Niveles de comprensión de la lectura en niños de segundo grado de primaria de la Institución Educativa. “Santa Rosa de América” Callao, 2013

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como problema determinar “Cómo los niveles de comprensión de lectura ayuda a los niños del segundo grado de la I. E. Santa Rosa de América callao, 2013 “, tiene como objetivo: Determinar “cómo los niveles de comprensión de lectura ayuda a los niños del segundo grado de la I.E Santa Rosa de América, Callao 2013’’ El estudio se llevó a cabo bajo la metodología descriptiva, de enfoque cuantitativo en el tipo de investigación básica sustantiva, la población estuvo constituida por 42 niños del nivel primaria, la muestra se obtuvo por el coeficiente kuder Richardson, y se aplicó el instrumento denominado cuestionario, se consideró a 20 alumnos. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados de la aplicación de la ficha de observación podemos determinar en cuanto a los niveles de comprensión de lectura el 45% de los estudiantes se encuentran en el nivel medio, entre tanto que el 35% en el nivel alto y el 20% en el nivel bajo. Esto indica que los estudiantes alcanzan el nivel medio en los niveles de comprensión de lectura en su mayoría. En conclusión en la investigación se encontró un nivel medio de comprensión de lectura de los niños del segundo grado de la I. E. “Santa Rosa de América” Callao, 2013 (45%). Esto indica que se confirma el objetivo general del estudio

Complejidad textural: la percepción como determinante de la conducta de comer/Textural complexity: from perception to eating behavior

El presente trabajo expone una revisión narrativa del papel que desempeñan las propiedades sensoriales de la comida, específicamente la complejidad de la textura, sobre la conducta de comer y la ingesta hasta la saciación. Se destaca la importancia de la percepción para la adquisición del conocimiento de la textura y la complejidad de la comida, como el origen de las expectativas y el comportamiento alimentario. Posteriormente se presentan los argumentos que establecen que la complejidad de la textura de la comida es un elemento fundamental para la modificación de la conducta de comer y la respuesta de saciación. Finalmente, se exponen los posibles mecanismos de acción

Organ-specific allergen challenges in airway allergy: Current utilities and future directions

Atopy has been long used as the screening method for airway allergy. Nevertheless, aeroallergens can trigger respiratory symptoms not only in atopic patients (atopic res piratory allergy, ARA), but also in non-atopic subjects (local respiratory allergy, LRA). Moreover, ARA and LRA can coexist in the same patient, and this clinical scenario has been called dual respiratory allergy (DRA). When the clinical history cannot determine the relevance of sensitizations in ARA patients, nasal, conjunctival or bronchial aller gen challenges (NAC, CAC, and BAC, respectively) should be conducted. Moreover, these tests are required to identify patients with LRA and DRA. The clarification of the allergic triggers of airway diseases has a profound impact on the management strategies the patients can be offered. Importantly, allergen immunotherapy (AIT) remains as the only disease-modifying intervention for ARA. Recent data indicate that AIT might have a similar effect on LRA patients. Nevertheless, AIT success relies largely on the correct phenotyping of allergic individuals, and NAC, CAC, and BAC are very helpful tools in this regard. In this review, we will summarize the main indications and methodology of CAC, NAC, and BAC. Importantly, the clinical implementation of these tests might translate into precision medicine approaches and better health outcomes for patients with airway allergy.Consejería de Salud, Junta de Andalucía, Grant/Award Number: P20_00405; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Grant/Award Number: PI20/01715, RD21/0002/0008, CM21/00262, CM20/00160, JR22/00048 and JR19/00029. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBUA

Allergen exposure boosts peripheral Th9 responses in patients with local allergic rhinitis

Key points ∙ Intranasal allergen exposure increases peripheral total Th2 and Th9 cells in patients with local allergic rhinitis (LAR). ∙ Peripheral T-cell response seems dominated by Th9 cells in patients with LAR, whereas Th2 responses prevail in patients with allergic rhinitis. ∙ Our results identify Th9 cells as potential therapeutic targets for patients with LAR.Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Competitiveness, Grant/Award Number: PI20/01715; Regional Ministry of Health of Andalucia through research projects, Grant/Award Numbers: PI-0346-2016, PI-0176-2018; Regional Ministry of Education of Andalucia through a research project, Grant/Award Number: P20-00405; Francisca Palomares holds a Senior Postdoctoral Program contract, Grant/Award Number: RH-0028-2021; Almudena Testera-Montes a “Rio Hortega” contract, Grant/Award Number: CM20/00160; Carlos Jose Aranda a “Sara Borrell” contract, Grant/Award Number: CD21/00034; Carmen Alba-Linero a “Río Hortega” contract, Grant/Award Number: CM21/00262; Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia a “Juan Rodes” contract, Grant/Award Number: JR19/00029; Cristobalina Mayorga holds a “Nicolas Monardes” contract, Grant/Award Number: RC-0004-2021; Asma, ReaccionesAdversas y Alérgicas-ARADyAL, Grant/ Award Number: RD16/0006/0001; Redes de InvestigacionCooperativaOrientadas al Resultado en Salud: Enfermedades Inflamatorias, Grant/Award Number: RD21/0002/0008 Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga/CBU

Servicios de Asesorías nutricionales ¨NUTRI KIDS¨

En la actualidad, a raíz de la pandemia, según datos del MEF, la desnutrición infantil en pandemia se redujo al 12.1% en el 2020, esto se debe a intervenciones gubernamentales, así como también la toma de conciencia de tener una alimentación balanceada para poder prevenir contagios de la COVID-19. En ese ámbito, bajo la premisa de desarrollar un modelo de información de nutrición y la demanda que existe sobre el conocimiento de estar saludables, hemos visto conveniente crear un modelo de negocio en el cual podamos integrar los aspectos nutricionales a los niños. Con ello, hemos decidido crear el proyecto Nutri Kids, el cual consiste en brindar asesorías nutricionales a niños de una manera dinámica y de forma digital. Bajo la premisa que las personas valoran y son conscientes que sus niños deban alimentarse bien, es por ello que hemos visto la opción de poder validar que tan atractivo resulta para los padres, el tomar este formato de servicio digital, para complementar la alimentación de sus niños. Por lo tanto, se realizó una investigación cualitativa para poder determinar la valoración y preferencia de los padres en cuanto a la salud de sus niños, siendo Lima Metropolitana nuestra primera zona de mercado, posterior a ello y de acuerdo con los resultados se ampliarán las zonas de cobertura. Las asesorías se brindarán 100% online y se contará con un equipo profesional altamente capacitado, especializado en nutrición infantil. Los precios están estructurados en asesorías individuales y paquetes mensuales a preferencia del consumidor.As a result of the pandemic, according to current data from the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF), child malnutrition was reduced to 12.1% in 2020. This is due to government interventions, as well as the awareness of a balanced diet to be able to prevent COVID-19 infections. In that sense, under the premise of developing a model of nutrition and the existing demand for knowledge about healthy living, we have seen fit to create a business model in which we can integrate nutritional aspects for children. Consequently, we have decided to create the Nutri Kids project, which consists of providing nutritional advice to children in a dynamic and digital way. People are aware that their children should eat well, and they value it. That is why we have seen whether it is possible to assess how attractive it is for parents to use this digital service to help with their children’s diet. Therefore, a qualitative research was carried out to determine the valuation and preference of parents regarding the health of their children. Metropolitan Lima was our first market area. After that, and based on the results, the covered areas will be expanded. The consultancy service will be provided 100% online, and there will be a highly trained professional team, specialized in child nutrition. Prices are structured in individual consultancy sessions and monthly packages according to costumers’ preference.Trabajo de investigació

Planificación escolar : la toma de decisiones informadas. Texto del módulo 2

Diplomado en Gestión Escolar y Segunda Especialidad en Gestión Escolar con Liderazgo PedagógicoEn este material se presentan las competencias, capacidades, indicadores y contenidos del módulo 2 del Plan de Estudios, de acuerdo con la gestión por procesos, que delimita tres caminos comunes a las instituciones educativas de Educación Básica: Dirección y liderazgo, Desarrollo pedagógico y convivencia escolar, y Soporte al funcionamiento de la institución educativa. Este material se ha organizado en dos partes: la primera aborda el proceso de dirección y liderazgo, y la segunda, el soporte al funcionamiento de la institución educativa; el proceso de desarrollo pedagógico y convivencia escolar es desarrollado más adelante. El material se inicia con una presentación de las competencias y capacidades que deben ser logradas. Luego, articula cinco fases metodológicas que orientan el desarrollo de los contenidos: sensibilización, que busca que, a través de una actividad, el participante entre en contacto con situaciones cotidianas que vive como directivo y reflexione desde su propia experiencia; capacidad de respuesta, que tiene como objetivo explorar y asociar los saberes y experiencias previas; reflexión colectiva, donde se comparten los conocimientos y experiencias anteriores; conceptualización, que comprende la internalización de conceptos para integrar la nueva adquisición a las redes conceptuales que el participante ya posee, y acción en marcha, que pretende que pueda manejar situaciones como la presentada inicialmente o similares, de tal suerte que se incorpore al conjunto de conocimientos consolidados y comprobados que ha logrado o con los que ya cuenta

ANGPTL-4 is Associated with Obesity and Lipid Profile in Children and Adolescents

Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL-4) regulates lipidic metabolism and affects energy homeostasis. However, its function in children with obesity remains unknown. We investigated plasma ANGPTL-4 levels in children and its relationship with body mass index (BMI) and different lipidic parameters such as free fatty acids (FFA). Plasma ANGPTL-4 levels were analyzed in two different cohorts. In the first cohort (n = 150, age 3–17 years), which included children with normal weight or obesity, we performed a cross-sectional study. In the second cohort, which included only children with obesity (n = 20, age 5–18 years) followed up for two years after an intervention for weight loss, in which we performed a longitudinal study measuring ANGPTL-4 before and after BMI-loss. In the cross-sectional study, circulating ANGPTL-4 levels were lower in children with obesity than in those with normal weight. Moreover, ANGPTL-4 presented a negative correlation with BMI, waist circumference, weight, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA index), triglycerides, and leptin, and a positive correlation with FFA and vitamin-D. In the longitudinal study, the percent change in plasma ANGPTL-4 was correlated with the percent change in FFA, total-cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. This study reveals a significant association of ANGPTL-4 with pediatric obesity and plasma lipid profileThis research was funded by INSTITUTO DE SALUD CARLOS III cofounded by FEDER, grants number PI18/00998, PI15/01272, PI11/02042, PI16/01301, and PI16/00871, and FUNDACIÓN MUTUA MADRILEÑAS

Evaluating the Association between Artificial Light-at-Night Exposure and Breast and Prostate Cancer Risk in Spain (MCC-Spain Study)

[EN] Background: Night shift work, exposure to light at night (ALAN) and circadian disruption may increase the risk of hormone-dependent cancers. Objectives: We evaluated the association of exposure to ALAN during sleeping time with breast and prostate cancer in a population based multicase–control study (MCC-Spain), among subjects who had never worked at night. We evaluated chronotype, a characteristic that may relate to adaptation to light at night. Methods: We enrolled 1,219 breast cancer cases, 1,385 female controls, 623 prostate cancer cases, and 879 male controls from 11 Spanish regions in 2008–2013. Indoor ALAN information was obtained through questionnaires. Outdoor ALAN was analyzed using images from the International Space Station (ISS) available for Barcelona and Madrid for 2012–2013, including data of remotely sensed upward light intensity and blue light spectrum information for each geocoded longest residence of each MCC-Spain subject. Results: Among Barcelona and Madrid participants with information on both indoor and outdoor ALAN, exposure to outdoor ALAN in the blue light spectrum was associated with breast cancer [adjusted odds ratio (OR) for highest vs. lowest tertile, OR=1.47; 95% CI: 1.00, 2.17] and prostate cancer (OR=2.05; 95% CI: 1.38, 3.03). In contrast, those exposed to the highest versus lowest intensity of outdoor ALAN were more likely to be controls than cases, particularly for prostate cancer. Compared with those who reported sleeping in total darkness, men who slept in “quite illuminated” bedrooms had a higher risk of prostate cancer (OR=2.79; 95% CI: 1.55, 5.04), whereas women had a slightly lower risk of breast cancer (OR=0.77; 95% CI: 0.39, 1.51). Conclusion: Both prostate and breast cancer were associated with high estimated exposure to outdoor ALAN in the blue-enriched light spectrumS

una mirada desde las Ciencias de la Conducta

Este libro es el resultado de los trabajos presentados en el 1er Congreso Internacional "Convivencia y bienestar con sentido humanista para una cultura de paz"

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe