface, (2) laying down a thin lift of Type D asphalt. and (3) compaction.Final Report, October 1996N

Effects of Volitional Preemptive Abdominal Contraction on Shoulder Proprioception Following Shoulder Muscle Fatigue

The abdominal bracing maneuver, a volitional preemptive abdominal contraction (VPAC) strategy, is potentially beneficial to shoulder exercise performance. It is unclear how VPAC use affects shoulder function, including proprioception and shoulder muscle function following shoulder muscle fatigue caused by upper extremity dominant sports movements. Discovering methods that reduce its effects on shoulder proprioception and shoulder muscle function is important for clinical practice in orthopedic rehabilitation. PURPOSE: To identify VPAC effects on shoulder proprioception abilities and to identify VPAC effects on shoulder muscle electromyographic amplitudes, during seated proprioception trials, both with and without muscle fatigue present. METHODS: Thirty-nine participants (26 women, 13 men) participated in this study. Shoulder proprioception was measured by shoulder flexion reproduction angles. Kinematic data were collected during the shoulder flexion trials to determine the accuracy in the subjects’ ability to reproduce a reference angle. All data were collected before and after a shoulder muscle fatigue protocol. Electromyographic data from the anterior deltoid (AD), posterior deltoid (PD), upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), serratus anterior (SA), and infraspinatus (IF) muscles were used to observe muscle contraction amplitudes during the angle reproduction trials. RESULTS: Shoulder reproduction angles were not significantly affected by VPAC or muscle fatigue. Individually, shoulder muscle fatigue significantly increased UT muscle amplitudes (Mdn = 0.059(0.135), p\u3c.008) and LT muscle amplitudes (Mdn = 0.023(0.059), p\u3c.008). VPAC significantly increased shoulder IF muscle amplitudes (Mdn = 0.019(0.038), p\u3c.008). CONCLUSION: The VPAC did not affect shoulder proprioception in this study, showing that the strategy may not be beneficial to improving proprioception in the shoulder joint. The affects of muscle fatigue on the selected shoulder muscles supported the observations in previous literature concerning muscle fatigue effects on selected shoulder muscle. Clinicians can use this information to assist with the creation of therapeutic exercise for the shoulder joint

Metabolomics and Lipidomics Study of Mouse Models of Type 1 Diabetes Highlights Divergent Metabolism in Purine and Tryptophan Metabolism Prior to Disease Onset.

With the increase in incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1DM), there is an urgent need to understand the early molecular and metabolic alterations that accompany the autoimmune disease. This is not least because in murine models early intervention can prevent the development of disease. We have applied a liquid chromatography (LC-) and gas chromatography (GC-) mass spectrometry (MS) metabolomics and lipidomics analysis of blood plasma and pancreas tissue to follow the progression of disease in three models related to autoimmune diabetes: the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse, susceptible to the development of autoimmune diabetes, and the NOD-E (transgenic NOD mice that express the I-E heterodimer of the major histocompatibility complex II) and NOD-severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse strains, two models protected from the development of diabetes. All three analyses highlighted the metabolic differences between the NOD-SCID mouse and the other two strains, regardless of diabetic status indicating that NOD-SCID mice are poor controls for metabolic changes in NOD mice. By comparing NOD and NOD-E mice, we show the development of T1DM in NOD mice is associated with changes in lipid, purine, and tryptophan metabolism, including an increase in kynurenic acid and a decrease in lysophospholipids, metabolites previously associated with inflammation

Sociotechnical Approaches to Fieldwork and Trace Data Integration

The 2015 Sociotech Workshop focuses attention to the possibilities of leveraging trace data (data that is created from the use or presence of digital artifacts and interactions) with data collected through fieldwork. This combination is sociotechnical both in its form and value to better engaging human/ machine interactions. To this end, the workshop provides a forum for: (1) introducing scholars to the basic conceptual premises of sociotechnical scholarship; (2) sociotech scholars to advance their own work and thinking relative to the opportunities of combining the various types of evidence gathered through fieldwork with the range of trace data possibilities that are emerging. Like the seven previous pre-iConference Sociotech Workshops, this event also provides participants an introduction to the Consortium for the Science of Sociotechnical Systems (CSST). The CSST serves a trans-disciplinary community, connecting like-minded scholars from many different intellectual communities whose interests are towards the mutual constitution of social and technological phenomena. A 250-word position paper is due March 9; see the iConference workshop web page for details.ye

American Cancer Society guidelines for breast cancer screening: update 2003

In 2003, the American Cancer Society updated its guidelines for early detection of breast cancer based on recommendations from a formal review of evidence and a recent workshop. The new screening recommendations address screening mammography, physical examination, screening older women and women with comorbid conditions, screening women at high risk, and new screening technologies

Correction: Managing Climate Change Refugia for Climate Adaptation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159909.]