Clustering Main Concepts from e-Mails

E–mail is one of the most common ways to communicate, assuming, in some cases, up to 75% of a company’s communication, in which every employee spends about 90 minutes a day in e–mail tasks such as filing and deleting. This paper deals with the generation of clusters of relevant words from E–mail texts. Our approach consists of the application of text mining techniques and, later, data mining techniques, to obtain related concepts extracted from sent and received messages. We have developed a new clustering algorithm based on neighborhood, which takes into account similarity values among words obtained in the text mining phase. The potential of these applications is enormous and only a few companies, mainly large organizations, have invested in this project so far, taking advantage of employees’s knowledge in future decisions

Simulations for trapping reactions with subdiffusive traps and subdiffusive particles

While there are many well-known and extensively tested results involving diffusion-limited binary reactions, reactions involving subdiffusive reactant species are far less understood. Subdiffusive motion is characterized by a mean square displacement $\sim t^\gamma$ with $0<\gamma<1$. Recently we calculated the asymptotic survival probability $P(t)$ of a (sub)diffusive particle ($\gamma^\prime$) surrounded by (sub)diffusive traps ($\gamma$) in one dimension. These are among the few known results for reactions involving species characterized by different anomalous exponents. Our results were obtained by bounding, above and below, the exact survival probability by two other probabilities that are asymptotically identical (except when $\gamma^\prime=1$ and $0<\gamma<2/3$). Using this approach, we were not able to estimate the time of validity of the asymptotic result, nor the way in which the survival probability approaches this regime. Toward this goal, here we present a detailed comparison of the asymptotic results with numerical simulations. In some parameter ranges the asymptotic theory describes the simulation results very well even for relatively short times. However, in other regimes more time is required for the simulation results to approach asymptotic behavior, and we arrive at situations where we are not able to reach asymptotia within our computational means. This is regrettably the case for $\gamma^\prime=1$ and $0<\gamma<2/3$, where we are therefore not able to prove or disprove even conjectures about the asymptotic survival probability of the particle.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter; special issue on Chemical Kinetics Beyond the Textbook: Fluctuations, Many-Particle Effects and Anomalous Dynamics, eds. K.Lindenberg, G.Oshanin and M.Tachiy

OGLE-TR-211 - a new transiting inflated hot Jupiter from the OGLE survey and ESO LP666 spectroscopic follow-up program

We present results of the photometric campaign for planetary and low-luminosity object transits conducted by the OGLE survey in 2005 season (Campaign #5). About twenty most promising candidates discovered in these data were subsequently verified spectroscopically with the VLT/FLAMES spectrograph. One of the candidates, OGLE-TR-211, reveals clear changes of radial velocity with small amplitude of 82 m/sec, varying in phase with photometric transit ephemeris. Thus, we confirm the planetary nature of the OGLE-TR-211 system. Follow-up precise photometry of OGLE-TR-211 with VLT/FORS together with radial velocity spectroscopy supplemented with high resolution, high S/N VLT/UVES spectra allowed us to derive parameters of the planet and host star. OGLE-TR-211b is a hot Jupiter orbiting a F7-8 spectral type dwarf star with the period of 3.68 days. The mass of the planet is equal to 1.03+/-0.20 M_Jup while its radius 1.36+0.18-0.09 R_Jup. The radius is about 20% larger than the typical radius of hot Jupiters of similar mass. OGLE-TR-211b is, then, another example of inflated hot Jupiters - a small group of seven exoplanets with large radii and unusually small densities - objects being a challenge to the current models of exoplanets.Comment: 6 pages. Submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysic

Activity/inactivity circadian rhythm shows high similarities between young obesity-induced rats and old rats

The objective of the present study was to compare differences between elderly rats and young obesity-induced rats in their activity/inactivity circadian rhythm. The investigation was motivated by the differences reported previously for the circadian rhythms of both obese and elderly humans (and other animals), and those of healthy, young or mature individuals. Three groups of rats were formed: a young control group which was fed a standard chow for rodents; a young obesity-induced group which was fed a high-fat diet for four months; and an elderly control group with rats aged 2.5 years that was fed a standard chow for rodents. Activity/inactivity data were registered through actimetry using infrared actimeter systems in each cage to detect activity. Data were logged on a computer and chronobiological analysis were performed. The results showed diurnal activity (sleep time), nocturnal activity (awake time), amplitude, acrophase, and interdaily stability to be similar between the young obesity-induced group and the elderly control group, but different in the young control group. We have concluded that obesity leads to a chronodisruption status in the body similar to the circadian rhythm degradation observed in the elderly

Moving beyond disrespect and abuse: addressing the structural dimensions of obstetric violence

AbstractDuring recent decades, a growing and preoccupying excess of medical interventions during childbirth, even in physiological and uncomplicated births, together with a concerning spread of abusive and disrespectful practices towards women during childbirth across the world, have been reported. Despite research and policy-making to address these problems, changing childbirth practices has proved to be difficult. We argue that the excessive rates of medical interventions and disrespect towards women during childbirth should be analysed as a consequence of structural violence, and that the concept of obstetric violence, as it is being used in Latin American childbirth activism and legal documents, might prove to be a useful tool for addressing structural violence in maternity care such as high intervention rates, non-consented care, disrespect and other abusive practices

Use of thermogravimetry analysis to quantify total volatile fraction in pine resin.

Pinus species exhibit fast growth and are good producers of wood, cellulose and resin. Brazil is the second largest producer of resin. The People?s Republic of China is the main producer with approximately 90% world?s resin production. Turpentine, volatile fraction, and rosin, solid fraction, are two major fractions or resin. The distillation process continues up to 170° C can be extracted about 95% of the total gum turpentine resin, preserving its constituents. There is little research using thermal analysis to study pine resin properties. This work involved evaporating volatile fraction of resins in an oven at 170 ºC consisted of 20 different samples from Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis and was compared with results obtained in thermal analysis to quantify the same fraction for each one. The volatile fraction in the oven (170 ºC) was from 14.69% to 24.05%. This fraction obtained through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was from 13.37% to 23.64%. The results demonstrate that the TGA technique is capable of accurately determining the volatile and non-volatile fractions of the resin and this technical proved to be suitable for further analyses.CBRATEC

The `666' collaboration on OGLE transits: I. Accurate radius of the planets OGLE-TR-10b and OGLE-TR-56b with VLT deconvolution photometry

Transiting planets are essential to study the structure and evolution of extra-solar planets. For that purpose, it is important to measure precisely the radius of these planets. Here we report new high-accuracy photometry of the transits of OGLE-TR-10 and OGLE-TR-56 with VLT/FORS1. One transit of each object was covered in Bessel V and R filters, and treated with the deconvolution-based photometry algorithm DECPHOT, to ensure accurate millimagnitude light curves. Together with earlier spectroscopic measurements, the data imply a radius of 1.22 +0.12-0.07 R_J for OGLE-TR-10b and 1.30 +- 0.05 R_J for OGLE-TR-56b. A re-analysis of the original OGLE photometry resolves an earlier discrepancy about the radius of OGLE-TR-10. The transit of OGLE-TR-56 is almost grazing, so that small systematics in the photometry can cause large changes in the derived radius. Our study confirms both planets as inflated hot Jupiters, with large radii comparable to that of HD 209458$b$ and at least two other recently discovered transiting gas giants.Comment: Fundamental updates compared to previous version; accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic

¿EL ÁMBITO PROFESIONAL MODIFICA LA CONCEPTUALIZACIÓN ENFERMERA? ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO ENTRE ENFERMERAS DEL ÁMBITO MÉDICO Y QUIRÚRGICO

Resting is essential for physical and mental well being of everyone and inadequate coverage of this requirement negatively affects the patient and disturbs life quality. Insomnia, defined as "a persistent weakness in the quantity of sleep that affects the normal activity and well being of the individual," is a common complaint among hospitalized patients; a reason that justifies the need of special attention to this problem. Our objectives were to identify factors that affect rest, and whether the nursing staff is aware of these factors. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the hematology and oncology units during the month of March 2008. To collect the data we created a survey for patients and for nurses.  A percentage of 91% of the sample responded that they woke up during the night in the hospital and 40% do so more than three times. The factors that affect the rest of the patient are the psychological factors (concern about the disease, the family, and boredom during hospitalization). To conclude it is emphasized that both patients and nurses agree that a high percentage do not sleep in the hospital. The nursing staff showed a good perception of the major causes of insomnia in patients. Both have agreed on the extent to which psychological factors influence the pattern of rest/sleep. Therefore it is important that the nursing staff devote special attention to the management of psychological factors through different techniques.La enfermería tiene una imagen estereotipada por la sociedad, la visión del paradigma de la categorización ha dominado la formación de las enfermeras, por lo que es interesante conocer qué piensan las enfermeras sobre la propia base de su disciplina a través del estudio de los elementos del metaparadigma enfermero y comparar si la especialidad del ámbito modifica nuestra perspectiva. Objetivo: Analizar y comparar la perspectiva sobre los elementos del metaparadigma enfermero entre enfermeros del ámbito médico y del ámbito quirúrgico. Método: Estudio comparativo, observacional, transversal. A través de cuestionario de elaboración propia entre abril-mayo 2006. Resultados: 40 enfermeras del ámbito quirúrgico y 61 del ámbito médico. Edad 38±9 en cirugía, 34,5±9 en medicina. Años experiencia laboral: 16±11 y 12±8. Modelo de formación mayoritario Henderson. Se identifican mayoritariamente con definiciones de enfermería basada en Henderson, salud basada en Erickson, entorno basadas en Roy y Henderson y persona fundada en Travelbee.  Conclusiones: los ámbitos estudiados no modifican la perspectiva sobre los elementos del metapradigma enfermer