Caracterización de nanopartículas de magnetita sintetizadas por el método de coprecipitación

Se sintetizaron dos nanocompuestos de magnetita mediante el método de coprecipitación, usando como agentes precipitantes los hidróxidos de sodio y amonio, para los compuestos Fe3O4-I y Fe3O4-II, respectivamente. Los nanomateriales sintetizados fueron caracterizados mediante espectroscopia infrarroja, difracción de rayos-x y magnetometría de muestra vibrante. En los dos materiales se obtuvo el óxido de hierro esperado, pero adicionalmente en el Fe3O4-I se formaron trazas de impurezas de compuestos de cloro. Ambos nanocompuestos cristalizaron en la estructura cúbica espinela. A temperatura ambiente, los dos compuestos nanoparticulados se encuentran en el régimen superparamagnético, aunque con interacciones magnéticas presentes entre las partículas. Two nanocomposites of magnetite were synthesized by the coprecipitation method, using as precipitating agents sodium and ammonium hydroxides, for Fe3O4-I and Fe3O4-II, respectively. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometry. In the two materials, the expected iron oxide was obtained, but traces of impurities of chlorine compounds were formed in Fe3O4-I. Both nanocompounds crystallized in the cubic-spinel structure. At room temperature, the two nanoparticulate compounds are in the superparamagnetic regime, although with magnetic interactions between the particles

Optical absorption spectra of metal oxides from time-dependent density functional theory and many-body perturbation theory based on optimally-tuned hybrid functiona

Using both time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and the “single-shot” GW plus Bethe-Salpeter equation (GW-BSE) approach, we compute optical band gaps and optical absorption spectra from first principles for eight common binary and ternary closed-shell metal oxides (MgO, Al2O3, CaO, TiO2, Cu2O, ZnO, BaSnO3, and BiVO4), based on the nonempirical Wannier-localization-based, optimally tuned, screened range-separated hybrid functional. Overall, we find excellent agreement between our TDDFT and GW-BSE results and experiment, with a mean absolute error smaller than 0.4 eV, including for Cu2O and ZnO that are traditionally considered to be challenging for both methods

Be-Phenomenon in Neutron Star X-ray Binaries

In this work we provide a brief insight into two aspects of Be/X-ray binaries, which are probably involved in production of X-ray outbursts: the evolution of the Be star disk, in particular of its size, and the binary geometry which drives gravitational interaction. Simultaneous X-ray and optical data will aid our investigation of the evolution of Be stars in binaries and the X-ray outburst mechanism

Quantum groups and noncommutative spacetimes with cosmological constant

Abstract Noncommutative spacetimes are widely believed to model some properties of the quantum structure of spacetime at the Planck regime. In this contribution the construction of (anti-)de Sitter noncommutative spacetimes obtained through quantum groups is reviewed. In this approach the quantum deformation parameter z is related to a Planck scale, and the cosmological constant plays the role of a second deformation parameter of geometric nature, whose limit Λ → 0 provides the corresponding noncommutative Minkowski spacetimes

Wnt signaling is boosted during intestinal regeneration by a CD44-positive feedback loop

Enhancement of Wnt signaling is fundamental for stem cell function during intestinal regeneration. Molecular modules control Wnt activity by regulating signal transduction. CD44 is such a positive regulator and a Wnt target gene. While highly expressed in intestinal crypts and used as a stem cell marker, its role during intestinal homeostasis and regeneration remains unknown. Here we propose a CD44 positive-feedback loop that boosts Wnt signal transduction, thus impacting intestinal regeneration. Excision of Cd44 in Cd44$^{fl/fl}$;VillinCreER$^{T2}$ mice reduced Wnt target gene expression in intestinal crypts and affected stem cell functionality in organoids. Although the integrity of the intestinal epithelium was conserved in mice lacking CD44, they were hypersensitive to dextran sulfate sodium, and showed more severe inflammation and delayed regeneration. We localized the molecular function of CD44 at the Wnt signalosome, and identified novel DVL/CD44 and AXIN/CD44 complexes. CD44 thus promotes optimal Wnt signaling during intestinal regeneration

Symmetric dithiodigalactoside: strategic combination of binding studies and detection of selectivity between a plant toxin and human lectins

Thioglycosides offer the advantage over O-glycosides to be resistant to hydrolysis. Based on initial evidence of this recognition ability for glycosyldisulfides by screening dynamic combinatorial libraries, we have now systematically studied dithiodigalactoside on a plant toxin (Viscum album agglutinin) and five human lectins (adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins with medical relevance e.g. in tumor progression and spread). Inhibition assays with surface-presented neoglycoprotein and in solution monitored by saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy, flanked by epitope mapping, as well as isothermal titration calorimetry revealed binding properties to VAA (Ka: 1560 ± 20 M-1). They were reflected by the structural model and the affinity on the level of toxin-exposed cells. In comparison, galectins were considerably less reactive, with intrafamily grading down to very minor reactivity for tandem-repeat-type galectins, as quantitated by radioassays for both domains of galectin-4. Model building indicated contact formation to be restricted to only one galactose moiety, in contrast to thiodigalactoside. The tested lycosyldisulfide exhibits selectivity between the plant toxin and the tested human lectins, and also between these proteins. Therefore, glycosyldisulfides have potential as chemical platform for inhibitor design

Sequencing the Potato Genome: Outline and First Results to Come from the Elucidation of the Sequence of the World’s Third Most Important Food Crop

Potato is a member of the Solanaceae, a plant family that includes several other economically important species, such as tomato, eggplant, petunia, tobacco and pepper. The Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium (PGSC) aims to elucidate the complete genome sequence of potato, the third most important food crop in the world. The PGSC is a collaboration between 13 research groups from China, India, Poland, Russia, the Netherlands, Ireland, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, USA, New Zealand and the UK. The potato genome consists of 12 chromosomes and has a (haploid) length of approximately 840 million base pairs, making it a medium-sized plant genome. The sequencing project builds on a diploid potato genomic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone library of 78000 clones, which has been fingerprinted and aligned into ~7000 physical map contigs. In addition, the BAC-ends have been sequenced and are publicly available. Approximately 30000 BACs are anchored to the Ultra High Density genetic map of potato, composed of 10000 unique AFLPTM markers. From this integrated genetic-physical map, between 50 to 150 seed BACs have currently been identified for every chromosome. Fluorescent in situ hybridization experiments on selected BAC clones confirm these anchor points. The seed clones provide the starting point for a BAC-by-BAC sequencing strategy. This strategy is being complemented by whole genome shotgun sequencing approaches using both 454 GS FLX and Illumina GA2 instruments. Assembly and annotation of the sequence data will be performed using publicly available and tailor-made tools. The availability of the annotated data will help to characterize germplasm collections based on allelic variance and to assist potato breeders to more fully exploit the genetic potential of potat