Zum Zusammenwirken von Bildungsforschung und Bildungspraxis: Gestaltungsorientierte Bildungsforschung als Ko-Konstruktion

Der Beitrag führt in die Fragestellung des Themenheftes ein. Er erläutert die Problematik des Zusammenwirkens von Bildungsforschung und Bildungspraxis vor dem Hintergrund einer systemtheoretischen Perspektive, die von der Differenz der Perspektiven, Interessen und Handlungslogiken von Bildungsforschung und -praxis ausgeht. Skizziert werden bestehende Varianten der Organisation des Zusammenwirkens, etwa bei der Beratung und Begleitung von Projekten, in der nutzeninspirierten Sozialforschung sowie dem Wissenstransfer durch Forschungssynthesen. Gestaltungsorientierte Bildungsforschung wird als eine spezielle Konstellation der Ko-Konstruktion abgegrenzt, bei der Akteure unterschiedlicher Bezugssysteme gleichermaßen an der Lösung eines Bildungsanliegens und der Beantwortung einer Forschungsfrage zusammenarbeiten. (DIPF/Orig.

Strategic and operational policies in the context of digital curriculum development. A critical review for the comparitive analysis of political initiatives

Die Digitalisierung im Schulsektor bedarf der Beteiligung aller Ebenen im Schulsystem. Um auch die strategische Ausrichtung und das Grundverständnis einer Gesellschaft von Digitalisierung zu erfassen, wurden in diesem Critical Review Studien betrachtet, die politisch initiierte Curricula und Lehrpläne sowie deren Auswirkungen auf involvierte Akteur:innen, wie Lehrer:innen, analysieren. Auf dieser Steuerungsebene lassen sich verschiedene strategische Begründungsmuster und operationale Maßnahmen im internationalen Kontext beobachten, die von unterschiedlichen Erfahrungen und Verständnissen geprägt sind. Im Critical Review werden aktuelle Forschungsbefunde analysiert, die diese strategischen sowie operationalen Begründungs- und Handlungsmuster im internationalen Kontext sowohl theoretisch-konzeptionell erfassen als auch empirisch untersuchen. In die Forschungssynthese gingen 29 deutsch- und englischsprachige Publikationen ein, die zwischen 2016 und 2021 veröffentlicht worden sind. Die Ergebnisse werden im Rahmen des Modells für die vergleichende Analyse politischer Maßnahmen für den Entwicklungsprozess der Digitalisierung im Schulsektor nach Robert B. Kozma (2008) beschrieben und eingeordnet. Weitere in diesem Review identifizierte Umsetzungsstrategien in der überschulischen und politisch initiierten Curriculumsentwicklung werden ergänzt. Die Diskussion greift die Ergebnisse auf und diskutiert sie vor dem Hintergrund eines holistischen Ansatzes zur Curriculumsentwicklung und stellt Implikationen für eine gelingende Curriculumsentwicklung vor dem Hintergrund einer digitalisierten Welt auf. (DIPF/Orig.)Digitalisation in the school sector requires the participation of all levels in the school system. In order to also capture a society’s strategic orientation and basic understanding of digitisation, this Critical Review considered studies that analyse politically initiated curricula and syllabuses and their impact on actors involved, such as teachers. At this level of governance, different strategic rationales and operational measures can be observed in the international context, informed by different experiences and understandings. The Critical Review analyses current research findings that both theoretically and conceptually capture and empirically examine these strategic and operational patterns of justification and action in the international context. The research synthesis included 29 German- and English-language publications published between 2016 and 2021. The results are described and classified within the framework of the model for the comparative analysis of political measures for the development process of digitalisation in the school sector according to Robert B. Kozma (2008). Further implementation strategies identified in this review in the supra-school and politically initiated curriculum development are added. The discussion takes up the findings and discusses them against the backdrop of a holistic approach to curriculum development and draws implications for successful curriculum development against the backdrop of a digitised world. (DIPF/Orig.

"Strengthening students\u27 information literacy. How can the checking of information be promoted through the use of digital media?"

Heranwachsende werden durch das Internet mit einer Vielzahl an Informationen konfrontiert. Dabei gilt es die Orientierung zu behalten, um effizient passende, aber auch akkurate Informationen für den eigenen Informationsbedarf beschaffen zu können. Informationskompetenz (IK) wird damit zu einer Schlüsselkompetenz für Lebenslanges Lernen, Bildung in der digitalen Welt und gesellschaftliche Teilhabe. Bildungsinstitutionen stehen so vor der Herausforderung, den souveränen und selbstbestimmten Umgang mit Informationen im Kontext der Digitalität bei Lernenden zu fördern. Dieses Critical Review betrachtet, welchen Beitrag digitale Medien zur Förderung von Informationskompetenz im Kontext schulischen Unterrichts bei Schüler:innen leisten können. Dafür wurden auf Basis eines Such- & Rechercheprozesses 22 Studien, die zwischen 2018 und 2023 publiziert wurden, ausgewählt und in Hinblick auf die Fragestellung über die Förderung von IK von Schüler:innen analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen verschiedene didaktische Methoden zum Einsatz digitaler Medien im Schulunterricht auf. Sie verdeutlichen, dass digitale Medien sowohl als Lerninstrument, Lernumgebung und Lerninhalt zur Stärkung von IK genutzt werden. Gleichzeitig deuten die Ergebnisse auf die Herausforderung hin, eine einheitliche Begrifflichkeit für Kompetenzen bezüglich des Umgangs mit Informationen im Kontext der Digitalisierung zu definieren. Die Diskussion greift diese Ergebnisse auf und analysiert sie hinsichtlich der Forderung nach gemeinsamen Forschungsbegriffen sowie einem einheitlichen Verständnis von IK. (DIPF/Orig.)Adolescents are confronted with a wealth of information on the internet. They need to keep their bearings to be able to efficiently procure suitable and accurate information for their own information needs. Information literacy (IL) is thus becoming a key competence for lifelong learning, education in the digital world and social participation. Educational institutions are faced with the challenge of promoting the confident and self-determined use of information in the context of digitality among learners. This critical review examines the contribution of digital media in promoting information literacy among students in the context of school instruction. For this purpose, 22 studies published between 2018 and 2023 were selected based on a search & retrieval process and analysed with regard to the research question about the promotion of IL of students. The results show various instructional methods for using digital media in school lessons. They illustrate that digital media is used both as a learning tool, learning environment and learning content to strengthen IL. At the same time, the results highlight the challenge of defining a unified terminology for competencies regarding the handling of information in the context of digitisation. In the discussion, the results are analysed with regard to the demand for common research terms as well as a unified understanding of IL. (DIPF/Orig.

Mixed connective tissue disease : state of the art on clinical practice guidelines

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is a complex overlap disease with features of different autoimmune connective tissue diseases (CTDs) namely systemic sclerosis, poly/dermatomyositis and systemic lupus erythematous in patients with antibodies targeting the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle. In this narrative review, we summarise the results of a systematic literature research which was performed as part of the European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases project, aimed at evaluating existing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) or recommendations. Since no specific CPGs on MCTD were found, other CPGs developed for other CTDs were taken into consideration in order to discuss what can be applied to MCTD even if designed for other diseases. Three major objectives were proposed for the future development of CPGs: MCTD diagnosis (diagnostic criteria), MCTD initial and follow-up evaluations, MCTD treatment. Early diagnosis, epidemiological data, assessment of burden of disease and QOL aspects are among the unmet needs identified by patients.This publication was funded by the European Union’s Health Programme (2014-2020)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Molecular and functional profiling identifies therapeutically targetable vulnerabilities in plasmablastic lymphoma

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) represents a rare and aggressive lymphoma subtype frequently associated with immunosuppression. Clinically, patients with PBL are characterized by poor outcome. The current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis is limited. A hallmark of PBL represents its plasmacytic differentiation with loss of B-cell markers and, in 60% of cases, its association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Roughly 50% of PBLs harbor a MYC translocation. Here, we provide a comprehensive integrated genomic analysis using whole exome sequencing (WES) and genome-wide copy number determination in a large cohort of 96 primary PBL samples. We identify alterations activating the RAS-RAF, JAK-STAT, and NOTCH pathways as well as frequent high-level amplifications in MCL1 and IRF4. The functional impact of these alterations is assessed using an unbiased shRNA screen in a PBL model. These analyses identify the IRF4 and JAK-STAT pathways as promising molecular targets to improve outcome of PBL patients

Rare and low-frequency coding variants alter human adult height

Height is a highly heritable, classic polygenic trait with ~700 common associated variants identified so far through genome - wide association studies . Here , we report 83 height - associated coding variants with lower minor allele frequenc ies ( range of 0.1 - 4.8% ) and effects of up to 2 16 cm /allele ( e.g. in IHH , STC2 , AR and CRISPLD2 ) , >10 times the average effect of common variants . In functional follow - up studies, rare height - increasing alleles of STC2 (+1 - 2 cm/allele) compromise d proteolytic inhibition of PAPP - A and increased cleavage of IGFBP - 4 in vitro , resulting in higher bioavailability of insulin - like growth factors . The se 83 height - associated variants overlap genes mutated in monogenic growth disorders and highlight new biological candidates ( e.g. ADAMTS3, IL11RA, NOX4 ) and pathways ( e.g . proteoglycan/ glycosaminoglycan synthesis ) involved in growth . Our results demonstrate that sufficiently large sample sizes can uncover rare and low - frequency variants of moderate to large effect associated with polygenic human phenotypes , and that these variants implicate relevant genes and pathways

Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries

Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of stroke — the second leading cause of death worldwide — were conducted predominantly in populations of European ancestry1,2. Here, in cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of 110,182 patients who have had a stroke (five ancestries, 33% non-European) and 1,503,898 control individuals, we identify association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci: 60 in primary inverse-variance-weighted analyses and 29 in secondary meta-regression and multitrait analyses. On the basis of internal cross-ancestry validation and an independent follow-up in 89,084 additional cases of stroke (30% non-European) and 1,013,843 control individuals, 87% of the primary stroke risk loci and 60% of the secondary stroke risk loci were replicated (P < 0.05). Effect sizes were highly correlated across ancestries. Cross-ancestry fine-mapping, in silico mutagenesis analysis3, and transcriptome-wide and proteome-wide association analyses revealed putative causal genes (such as SH3PXD2A and FURIN) and variants (such as at GRK5 and NOS3). Using a three-pronged approach4, we provide genetic evidence for putative drug effects, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as possible targets, with drugs already under investigation for stroke for F11 and PROC. A polygenic score integrating cross-ancestry and ancestry-specific stroke GWASs with vascular-risk factor GWASs (integrative polygenic scores) strongly predicted ischaemic stroke in populations of European, East Asian and African ancestry5. Stroke genetic risk scores were predictive of ischaemic stroke independent of clinical risk factors in 52,600 clinical-trial participants with cardiometabolic disease. Our results provide insights to inform biology, reveal potential drug targets and derive genetic risk prediction tools across ancestries

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Shared knowledge in complex teams: an investigation of the shared mental model construct

Highly dynamic and complex work environments require team members who effectively work together. A valuable notion to improve teamwork in complex work environments is shared knowledge, which helps the team members to jointly work towards a common goal. This dissertation contributes to improve teamwork, particularly among air traffic controllers, through showing that team members should share knowledge of the equipment, the task and the team. In addition, this dissertation shows that information exchange between team members during a guided team discussion increases their shared knowledge, which eventually contributes to effective communication and performance among team members