Efecto inhibitorio in vitro de rosmarinus officinalis l. (Romero) comparado con penicilina sobre cepas de streptococcus pyogenes. UPAO. Agosto - Noviembre 2015

Objetivos: Determinar el efecto inhibitorio in vitro del extracto etanólico de Rosmarinus Officinalis L. comparado con Penicilina sobre Cepas Streptococcus pyogenes. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental comparativo, las muestras estuvieron constituidas de 40 cultivos de Streptococcus pyogenes. Resultados: En el Grupo 1 con halo inhibitorio de R.O al 50% se obtiene un diámetro promedio de 12.10 mm y una desviación estándar de 3.60 mm, mientras que en el Grupo 2 una media y una desviación estándar de 15.60 mm. El Grupo Control positivo de penicilina 10 ug con valores de 31.30 y 8.43 mm se detecta una diferencia sustantiva entre los Grupos experimentales respecto al Grupo Control. Conclusiones: El extracto etanólico de Rosmarinus officinalis L. “Romero” en las concentraciones 50% y 75% si presentan efecto inhibitorio in vitro sobre cepas de Streptococcus pyogenes clinicas y ATCC® 12384, existiendo diferencia significativa entre las diferentes concentraciones utilizadas. La concentración máxima 75% utilizada en Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC® 12384, donde se evidencia que existe diferencia significativa.Objectives: To determinate the in vitro inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of Rosmarinus Officinalis L. compared with penicillin on Streptococcus pyogenes. Materials and methods: A comparative experimental study was performed, the samples consisted of 40 cultures of Streptococcus pyogenes. Results: In Group 1 with 50% R.O inhibitory halo an average diameter of 12.10 mm and a standard deviation of 3.60 mm is obtained, while in Group 2 a mean and a standard deviation of 15.60 mm. The Positive Control Group of penicillin 10 ug with values of 31.30 and 8.43 mm detected a substantive difference between the experimental Groups and the Control Group. Conclusions: The ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. ""Romero"" in concentrations 50% and 75% if they present inhibitory effect in vitro on strains of Streptococcus pyogenes clinicas and ATCC® 12384, there being a significant difference between the different concentrations used. The maximum concentration 75% used in Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC® 12384, where it is evidenced that there is significant difference.Tesi

Estrategias motivacionales y rendimiento académico en estudiantes del cuarto grado de secundaria de la I.E “Juan Velazco Alvarado”- Pisco 2020

En la investigación titulada: “Estrategias Motivacionales, componente de valor y Rendimiento Académico en estudiantes del cuarto grado de secundaria de la I. E. “Juan Velazco Alvarado” –Pisco 2020”, el objetivo general de la investigación fue determinar si las estrategias motivacionales se relacionan con el rendimiento académico en estudiantes del cuarto grado de secundaria de la Institución Educativa” Juan Velazco Alvarado” -Pisco 2020 El tipo de investigación es básica, el nivel de investigación es descriptivo correlacional, el diseño de la investigación es no experimental transversal y el enfoque es cuantitativo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 61 estudiantes de VII ciclo. La técnica que se utilizó es la encuesta y los instrumentos de recolección de datos fue un cuestionario aplicado a los estudiantes. Para la validez de los instrumentos se utilizó el juicio de expertos y para la confiabilidad de cada instrumento se utilizó el alfa de Crombach que salió alta en la variable 1: 0.8906 para la variable Estrategias Motivacionales. Con referencia al objetivo general: Determinar la relación que existe entre la si las estrategias motivacionales se relacionan con el rendimiento académico en estudiantes del cuarto grado de secundaria de la Institución Educativa” Juan Velazco Alvarado” -Pisco 2020, se concluye que existe relación directa y significativa entre las Estrategias Motivacionales y Rendimiento Académico. Lo que se demuestra con el estadístico de Spearman (sig. bilateral = .000 < 0.01; Rho = .505**)

Potential room-temperature multiferroicity in cupric oxide under high pressure

International audienceCuO, known to be multiferroic (MF) from T-L = 213 K to T-N = 230 K at ambient pressure, has been the subject of debates about its ability to exhibit multiferroicity at room temperature (RT) under high hydrostatic pressure. Here we address this question based on theoretical and experimental investigations. The influence of hydrostatic pressure on T-L and T-N has been estimated from ab initio calculations combined with classical Monte-Carlo simulations and a quasi-1D antiferromagnetic analytical model. From the experimental side, electric permittivity anomalies related to ferroelectric transitions have been followed with dielectric measurements on single crystals up to 6.1 GPa. We show that the temperature T-N below which the MF state forms increases with pressure linearly to higher pressure that hitherto supposed, and indeed based on our calculations, should exceed RT above about 20 GPa

Mutation of CD2AP and SH3KBP1 binding motif in alphavirus nsP3 hypervariable domain results in attenuated virus

Infection by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) of the Old World alphaviruses (family Togaviridae) in humans can cause arthritis and arthralgia. The virus encodes four non-structural proteins (nsP) (nsP1, nsp2, nsP3 and nsP4) that act as subunits of the virus replicase. These proteins also interact with numerous host proteins and some crucial interactions are mediated by the unstructured C-terminal hypervariable domain (HVD) of nsP3. In this study, a human cell line expressing EGFP tagged with CHIKV nsP3 HVD was established. Using quantitative proteomics, it was found that CHIKV nsP3 HVD can bind cytoskeletal proteins, including CD2AP, SH3KBP1, CAPZA1, CAPZA2 and CAPZB. The interaction with CD2AP was found to be most evident; its binding site was mapped to the second SH3 ligand-like element in nsP3 HVD. Further assessment indicated that CD2AP can bind to nsP3 HVDs of many different New and Old World alphaviruses. Mutation of the short binding element hampered the ability of the virus to establish infection. The mutation also abolished ability of CD2AP to co-localise with nsP3 and replication complexes of CHIKV; the same was observed for Semliki Forest virus (SFV) harbouring a similar mutation. Similar to CD2AP, its homolog SH3KBP1 also bound the identified motif in CHIKV and SFV nsP3

Unconventional field induced phases in a quantum magnet formed by free radical tetramers

We report experimental and theoretical studies on the magnetic and thermodynamic properties of NIT-2Py, a free radical-based organic magnet. From magnetization and specific heat measurements we establish the temperature versus magnetic field phase diagram which includes two Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) and an infrequent half magnetization plateau. Calculations based on density functional theory demonstrates that magnetically this system can be mapped to a quasi-two-dimensional structure of weakly coupled tetramers. Density matrix renormalization group calculations show the unusual characteristics of the BECs where the spins forming the low-field condensate are different than those participating in the high-field one.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figure

Obatoclax Inhibits Alphavirus Membrane Fusion by Neutralizing the Acidic Environment of Endocytic Compartments

As new pathogenic viruses continue to emerge, it is paramount to have intervention strategies that target a common denominator in these pathogens. The fusion of viral and cellular membranes during viral entry is one such process that is used by many pathogenic viruses, including chikungunya virus, West Nile virus, and influenza virus. Obatoclax, a small-molecule antagonist of the Bcl-2 family of proteins, was previously determined to have activity against influenza A virus and also Sindbis virus. Here, we report it to be active against alphaviruses, like chikungunya virus (50% effective concentration [EC50] = 0.03 mu M) and Semliki Forest virus (SFV; EC50 = 0.11 mu M). Obatoclax inhibited viral entry processes in an SFV temperaturesensitive mutant entry assay. A neutral red retention assay revealed that obatoclax induces the rapid neutralization of the acidic environment of endolysosomal vesicles and thereby most likely inhibits viral fusion. Characterization of escape mutants revealed that the L369I mutation in the SFV E1 fusion protein was sufficient to confer partial resistance against obatoclax. Other inhibitors that target the Bcl-2 family of antiapoptotic proteins inhibited neither viral entry nor endolysosomal acidification, suggesting that the antiviral mechanism of obatoclax does not depend on its anticancer targets. Obatoclax inhibited the growth of flaviviruses, like Zika virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus, which require low pH for fusion, but not that of pH-independent picornaviruses, like coxsackievirus A9, echovirus 6, and echovirus 7. In conclusion, obatoclax is a novel inhibitor of endosomal acidification that prevents viral fusion and that could be pursued as a potential broad-spectrum antiviral candidate.Peer reviewe

Multiphase equation of state for carbon addressing high pressures and temperatures

We present a 5-phase equation of state for elemental carbon which addresses a wide range of density and temperature conditions: 3g/cc 100 000K (both for ρ between 3 and 12 g/cc, with select higher-ρ DFT calculations as well). The liquid free energy model includes an atom-in-jellium approach to account for the effects of ionization due to temperature and pressure in the plasma state, and an ion-thermal model which includes the approach to the ideal gas limit. The precise manner in which the ideal gas limit is reached is greatly constrained by both the highest-temperature DFT data and the path integral data, forcing us to discard an ion-thermal model we had used previously in favor of a new one. Predictions are made for the principal Hugoniot and the room-temperature isotherm, and comparisons are made to recent experimental results.United States. Dept. of Energy (Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344

Versatile Trans-Replication Systems for Chikungunya Virus Allow Functional Analysis and Tagging of Every Replicase Protein

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV; genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae) has recently caused several major outbreaks affecting millions of people. There are no licensed vaccines or antivirals, and the knowledge of the molecular biology of CHIKV, crucial for development of efficient antiviral strategies, remains fragmentary. CHIKV has a 12 kb positive-strand RNA genome, which is translated to yield a nonstructural (ns) or replicase polyprotein. CHIKV structural proteins are expressed from a subgenomic RNA synthesized in infected cells. Here we have developed CHIKV trans-replication systems, where replicase expression and RNA replication are uncoupled. Bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase or cellular RNA polymerase II were used for production of mRNAs for CHIKV ns polyprotein and template RNAs, which are recognized by CHIKV replicase and encode for reporter proteins. CHIKV replicase efficiently amplified such RNA templates and synthesized large amounts of subgenomic RNA in several cell lines. This system was used to create tagged versions of ns proteins including nsP1 fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein and nsP4 with an immunological tag. Analysis of these constructs and a matching set of replicon vectors revealed that the replicases containing tagged ns proteins were functional and maintained their subcellular localizations. When cells were co-transfected with constructs expressing template RNA and wild type or tagged versions of CHIKV replicases, formation of characteristic replicase complexes (spherules) was observed. Analysis of mutations associated with noncytotoxic phenotype in CHIKV replicons showed that a low level of RNA replication is not a pre-requisite for reduced cytotoxicity. The CHIKV trans-replicase does not suffer from genetic instability and represents an efficient, sensitive and reliable tool for studies of different aspects of CHIKV RNA replication process.Peer reviewe

Influence of Salix babylonica extract addition on in vitro rumen gas production and degradability of ryegrass silage harvested in different cutting days

Four cutoffs of ryegrass after 15 days (CD15), 30 days (CD30), 45 days (CD45), and 60 days (CD60) with Salix babylonica (SB) extract at 0, 30, and 60 ml/kg ryegrass silage were ensiled for 40 days and then evaluated for the in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility and gas production (GP). No interactions occurred between cutting day and SB extract for silage’s nutrient contents and in vitro GP. The DM and organic matter (OM) contents were decreased linearly with decreased crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibres, acid detergent fibres, and acid detergent lignin contents with advancing of days. In contrary, addition of SB extract increased silages’ OM and decreased CP contents. Addition of SB extract for CD15 and CD60 silages, quadratically decreased the lag time. However, SB extract increased the rate of GP and GP during the first 12 h of incubation at the level of 30 ml/kg with CD30 silage and asymptotic GP with the level 60 ml/kg of CD60 silage. Increased DM degradability (DMD) of CD30 and CD60 silages versus decreased DMD with CD15 with increased relative GP (ml gas/g DMD). It could be concluded that CD15 had the highest DM and OM content; however, higher GP was noted with CD45 and CD60. SB extract had weak effects on nutrient content and GP, and the level of 30 ml/kg DM was more effective than the level of 60 ml/kg DM

Obatoclax inhibits alphavirus membrane fusion by neutralizing the acidic environment of endocytic compartments

As new pathogenic viruses continue to emerge, it is paramount to have intervention strategies that target a common denominator in these pathogens. The fusion of viral and cellular membranes during viral entry is one such process that is used by many pathogenic viruses including chikungunya virus, West Nile virus, influenza virus etc. Obatoclax, a small-molecule antagonist of the Bcl-2 family of proteins was previously determined to be antiviral against influenza A virus and also Sindbis virus. Here, we report it to be active against alphaviruses like chikungunya virus (EC50 = 0.03 μM) and Semliki Forest virus (SFV) (EC50 = 0.11 μM). Obatoclax inhibited viral entry processes in an SFV temperature-sensitive mutant entry assay. Neutral red retention assay revealed that obatoclax induces rapid neutralization of the acidic environment of endolysosomal vesicles and thereby, most likely inhibits viral fusion. Characterization of escape mutants revealed that mutation L369I in the SFV E1 fusion protein was sufficient to confer partial resistance against obatoclax. Other inhibitors that target the Bcl-2 family of antiapoptotic proteins neither inhibited viral entry nor endolysosomal acidification, suggesting that the antiviral mechanism of obatoclax does not depend on its anticancer targets. Obatoclax inhibited the growth of flaviviruses like Zika virus, West Nile virus and yellow fever virus, which require low pH for fusion, but not of pH-independent picornaviruses like coxasackievirus A9, echovirus 6 and echovirus 7. In conclusion, obatoclax is a novel inhibitor of endosomal acidification preventing viral fusion that could be pursued as a potential broad-spectrum antiviral candidate.</p