Cyclin D 1‐induced proliferation is independent of beta‐catenin in H ead and N eck C ancer

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106775/1/odi12124.pd

Rituximab in B-Cell Hematologic Malignancies: A Review of 20 Years of Clinical Experience

Rituximab is a human/murine, chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody with established efficacy, and a favorable and well-defined safety profile in patients with various CD20-expressing lymphoid malignancies, including indolent and aggressive forms of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Since its first approval 20 years ago, intravenously administered rituximab has revolutionized the treatment of B-cell malignancies and has become a standard component of care for follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and mantle cell lymphoma. For all of these diseases, clinical trials have demonstrated that rituximab not only prolongs the time to disease progression but also extends overall survival. Efficacy benefits have also been shown in patients with marginal zone lymphoma and in more aggressive diseases such as Burkitt lymphoma. Although the proven clinical efficacy and success of rituximab has led to the development of other anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in recent years (e.g., obinutuzumab, ofatumumab, veltuzumab, and ocrelizumab), rituximab is likely to maintain a position within the therapeutic armamentarium because it is well established with a long history of successful clinical use. Furthermore, a subcutaneous formulation of the drug has been approved both in the EU and in the USA for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Using the wealth of data published on rituximab during the last two decades, we review the preclinical development of rituximab and the clinical experience gained in the treatment of hematologic B-cell malignancies, with a focus on the well-established intravenous route of administration. This article is a companion paper to A. Davies, et al., which is also published in this issue

The association between alcohol use, alcohol use disorders and tuberculosis (TB). A systematic review

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In 2004, tuberculosis (TB) was responsible for 2.5% of global mortality (among men 3.1%; among women 1.8%) and 2.2% of global burden of disease (men 2.7%; women 1.7%). The present work portrays accumulated evidence on the association between alcohol consumption and TB with the aim to clarify the nature of the relationship.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A systematic review of existing scientific data on the association between alcohol consumption and TB, and on studies relevant for clarification of causality was undertaken.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There is a strong association between heavy alcohol use/alcohol use disorders (AUD) and TB. A meta-analysis on the risk of TB for these factors yielded a pooled relative risk of 2.94 (95% CI: 1.89-4.59). Numerous studies show pathogenic impact of alcohol on the immune system causing susceptibility to TB among heavy drinkers. In addition, there are potential social pathways linking AUD and TB. Heavy alcohol use strongly influences both the incidence and the outcome of the disease and was found to be linked to altered pharmacokinetics of medicines used in treatment of TB, social marginalization and drift, higher rate of re-infection, higher rate of treatment defaults and development of drug-resistant forms of TB. Based on the available data, about 10% of the TB cases globally were estimated to be attributable to alcohol.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The epidemiological and other evidence presented indicates that heavy alcohol use/AUD constitute a risk factor for incidence and re-infection of TB. Consequences for prevention and clinical interventions are discussed.</p

Os transtornos da alimentação sob a ótica dos profissionais de enfermagem Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria bajo la óptica de profesionales de enfermería Eating disorders under the optics of nursing staff

OBJETIVOS: identificar as representações sociais da equipe de enfermagem acerca dos transtornos da alimentação. MÉTODOS: pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, exploratória, na qual foram entrevistados 12 profissionais, cujos relatos foram analisados sob a ótica da representação social. RESULTADOS: os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, da qual emergiram duas categorias - "A construção do conhecimento" e "Campo das ações/sentimentos" que compreende temas como controle/limite, em que o sofrimento psíquico do trabalhador é mais evidente, principalmente na iminência do suicídio. DISCUSSÃO: as representações sociais dos profissionais mostram-se ancoradas num discurso médico-científico, numa interface com o conhecimento prático da vivência cotidiana. CONCLUSÃO: precisamos atentar para o conteúdo afetivo-simbólico que os indivíduos imprimem nas relações e cuidar de todos os envolvidos nesse processo.<br>OBJETIVOS: identificar las representaciones sociales del equipo de enfermeros acerca de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. MÉTODOS: pesquisa cualitativa, descriptiva, exploratoria, en la cual fueron entrevistados 12 profesionales, cuyos relatos fueron analizados bajo la óptica de la representación social. RESULTADOS: la primera categoría de análisis, "La construcción del conocimiento" comprende síntomas físicos, psíquicos y factores psicosociales y la segunda, "Campo de las acciones/sentimientos", comprende temas como control /límite, donde el sufrimiento psíquico del trabajador es más evidente, sobretodo en la eminencia del suicidio. DISCUSIONES: las representaciones sociales de los trabajadores muestran-se ancladas en un discurso médico científico, en una integración con el conocimiento práctico de la vivencia cotidiana. CONCLUSIÓN: hay la necesidad de llamar la atención para el contenido afectivo-simbólico de las relaciones y cuidar de todos los enredados en estas.<br>OBJECTIVES: to identify the social representations of nursing staff regarding eating disorders. METHODS: qualitative research, descriptive and exploratory, in which twelve professionals have been interviewed, and their reports have been analyzed under the social representation point of view. RESULTS: the data were submitted a content analysis and two categories emerged - "Knowledge Construction" and "Actions/Feelings Field", constituted by themes as control/limit, where the worker's psychic suffering is more evident, mostly those cases in imminence of suicide. DISCUSSION: the mentioned knowledge gives us representations anchored essentially on a medical-scientific speech, in an interface with practical knowledge, which the daily life provides. CONCLUSION: it is necessary pay attention to affective-symbolic content of the relationships of nursing care process