El campesinado de la Amazonia colombiana: una historia de menosprecio institucional, constitución identitaria y lucha por el reconocimiento

To understand the construction processes of the identity and organizational experiences of the peasants who currently inhabit the Colombian western Amazon region, it is necessary to know the historical characteristics that defi ned the social occupation of this geographical area. As in other colonization processes which took place in the Peruvian, Bolivian and Ecuadorian Amazon, in Colombia the peasants who occupied the Amazonian space in the fifties and sixty arrived after being expelled by the reproduction and expansion of the capital. But, unlike these countries, in Colombia, during these same years, the State undertook a military persecution against those peasants who had resisted the land expropriation process. In this sense, and seeking to comprehend the identity construction process of these peasants, this article will present a brief historical reconstruction of their first organizational efforts and a description of how they undertook their identification process as a social group. Finally, the article will analyze the mechanisms of resistance that Colombian Amazon peasants have created and consolidated in their struggles for recognition and their struggles against injustice and institutional disrespect experienced by decades.Para comprender los procesos de construcción identitarios y organizacionales de los campesinos que habitan actualmente en la Amazonia occidental colombiana es necesario conocer las particularidades históricas que defi nieron la ocupación social de este espacio geográfico. Al igual que en otros procesos de colonización ocurridos en la Amazonia peruana, boliviana o ecuatoriana, en Colombia los campesinos que ocuparon el espacio amazónico en los años cincuenta y sesenta llegaron después de ser expulsados por las dinámicas de reproducción y ampliación del capital. Ahora bien, a diferencia de estos países, en Colombia el Estado emprendió durante esos años, de manera concomitante, una dura persecución militar contra los campesinos que se habían resistido a la expropiación de sus territorios. En este sentido y para acercarnos a una comprensión de los procesos de constitución de las identidades de estos campesinos, en este artículo se presentará una breve reconstrucción histórica de sus primeros esfuerzos organizativos y la manera como emprendieron sus procesos de identificación como grupo. Finalmente, analizaremos los mecanismos de resistencia que los campesinos han ido creando y consolidando en sus luchas por el reconocimiento y contra la injusticia y el menosprecio institucional de que han sido objeto a lo largo de su historia.UFPA - Universidade Federal do Par

Seroprevalencia de toxoplamosis en pacientes embarazadas atendidas en el Hospital Berta Calderón Roque. Managua, Nicaragua 1 de Enero 2014 al 31 de Diciembre del 2015

Se determinó la relación entre los factores sociodemográficos-epidemiológicos y la seroprevalencia de toxoplasmosis en gestantes atendidas en el Hospital Bertha Calderón Roque, Managua, Nicaragua de dos años 2014 y 2015. El estudio fue descriptivo y transversal en 36 gestantes con toxotest positivo atendidas en el área de estudio, seleccionadas intencionalmente. Se aplicó una encuesta sobre datos demográficos, antecedentes obstétricos. Se obtuvieron los resultados de la Ig G e Ig M anti Toxoplasma gondii. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa estadístico IBM SPSS (versión 22; 2014) La seroprevalencia general de toxoplasmosis fue de 17,1%; en gestantes atendidas en el Hospital Bertha Calderón Roque. De los factores sociodemográfico más representativos encontrados fueron, la seropositividad en mujeres gestantes menores de 34 años de edad, asociado a la edad fértil. Más expuestas a la toxoplasmosis las amas de casa, y predominó el II trimestre de captación. Se concluye que la seroprevalencia de toxoplasmosis no fue significativa tomando en cuenta que el tamizaje se realizó solamente al 1% del universo estudiado del año 2014 al 201

Dynamic transition to spontaneous scalarization in boson stars

We show that the phenomenon of spontaneous scalarization predicted in neutron stars within the framework of scalar-tensor tensor theories of gravity, also takes place in boson stars without including a self-interaction term for the boson field (other than the mass term), contrary to what was claimed before. The analysis is performed in the physical (Jordan) frame and is based on a 3+1 decomposition of spacetime assuming spherical symmetry.Comment: Minor changes to match the final version to appear in PR

Valoración Financiera de Empresas : Valoración financiera de le empresa multiventas y servicios la Doloreña con relación a los indicadores de gestión para el periodo diciembre 2014-2015

Se realizo la valoración financiera de la Empresa Multiventas y Servicios La Doloreña con la aplicación del indicador de gestión o actividad y otras herramientas financieras que fueron fundamentales para el estudio financiero de la empresa para los periodos 2014 y 2015. Vale destacar la importancia de este material para la comprensión de las diferentes opciones con que se cuentan para realizar un investigación financiera ha determinada empresa y también en la solución de casos prácticos expuestos en las aulas de clases por los maestros. Se procedió al análisis de los estados financieros de los periodos 2014 y 2015, esto mediante el método de porcentajes integrales (análisis vertical y horizontal), posterior se aplico el indicador de gestión o actividad, con sus resultados se conoció el grado de actividad con que la entidad mantiene niveles de operaciones, nada bueno las cifras arrojadas en la aplicación del indicador; rotación de cartera, de cuentas por pagar e inventario en todas estas, cifras por debajo de lo normal; seguido de esto se disidió integrar un análisis DuPont, elemental para verificar el rendimiento de los activos y patrimonio, resultados que no fueron nada alentadores esto se le atribuyo a las bajas ventas y la falta de estrategias de mercado. Toda esta metodología llevo a identificar los problemas que enfrenta la empresa, como los malos manejos en las ventas y la mala política crediticia de la empresa con sus clientes y por ende la mala política de pagos por parte de la entidad con sus proveedores. Aun están a tiempo de reivindicar el camino de esta empresa con la implementación de correctas y adecuadas políticas de crédito y ventas con sus clientes, esto para hacer crecer, multiplicar los recursos que poseen de lo contrario si no logran realizar cambios es seguro que la empresa se encamina a un caos financiero. La implementación de este trabajo ayudo a sus autores a tener una mejor idea de cómo realizar un análisis financiero e interpretar cada resultado proporcionado por las técnicas utilizadas para el estudio de la valoración de la empresa

Epistemic Foundations of Eco-Efficiency and Social Responsibility in Environmental and Business Performance

Currently, the theoretical basis of eco-efficiency in responsible and social development has promoted a philosophy of sustainable and environmental thinking, which is to provide solutions to the imbalance in the company–environment relationship. Thus, this scientific article is presented with the purpose of deepening the importance of eco-efficiency in responsible and social development and strengthening environmental performance. A quantitative–qualitative approach was used. The phenomenological interpretation to respond to environmental problems also describes the theoretical basis in a substantive way. In this sense, the optimization of resources is sought, with the vision of innovation and the commitment of each organization to be responsible for the high levels of pollution. Therefore, it is concluded that business awareness should be promoted, with approaches to mitigate environmental pollution. Thus, it is necessary to have government policies that motivate businessmen to change their relationship with the environment, based on transition and sustainable development for the integral development of the country. It is also necessary to articulate with the educational institutions at all levels to form beings sensitive to the interest and care for the environment. Keywords: eco-efficiency, social responsibility, environmental performance, sustainability. Resumen En la actualidad, las bases teóricas de la ecoeficiencia en el desarrollo responsable y social, ha fomentado una filosofía del pensamiento sostenible y ambiental, que consiste en dar soluciones al desequilibrio en la relación empresa – ambiente, para tal efecto se presenta el artículo científico, con el propósito de profundizar la importancia de ecoeficiencia en el desarrollo responsable y social y fortalecer el performance ambiental, para lo cual se construye desde el enfoque cuantitativo – cualitativo; la interpretación fenomenológica para responder los problemas ambientales; además se describe las bases teóricas de una manera sustantiva. En este sentido se busca la optimización de recursos, con la visión de innovación y el compromiso de cada organización de ser responsable de los altos niveles de contaminación. Por tanto, se concluye que se debe fomentar la conciencia empresarial, con planteamientos para mitigar la contaminación ambiental. Así pues, es necesario que existan políticas gubernamentales que motiven a los empresarios al cambio en la relación con el medio ambiente, con base en la transición y el desarrollo sostenible para el desarrollo integral del país. Ahora también, se debe articular con las instituciones educativas en todos los niveles para formar seres sensibles al interés y cuidado al ambiente. Palabras Clave: ecoeficiencia, responsabilidad social, performance ambiental, sostenibilidad

Anthropometric measures as predictive indicators of metabolic risk in a population of “holy week costaleros”

Preventive measures are a priority in those groups that perform intense physical efforts without physical preparation and that can also be overweight or obese. One of the groups that reflect these characteristics is the costaleros of the Holy Week of Andalusia, Spain. This paper aims to describe the effect of obesity on blood pressure. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 101 costaleros. The anthropometric measures were determined through segmental impedance. Cardiac recovery and anaerobic power were measured through the Ruffier–Dickson test and the Abalakov test, respectively. Blood pressure was measured when the individuals were at rest. The Kruskal–Wallis test was applied for of continuous parameters and the X2 test for dichotomous measures. Binary logistic regression models were used for the subsequent analysis with R-square and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. The average population was 28 years of age, 173.7 cm tall, and 82.59 Kg weigh. The excess of body fat was 11.27 Kg and Body Mass Index was 27.33 Kg/m2. 72.3% showed abnormal blood pressure and 68.2% were overweight. 32.7% had a waist-hip ratio higher than 0.94. The probability of presenting abnormal blood pressure was higher among the subjects whose fat content was higher and muscle content was lower

Psychological Distress and Work Engagement of Construction Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Differential Study by Sex

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, a major impact on the mental health of the population has been observed, with women being one of the most affected groups. From the lockdown to “de-escalation” phases, sex differences have been recognised as significant determinants of mental health. Thus, equally ensuring physical and mental protection at work remains one of the challenges faced by industrial companies, especially in the construction sector, where the percentage of employed women has increased in recent years. This study aims to examine the impact of sex differences on psychological distress and work engagement in the productive construction sector, as well as related variables. For this, a cross-sectional descriptive study was performed. Descriptive statistical analyses were completed, and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U and Chi-squared tests were used to identify differences between men and women. This was followed by logistic regression analysis by sex. Psychological distress is more prevalent among women, even after controlling for most variables. Both sexes receive equal preventive measures and training from the companies, yet women still experience higher levels of psychological distress. At the beginning of the pandemic, women reported higher levels of anxiety and fear of COVID-19 and of perceived danger associated with the pandemic than men. However, these differences were not present by 2023. For men, work engagement appeared to be a determining factor for a stable mental health, while for women, health and physical status seemed to be more influential. In both sexes, psychological distress was found to be conditioned by mental and emotional well-being. In a sector where women are increasingly present, the differences observed in terms of how physical and mental health are affected across the two sexes justify the need to promote data analysis that acknowledges this reality.This research is part of the project “Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the emotional and occupational health of construction workers: Evaluation and intervention proposals” which was funded by the Andalusian Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Hazards (IAPRL), part of the Ministry of Employment, Training and Self-Employment of Andalusia (CTC-2022142721).Departamento de Biología Ambiental y Salud Públic

CoryneRegNet 6.0—Updated database content, new analysis methods and novel features focusing on community demands

Post-genomic analysis techniques such as next-generation sequencing have produced vast amounts of data about micro organisms including genetic sequences, their functional annotations and gene regulatory interactions. The latter are genetic mechanisms that control a cell's characteristics, for instance, pathogenicity as well as survival and reproduction strategies. CoryneRegNet is the reference database and analysis platform for corynebacterial gene regulatory networks. In this article we introduce the updated version 6.0 of CoryneRegNet and describe the updated database content which includes, 6352 corynebacterial regulatory interactions compared with 4928 interactions in release 5.0 and 3235 regulations in release 4.0, respectively. We also demonstrate how we support the community by integrating analysis and visualization features for transiently imported custom data, such as gene regulatory interactions. Furthermore, with release 6.0, we provide easy-to-use functions that allow the user to submit data for persistent storage with the CoryneRegNet database. Thus, it offers important options to its users in terms of community demands. CoryneRegNet is publicly available at http://www.coryneregnet.de

A comprehensive framework to efficiently plan short and long-term investments in water supply and sewer networks

Water supply and sewer networks are critical infrastructures that provide a basic service to society. However, these systems constantly age and degrade over time. In addition, since network infrastructures are so extensive in length, they require a significant investment in maintenance tasks. Hence, within the context of infrastructure asset management (IAM), accurately defining the most efficient investment planning possible is essential to ensure their long-term sustainability. This paper presents an original five-step comprehensive framework to successfully implement an infrastructure asset management strategy and plan long-term investments. Moreover, this methodology integrates innovative and relevant operational and convenience factors that, while provide the problem both with realism and practicality, have not been addressed so far. To illustrate the usefulness and applicability of this methodology, the case study of a large water company in Spain is presented

Induced scalarization in boson stars and scalar gravitational radiation

The dynamical evolution of boson stars in scalar-tensor theories of gravity is considered in the physical (Jordan) frame. We focus on the study of spontaneous and induced scalarization, for which we take as initial data configurations on the well-known S-branch of a single boson star in general relativity. We show that during the scalarization process a strong emission of scalar radiation occurs. The new stable configurations (S-branch) of a single boson star within a particular scalar-tensor theory are also presented.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures. Minor changes to match the published versio